College and university graduations in the United States are arriving earlier each year as the average length of school year gets shorter.

    The school year has fallen by nearly six weeks, from 197 days in 1964 to 156days in 1994,   1   the National Association of Scholars.   2  , most American kindergarten, elementary (初等的) and high school students are   3  to spend 180 days a year in their schools. The   4  of the average class period also has   5   , from more than 57minutes to less than 54,the Association reports.

    “The   6  has to be that students are simply   7  less,” said the director of the Association. “If you count the actual    8  of contact hours, you'll find they are   9   four years in college getting an education that would have taken about    10  years in 1964.”

The universities argue (认为) that they are simply teaching more  11　　 “The traditional idea that learning   12  in the classroom and   13  reading and writing   14  based on seat time is out of date,” said a spokesman for the American Council on Education. “  15  than attending lectures, students now   16  their professors on their computers or use other types of   17  technology, allowing for a shorter school year,” he said. It is very   18  .that, in many schools, they are going to spend   19  time   20  than they used to.

1. A. according to　　  　　  B. by the accordance of  　　 C. following  　　     D. followed

2. A. By comparison  　　　　  B. In particular 　　　　    　　C. Strangely enough  D. As a result

3. A. intended   　　　　  　　B. required 　　　　   　　　　C. requested   　　  D. inquired

4. A. long    　　　　　　　　　　 　　B. length　　　　 　　   　　C. time   　　  　　  D. period

5. A. fallen   　　    　　　　B. declined 　　　　   　　　　C. oppressed   　　  D. lowered

6. A. reason　　 　　　　 　　B. cause    　　　　 　　　　C. conclusion 　　   　　  D. condition

7. A. playing   　　　　    　　B. learning  　　　　  　　　　C. working　　 　　  D. paying

8. A. number　　 　　　　B. times  　　  　　　　　　C. need  　　　　　　    D. arrangement

9. A. spending      　　　　B. given  　　  　　　　　　C. living  　　　　  D. asked

10. A. five　　    　　  　　B. two   　　  　　　　　　C. three 　　   　　  D. six

11. A. quickly   　　　　  　　B. thoroughly  　　　　　　　　   C. wisely   　　　　    D. efficiently

12. A. came　　   　　  　　B. took place　　　　  　　    C. started 　　  　　  D. appeared

13. A. through    　　    　　B. across   　　　　  　　　　C. by the way of     D. with

14. A. questions        　　B. books   　　　　  　　　　C. assignments       D. texts

15. A. Rather  　　  　　　　B. More　　  　　  　　　　C. Less   　　 　　  D. Easier

16. A. chat with    　　 　　B. argue with  　　　　　　 　　C. speak       　　  D. tell

17. A. knowledge  　　   　　B. information   　　　　  　　C. message  　　      D. intelligence

18. A. possibly     　　　　B. probably  　　    　　　　C. lovely      　　  D. likely

19. A. less　　     　　　　B. little　　 　　　　  　　　　C. more　　 　　      D. much more

20. A. at home　　　　    B. in the laboratory 　　　　     C. in the classroom  D. on computer

　　Most parents, I suppose, have had the experience of reading a bedtime story to their children. And they must have   1  how difficult it is to write a   2   children's book. Either the author has aimed too   3  so that the children can't follow what is in his (or more often, her) story,   4  the story seems to be talking to the readers.

    The best children's books are   5  very difficult nor very simple, and satisfy both the   6  who hears the story and the adult who  7  it. Unfortunately, there are in fact   8  books like this,   9  the problem of finding the right bedtime story is not   10  to solve.

    This may be why many of books regarded as   11   of children's literature were in fact written for   12    “Alice's Adventure in Wonderland” is perhaps the most   13  of this.

    Children, left for themselves, often   14  the worst possible interest in literature. Just leave a child in bookshop or   15  and he will   16  willingly choose the books written in an imaginative way, or have a look at most children's comics, full of the stories and jokes which are the  17  of teachers and right-thinking parents.

    Perhaps we parents should stop trying to brainwash children into   18  our taste in literature. After all children and adults are so   19  that we parents should not expect that they will enjoy the   20  books. So I suppose we'll just have to compromise over that bedtime story.

1. A. hoped  　　　　 B. realized    　　　　 C. told 　　　　　　 D. said

2. A. short     　　　　 B. long       　　　　 C. bad 　　　　　　 D. good

3. A. easy      　　　　 B. short 　　  　　　　 C. high 　　   　　　　　　 D. difficult

4. A. and      　　　　 B. but  　　   　　　　　　 C. or    　　　　　　 D. so

5. A. both　　　　　　 B. neither    　　  　　 C. either      　　　　 D. very

6. A. child    　　   　　 B. father 　　 　　　　 C. mother    　　　　 D. teacher.

7. A. hears    　　　　 B. buys      　　　　 C. understands    　　 D. reads

8. A. few　　 　　  　　 B. many    　　    　　 C. a great deal of        D. a great number of

9. A. but  　　 　　　　 B. however   　　 　　 C. so　　    　　　　 D. because

10. A. hard    　　 　　 B. easy       　　　　 C. enough  　　　　 D. fast

11. A. articles      　　 B. work    　　　　 C. arts  　　  　　　　 D. works

12. A. grown-ups 　　 B. girls  　　  　　　　 C. boys 　　　　　　  　　 D. children

13. A. difficult    　　 B. hidden     　　　　 C. obvious 　　　　 　　 D. easy

14. A. are　　      　　 B. show    　　　　 C. find  　　  　　　　 D. add

15. A. school       　　 B. home      　　　　 C. office 　　 　　　　 D. library

16. A. more　　    　　 B. less   　　 　　　　 C. able  　　    　　   D. be

17. A. lovingness   　　   B. interests   　　　　 C. objections    　　     D. readings

18. A. receiving   　　 B. accepting  　　　　 C. having   　　    　　 D. refusing

19. A. same        　　 B. friendly    　　　　 C. different    　　　　   D. common

20. A. common   　　  B. average　　　　   C. different　　　　   D. same

　　More and more students want to study in “hot” majors.    1  a result, many students want to  2  their interests and study in these   3  such as foreign languages, international business and law, etc.

　　 Fewer and fewer students choose scientific majors,  4  maths, physics and biology, and art majors,   5   history, Chinese and philosophy.

　　    6   students can study in these “hot” majors, because the number of these “hot” majors   7  limited.

　　 If one   8  interest in his work or study,    9  can he do well? I   10  this from one of my classmates. He is  11  the countryside. His parents are farmers. Though he   12  biology, he chose “international business” He   13  to live a life which is different   14  of his parents.

　　 In the end, he found he   15  in doing business. He found all the subjects to be   16     17  this wouldn't have happened if he had chosen his major according to his own interests.

　　 Choosing a major in university   18  decide one's whole life. Majors   19  are not “hot” today may become the “hot” major of tomorrow.

　　 Choosing your major according to your own   20  is the best way to succeed.

1. A. Being    　　　　   B. For 　　 　　　　　　C. Having      　　   D. As

2. A. give up   　　 　　   B. appear 　　　　　　C. give  　　 　　  D. master

3. A. place     　　　　   B. room   　　  　　　　C. areas 　　　　   D. space

4. A. for example    　　   B. such as 　　  　　　　C. and so on   　　    D. as a result

5. A. even    　　   　　   B. like 　　 　　　　　　C. just　　    　　   D. or

6. A. Only a few   　　     B. Quite a few 　　　　C. Perhaps    　　     D. Many

7. A. is   　　  　　　　   B. are 　　  　　　　　　C. would be  　　   　　   D. have been

8. A. had no　　  　　   　　   B. had　　 　　 　　　　C. has no      　　   D. has

9. A. why     　　　　   B. and what     　　　　C. how   　　 　　   D. and how

10. A. suggested  　　   B. guessed　　 　　  　　C. searched           D. learned

11. A. out of　　　　　　 B. off    　　   　　　　　　C. in　　　　　　   D. from

12. A. studied    　　　　    B. likes    　　　　　　 　　C. learns    　　　　   D. succeeds to study

13. A. wants   　　 　　   B. doesn't want　　 　　  C. enjoys    　　   D. doesn't like

14. A. from which　　    B. from that　　　　   C. for which　　　　 D. for that

15. A. was interested　　    B. was clever 　　　　 　　C. was not interested　　 D. was not clever

16. A. lovely　　　　　　　　　　    B. rare    　　　　    　　C. obvious    　　     D. tiresome

17. A. So　　      　　　　B. Then   　　 　　　　C. Just then   　　     D. Maybe

18. A. can　　　　　　    B. does not　　 　　    C. probably  　　   D. perhaps not to

19. A. on which   　　   　　　　B. in which  　　    C. which 　　  　　   D. /

20. A. interests　　　　    B. experience　　　　 C. mind　　　　　　 D. heart

　　Wilfred Hooker was a young Londoner who knew how to enjoy himself. He had a good flat; he often went to the theatre and to parties; his car was one of the best. He had plenty of money and one day bought a   1   . He learnt to fly, and flying became one of his   2  amusements. One day he set out in his small plane on a short   3  trip over England. At first everything went    4   , but when he was over the eastern part of the country the   5   of the little machine   6  .

　　 Luckily he was flying at a good   7  when this misfortune happened, and he had time to look for a place to   8   . Below him he could see a number of fields which looked   9  enough to land on, and he succeeded in   10  his machine down on one of them. It was not as flat as it had looked from the   11   , but he landed safely and   12  out to look round, wondering where he was.

　　 He saw a few trees and one or two cows and horses   13  eating the grass in the fields. Along one of the   14  a man was walking, and this person stopped when he saw the plane.

　　 Hooker looked at him with   15   because he could   16  tell him where he was and how he could get back to London. He had the   17  of a farm-worker.

　　 He was wearing a dirty old hat and a coat that had seen   18  days. In his hand was a   19  made out of part of a tree, and in his mouth a long piece of grass. Hooker walked across the   20  towards this man.

1. A. cottage 　　　　   B. plane    　　　　　　C. house  　　 　　   D. ship

2. A. chief     　　　　   B. best     　　　　　　C. good  　　  　　   D. own

3. A. fun　　 　　   　　   B. pleasure 　　  　　　　C. pleasant     　　   D. comfortable

4. A. all right 　　　　   B. badly　　　　　　  C. good   　　 　　   D. well

5. A. plane   　　　　   B. water   　　  　　　　C. engine 　　  　　   D. wheels

6. A. failed    　　　　   B. worked   　　　　  　　C. disappeared         D. operated

7. A. speed　　 　　　　   B. height  　　   　　　　C. place  　　  　　   D. depth

8. A. stay 　　  　　　　   B. remain　　　　　　 C. live    　　　　   D. land

9. A. wide     　　　　   B. large　　 　　   　　 C. flat     　　　　   D. level

10. A. taking  　　　　　　     B. getting  　　　　    C. causing     　　   D. bringing

11. A. air    　　　　   B. sky     　　　　　　C. atmosphere        D. plane

12. A. walked　　　　    B. ran　　    　　   　　　　C. jumped     　　   D. stepped

13. A. silently 　　   　　   B. still      　　　　　　C. quietly    　　       D. carefully

14. A. fields  　　　　   B. lands    　　　　　　C. roads       　　   D. cattle

15. A. fun    　　   　　   B. interest　　      　　C. care    　　　　      D. pleasure

16. A. likely         　　  B. perhaps 　　　　    C. maybe      　　   D. probably

17. A. appearance   　　    B. look    　　　　　　C. expression 　　　　　　     D. clothes

18. A. better   　　 　　   B. good　　    　　　　C. worse 　　  　　   D. happy.

19. A. hammer　　　　   B. plough       　　　　C. stick　　 　　       D. branch

20. A. road　　　　　　  B. country　　　　　　 C. grass　　　　    D. field

　　I was shown into the waiting-room, which as I had expected, was full. There were dirty  l     on the wall, and the tattered (撕碎) magazines on the table   2  a great pile of waster paper. I took my seat and decided to   3  the time watching people around me.

　　 A young man beside me was turning over the   4  of a magazine quickly and nervously. It was   5  to understand what he was looking at for every three minutes or so he would   6  the magazine on the table, seize   7   , and sink back into his    8   . Opposite me there was a young mother who was trying to keep her son from   9   . The boy had clearly grown tired of   10   . He had placed an ashtray on the floor and was making plane sounds as he waved a pencil in his hand. Near him an old man was fast   11   , and the boy' s mother was afraid   12  sooner or later her son would   13  the gentleman. At the same time the   14  man next to me kept sighing (叹气) loudly. At last he got up, walked towards the door and began    15  the pictures on the wall. Soon growing   16   , he snatched one more magazine out of the bottom of the pile and dropped tiredly into a chair. Even the boy had become quiet and was sleeping in her mother’s arms.

　　  There was a complete   17  in the room as the door opened and a nurse   18   . The people looked up with a ray of   19  in the eyes. Then settled down again as the next  20  patient was let out of the room.

1. A. holes   　　　　B. pictures    　　　　 C. maps     　　　　 D. notice

2. A. were made of 　　  B. changed into　　       C. looked like　　   　　 D. were same as

3. A. cost     　　　　B. take  　　　　　　 C. pass 　　   　　　　　　 D. use

4. A. stories   　　　　B. articles      　　　　 C. books   　　　　 D. pages

5. A. easy    　　   　　　　B. possible     　　　　 C. useless    　　　　 D. hard

6. A. throw    　　　　B. take    　　　　　　 C. drag  　　　　　　 D. push

7. A. the others 　　 　　B. other 　　　　　　 C. another  　　    　　 D. the other

8. A. chair 　　 　　　　B. pocket 　　  　　　　 C. sleep 　　  　　　　 D. picture

9. A. hurting himself   　　 　　　　　　B. tearing the magazine

C. falling asleep   　　  　　　　　　　　 D. making a noise

10. A. sleeping 　　  　　B. waiting   　　　　 　　 C. reading   　　   　　 D. playing

11. A. in sleep  　　 　　B. asleep  　　 　　　　 C. sleepy 　　 　　　　 D. sleeping

12. A. what  　　　　B. that　　 　　　　　　 C. then       　　　　 D. before

13. A. do harm to  　　　　　　  B. knock into 　　   　　　　 C. turn against    　　   D. wake up

14. A. old      　　　　B. kind  　　　　　　 C. young    　　  　　 D. handsome

15. A. drawing　　   　　    B. taking down 　　 　　 C. examining      　　 D. putting up

16. A. glad    　　　　B. unhappy   　　   　　 C. angry   　　　　 　　 D. uninterested

17. A. loneliness　　     B. hopelessness　　  　　 C. tiredness    　　　　   D. silence

18. A. entered  　　 　　B. turned out 　　　　 C. entered in   　　　　   D. came out

19. A. success 　　  　　B. satisfaction  　　 　　 C. joy　　　　　　   D. hope

20. A. unlucky　　    B. tired　　　　　　   C. happy　　　　    D. lucky

　　The human nose has given to the language often word many interesting expressions. Of course, this is   1    Without the nose, we couldn't   2  or smell. It is the part of the face that gives a person special   3   . Cyrano do Bergerac said that   4  large nose showed   5  man courageous, manly and wise.

A famous woman poet   6  that she had two noses   7  a rose! Blaise Pascal made an   8   remark about Cleopatra' s nose (Cleopatra 为古埃及最后一位女王). If it had been shorter, he said, it would have changed the whole face of the world！

    Man's nose   9  an important role (作用) in his imagination. Man has referred to the nose in   10  ways to express his emotions. Expressions dealing with the nose refer to human   11  ; anger, pride, jealousy (嫉妒) and revenge (报复).

    In English there are a number of phrases   12  the nose. For example, to hold up one's nose expresses a basic human feeling——pride. People  13  hold up their noses at people, things and places.

    The phrase,   14  around by the nose, shows man' s weakness. A person   15  is led around by the nose lets other people   16  him. On the other hand, a person who   17  his nose lets his instinct (本能)——guide   18 

    There are a number of others   19   . It should be   20  the nose on your face that the nose is more than an organ (器官) for breathing and smelling.

1. A. not surprising        B. surprising 　　 　　C. not surprised　　   　　    D. surprised

2. A. breath    　　 　　  B. breathe   　　 　　C. taste　　  　　　　　　  　　 D. watch

3. A. feeling  　　　　  B. character 　　  　　C. things 　　　　　　  　　 D. love

4. A. the　　 　　   　　　　  B. this  　　 　　　　C. one   　　   　　　　 D. a

5. A. big       　　　　  B. large 　　 　　　　C. great    　　　　  　　 D. brave

6. A. wished   　　　　  B. said 　　  　　　　C. hoped    　　    　　 D. expected

7. A. to feel    　　　　  B. to see   　　　　　　  　　C. to touch    　　　　     D. to smell

8. A. encouraging 　　  B. interesting　　   C. moving　　      　　 D. exciting

9. A. has had       　　  B. had had 　　　　C. had　　  　　    　　 D. will have

10. A. much   　　 　　  B. few 　　  　　　　C. many   　　　　        D. some

11. A. illness   　　 　　  B. strength 　　   　　　　C. courage  　　　　 　　 D. weakness

12. A. with     　　　　  B. of  　　   　　　　C. by    　　  　　　　 D. about

13. A. must    　　　　  B. can 　　   　　　　C. need  　　   　　　　 D. should

14. A. to lead 　　　　  B. leading   　　　　C. to be led　　　　    D. lead

15. A. which   　　 　　  B. whom   　　  　　C. who   　　 　　　　 D. whose

16. A. protect 　　   　　　　  B. control   　　　　C. remember       　　 D. hate

17. A. follows      　　  B. leads 　　 　　　　C. drives 　　   　　　　 D. makes

18. A. himself 　　   　　  B. him  　　 　　　　C. one　　　　　　    D. man

19. A. otherwise    　　  B. thus 　　  　　　　C. so     　　　　　　 D. however

20. A. so plain as　　    B. as plain as　　    C. as clearly as　　　　 D. not as plain as

　　Most children with healthy appetite are ready to eat almost anything that is offered to them and a child rarely dislikes food  1  it is badly cooked. The   2  a meal is cooked and served is most important and an   3   served meal will often improve a child's appetite. Never ask a child   4  he likes or dislikes a food and never  5  likes and dislikes in front of him or allow  6  else to do so. If the father says he hates fat meat or the mother   7  vegetables in the child's hearing he is   8  to copy this procedure. Take it   9  granted that he likes everything and he probably  10  ” Nothing healthful should be omitted from the meal   11  a supposed dislike. At meal times it is good   12  to give a child a small portion and let him   13   back for a second helping rather than give him as   14  as he is likely to have at once. Do not talk too much to the child   15  meal times, but let him get on with his food; and do not   16  him to leave the table immediately after a meal or he will   17  learn to swallow his food   18  he can hurry back to his toys. Under   19 circumstances must a child be coaxed (哄骗)   20  forced to eat.

1. A. if　　  　　　　  B. until 　　  　　　　　　 C. that 　　　　　　  D. unless

2. A. procedure     　　  B. process　　  　　  　　 C. way  　　  　　　　  D. method

3. A. enough   　　 　　  B. attractively　　    　　 C. anxiously　　　　 　　  D. eagerly

4. A. whether 　　   　　　　  B. what    　　   　　　　 C. that  　　  　　　　  D. which

5. A. remark   　　 　　  B. tell　　  　　  　　　　 C. discuss   　　　　　　   D. argue

6. A. everybody   　　   　　  B. anybody      　　　　 C. somebody     　　  D. nobody

7. A. oppose   　　 　　  B. denies    　　 　　　　 C. refuses   　　　　　　  　　  D. offends

8. A. willing   　　　　  B. possible 　　    　　　　 C. obliged    　　　　      D. likely

9. A. with　　 　　 　　  B. as　　  　　   　　　　 C. over　　 　　　　　　　　　　   D. for

10. A. should       　　  B. may　　      　　　　 C. will    　　　　  　　  D. must

11. A. because of   　　  B. because  　　  　　　　 C. only because 　　　　   D. even if

12. A. point    　　　　  B. custom   　　 　　　　 C. idea    　　　　  　　  D. plan

13. A. ask　　 　　 　　  B. come　　    　　　　 C. return 　　 　　　　  D. take

14. A. much　　   　　  B. little      　　　　　　 C. few　　   　　　　     D. many

15. A. on      　　　　  B. over　　　　　　　　 C. by    　　　　    　　  D. during

16. A. agree  　　　　  B. allow   　　    　　　　 C. for   　　　　　　 　　  D. persuade

17. A. hurriedly     　　  B. soon    　　   　　　　 C. fast　　 　　　　　　     D. slowly

18. A. so    　　　　  B. until      　　　　　　 C. lest    　　　　  　　  D. although

19. A. some　　   　　  B. any　　 　　   　　　　 C. such    　　    　　  D. no

20. A. or    　　　　  B. nor　　　　　　　　   C. but　　    　　　　D. neither

　　The house next door had been empty for so long that we had quite forgotten what it was to have neighbors. One day,   1   , a great furniture lorry drew up near our front gate and in a short time, all kinds of furniture were   2   on the pavement. A small car arrived, out of which came seven people; a man, a woman and five children of   3   ages. The children hurried out and began laughing  4   as the whole family moved into the house. Windows were   5   open; furniture was put into   6  ; and little faces looked curiously at us over the fence and disappeared. It was our first   7   to the Robinsons.

    Though we became firm   8   with our new neighbors, we often had causes to be made angry by them. Our garden became an unsafe place: little boys   9   as cowboys or Indians would jump up from behind bushes,   10   wooden guns at us and   11   us to put our hands up. Sometimes our lives were   12   ; at others, we were killed with a   13  “Bang! Bang！”. Even more dangerous were the arrows that occasionally came sailing  14    the garden fence.

    But we did not   15   go in fear for our lives. The Robinsons were friendly and helpful and when we left for the holidays, we knew we had nothing to fear  16   our neighbors were around. We understood what it was like to have  17   in the long friendless winter evenings   18   Mr. Robinson would   19   in for a cup of tea and chat; or when Mr.  Robinson would    20   over the fence and talk endlessly with father about gardening problems.

1. A. so   　　　　　　   B. but 　　  　　　　　　 C. however 　　　　D. therefore

2. A. unloaded 　　  　　   B. loaded  　　  　　　　 C. moved   　　　　　　  　　D. removed

3. A. the same    　　   B. various      　　　　 C. same    　　    　　D. young

4. A. delightedly  　　　　    B. angry　　   　　　　 C. sadly  　　　　       D. astonishingly

5. A. forced　　   　　   B. broken　　 　　　　　　  　　 C. kicked    　　  　　D. pushed

6. A. place　　   　　   B. order　　   　　  　　 C. room　　 　　  　　D. building

7. A. interview     　　   B. introduction       　　 C. arrangement   　　  D. management

8. A. strangers    　　　　　　     B. enemies　　    　　 C. friends    　　　　    D. relatives

9. A. pretending   　　　　　　     B. looking      　　　　 C. dressed   　　  　　D. worn

10. A. put    　　   　　　　   B. take　　     　　　　 C. throw　　 　　 　　D. point

11. A. lead   　　　　   B. order   　　  　　　　 C. ask       　　　　D. make

12. A. wasted      　　   B. saved   　　　　　　 C. devoted   　　  　　D. spared

13. A. fast　　 　　 　　   B. soft    　　  　　　　 C. sharp 　　  　　　　D. slow

14. A. in       　　　　   B. on　　 　　   　　　　 C. over       　　　　D. across

15. A. always       　　   B. often   　　  　　　　 C. even　　 　　   　　D. then

16. A. though      　　   B. unless       　　　　 C.  as  long as 　　D. even if

17. A. cheers      　　   B. fun　　　　　　　　 C. discussions    　　D. company

18. A. as　　      　　   B. when　　   　　　　 C. while    　　　　D. since

19. A. drop    　　 　　   B. jump   　　   　　　　 C. slip　　　　　　  D. break

20. A. fall 　　 　　　　　　B. climb　　　　　　   C. lean　　　　　　 D. lie

　　A land free from destruction (毁灭，破坏), plus wealth, natural resources, and labor supply——all these were important   1   in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.   2   they were not enough. Something   3  was needed to start the industrial process. That “something special” was men ——creative individuals who could   4   machines, find new   5   of power, and establish business organizations to reshape (改造，再形成) society. The men who   6   the machines of the Industrial Revolution   7   from many backgrounds and many occupations. Many of them were   8   inventors than scientists. A man who is a   9   scientist is primarily interested in doing his research   10   . He is not necessarily working   11   that his findings can be used. An inventor or one interested in applied science is   12   trying to make something that has a concrete   13   . He may try to solve a problem by using the theories   14   science or by experimenting through trial and error. Regardless of his method, he is working to obtain a   15   result: the construction of a harvesting machine, the burning of a light bulb, or one of   16   other objectives.

　　 Most of the people who   17   the machines of the Industrial Revolution were inventors, not trained scientists. A few were both scientists and inventors. Even those who had   18   or no training in science might not have made their inventions    19   a groundwork had not been laid by scientists years   20 

1. A. cases    　　　　 B. reasons   　　  　　  C. factors     　　   D. situations

2. A. But  　　 　　　　 B. And   　　 　　　　  C. Besides 　　　　 D. Even

3. A. else 　　  　　　　 B. near  　　  　　　　  C. extra     　　　　 D. similar

4. A. discover  　　 　　 B. make      　　　　  C. produce 　　   　　　　 D. invent

5. A. coming            B. sources    　　　　  C. bases  　　　　 　　 D. discoveries

6. A. employed     　　 B. created    　　　　  C. operated 　　　　　　   D. controlled

7. A. came    　　  　　 B. arrived     　　　　  C. stemmed     　　 D. appeared

8. A. less      　　　　 B. better 　　  　　　　  C. more    　　  　　 D. worse

9. A. genuine 　　　　 B. practical  　　   　　  C. pure   　　　　 　　 D. clever

10. A. happily  　　 　　 B. occasionally 　　　　    C. willingly      　　 D. accurately

11. A. now　　     　　 B. and　　   　　　　  C. all　　 　　　　 　　 D. so

12. A. seldom 　　   　　 B. sometimes 　　  　　  C. usually 　　　　 　　 D. never

13. A. plan    　　　　 B. use        　　　　  C. idea　　 　　  　　 D. means

14. A. of      　　　　 B. with      　　　　  C. to        　　　　 D. as

15. A. single   　　　　 B. sole   　　 　　　　  C. specialized　　    D. specific

16. A. few   　　　　 B. those      　　　　  C. many    　　  　　 D. all

17. A. proposed     　　 B. developed  　　 　　  C. supplied 　　   　　 D. offered

18. A. little     　　　　 B. much　　 　　  　　  C. some　　     　　 D. any

19. A. as　　　　　　  B. if     　　　　 　　 C. because  　　  　　 D. while

20. A. ago   　　　　 B. past　　　　　　    C. ahead　　　　    D. before

　　Many teachers believe that the responsibilities (责任，职责) for learning lie with the students.   1   a long reading assignment is given, professors expect students to be familiar with the   2   in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The   3   student is considered to be   4   who is motivated (激发) to learn for the sake of   5   , not the one interested only in getting high grades. Sometimes homework is returned   6   brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is   7   for learning the material assigned. When research is    8   , the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with   9   guidance. It is the   10   responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain   11   a university library works they   12   students, rarely grade students, to be able to exhaust the reference   13   in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but   14   that their students not be   15    dependent on them. In the United States, professors have many other duties   16   teaching, such as administrative (行政的) or research work.   17   the time that a professor can spend with a student out of class is   18  . If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either   19   a professor during office hours   20   make an appointment.

1. A. If    　　　　   B. Because　　　　　　  　　   C. Although　　  　　   D. Before

2. A. suggestion        B. context   　　　　     C. abstract 　　  　　   D. information

3. A. poor 　　 　　   B. ideal 　　　　   　　   C. average      　　   D. disappointed

4. A. such 　　 　　   B. one　　 　　　　       C. any   　　　　   D. some

5. A. fun  　　 　　   B. work  　　    　　   C. learning      　　   D. prize

6. A. by          　　B. in　　    　　　　    C. for　　 　　  　　   D. with

7. A. unhappy       B. responsible　　　　     C. satisfied 　　 　　   D. dismissed

8. A. collected         B. distributed　　　　 C. assigned   　　　　    D. finished

9. A. the most         B. the least 　　  　　   C. possible  　　　　      D. practical

10. A. student's        B. assistant's  　　       C. professor's  　　　　　　    D. librarian's

11. A. when   　　   B. what　　   　　      C. why　　    　　    D. how

12. A. wish   　　      B. hope for 　　 　　   C. want   　　  　　   D. expect

13. A. selections       B. collections 　　　　    C. sources 　　  　　   D. origins

14. A. hate    　　   B. dislike   　　 　　   C. like　　 　　 　　   D. prefer

15. A. too 　　 　　   B. such　　    　　   C. much        　　   D. more

16. A. but 　　 　　   B. except 　　　　   C. with　　 　　　　   D. besides

17. A. However        B. Therefore    　　   C. Furthermore 　　     D. Nevertheless

18. A. full      　　   B. limited       　　   C. irregular     　　   D. enough

19. A. interrupt 　　    B. annoy　　   　　   C. approach    　　   D. disturb

20. A. or    　　　　B. to　　　　　　    C. and　　　　　　   D. but