阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案.

　　When we walk through the city, we all experience a kind of information overload but we pay attention only to those that are important to us. We don't stop, we keep our faces expressionless and eyes straight ahead, and in doing so, we are not just protecting ourselves but are avoiding overloading other people as well.

　　We make use of stereotypes（刻板的模式）as convenient ways to make quick judgements about situations and people around us. They may not always be accurate, and they can often be dangerously wrong, but they are used regularly.

　　The problem with the stereotypes is that they restrict experience. By using limited clues to provide us with a rapid opinion of other people or places we may choose to limit our communication. We may decide not to go to certain places because we believe they will not offer something we enjoy.

　　In the city, styles of dress are particularly important with regard to self-presentation. Different groups often use clearly identifiable styles of clothes so that they can be easily recognized. It is becoming increasingly common for brand names to be placed on the outside of clothes, and this labeling makes it easy to send out information about fashion and price instantly, and lets others tell at a distance whether an individual has similar tastes and is a suitable person to associate with.

　　In England, where social grouping or class continues to make social distinctions（区分）, clothes, hairstyles, people's pronunciation and the manner of speaking are all clues to our social group. Class distinctions tend to be relatively fixed, although in the city where greater variety is permitted, they are more likely to be secondary determining factors of friendship and association.

（1）People walking in cities ignore the surroundings because ________.

[　　]

A. they don't wish to talk to other people

B. everyone else is expressionless

C. the environment is already familiar to them

D. there is too much information to take in

（2）According to the passage, the main disadvantage of using stereotypes is that they ________.

[　　]

A. are likely to lead us into dangerous situations

B. may make us miss some pleasant experience

C. can rarely be relied on

D. makes us mentally lazy

（3）From the passage we may conclude that ________.

[　　]

A. stereotypes can help to understand people fully

B. people are becoming more interested in fashion

C. dressing can send messages about individuals

D. stereotypes can do more harm than good to people

（4）It would appear that in England, a person's class ________.

[　　]

A. might be less important in making friends in a city

B. is mainly determined by his pronunciation

C. plays less of a role than it did m the past

D. is something that can be changed easily

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案.

　　You are what you eat. This saying has provided scientists with clues（线索）about the diet of hominids--our early relatives of 3 million years ago.

　　Studying carbon atoms（碳原子）locked up in tooth enamel（珐琅质）, two researchers argue against the widely held belief that hominids ate little more than fruits and leaves. Sponheimer and Julia Lee-Thorp of the University of Cape Town. South Africa, report their findings in Friday's Science.

　　There aren't many clues for us to know the life of early hominids. The shape of hominids' teeth offered the first clues. Large and flat-edged with thick enamel, they looked perfect for eating nuts and fruits, different from the sharp teeth one would want to tear into meat with. The first stone tools, which would help in eating meat, didn't appear until about half a million years later.

　　Scientists have also found marks on hominids' teeth with patterns very similar to those on the teeth of modem-day fruit eaters. Sponheimer and Lee-Thorp tried a new method, looking at the chemical composition of the tooth enamel. They studied the enamel for the carbon-13. Animals that eat grasses have higher carbon-13, levels than those eating fruits and other plants.

　　What they found was that the teeth of the hominids had an in-between amount of carbon-13, which meant not only they were eating fruits they were eating a lot of grasses, or animals eating grasses. The lower carbon-13 levels could also come from eating certain types of insects（昆虫）.

　　But there are people who understand differently. Prof, Ungar of the University of Arkansas agrees the study offers new suggestions of hominid diet, but disagrees about the suggestion that meat could explain the lower carbon-13 levels.

　　One suggestion might be true though--take good care of your teeth. In 3 million years, a scientist might be using them to figure out what you ate for dinner.

（1）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

[　　]

A. Protect Your Teeth.

B. What the Hominid Ate.

C. Where the Hominid lived.

D. The Information of Tooth Enamel.

（2）Before the two scientists' findings, most people thought that hominids ________.

[　　]

A. lived half a million years ago

B. ate mainly fruits and leaves

C. used tools to dig grass

D. had sharp teeth

（3）The two scientists' findings were mainly based on the study about ________.

[　　]

A. the shape of hominid teeth

B. the teeth marks of early fruit eaters

C. the grasses of 3 million years ago

D. the make-up of the tooth enamel

（4）What is it that Prof. Ungar finds doubtful?

[　　]

A. Hominids possibly ate grass-eating animals.

B. Hominids probably had different diets.

C. Hominids were basically fruit-and-grass eaters.

D. Hominids had lower level of carbon-13 in their teeth.

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案.

　　LONDON（Reuters）Organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep. That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.

　　“Organic produce is always better,”Gold said.“The food is free of pesticides（农药）, and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally（本地）grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences--but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic produces. And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported（进口）to meet growing demand. “The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market,” said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.

（1）More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because _______.

[　　]

A. they are getting richer

B. they can get the food anywhere

C. they consider the food free of pollution

D. they like home-grown fruit

（2）Which of the following statements is true to the facts about most organic produce sold in Britain?

[　　]

A. It grows indoors all year round.

B. It is produced outside Britain.

C. It is grown on family farms.

D. It is produced on large farms.

（3）What is the meaning of“the organic trend”as the words are used in the text?

[　　]

A. growing interest in organic food

B. better quality of organic food

C. rising market for organic food

D. higher prices of organic food

（4）What is the best title for this news story?

[　　]

A. Organic food--healthy, or just for the wealthy?

B. The making of organic food in Britain.

C. Organic food--to import or not?

D. Good qualities of organic food

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案.

　　In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers（探险者）landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the“moon people”they met. In turn, the “moon people” expressed their surprise. “Why,” they asked,“are you traveling to outer space when you don't even use your inner space?”

　　H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the“moon people”asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.

　　Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The“Chunnel”, a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France, is now complete.

　　But what about underground cities? Japan's Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called“Alice Cities.”The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome（太阳能穹顶）would cover the whole city.

　　Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth's space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells'“moon people”would agree. Would you?

（1）The explorers in H.G. Wells' story were surprised to find that the“moon

people”________.

[　　]

A. knew so much about the earth

B. understood their language

C. lived in so many underground cities

D. were ahead of them in space technology

（2）What does the underlined word“it”（paragraph 2）refer to?

[　　]

A. Discovering the moon's inner space.

B. Using the earth's inner space.

C. Meeting the“moon people”again.

D. Traveling to outer space.

（3）What sort of underground systems are already here with us?

[　　]

A. Offices, shopping areas, power stations.

B. Tunnels, car parks, shopping areas.

C. Gardens, car parks, power stations.

D. Tunnels, gardens, offices.

（4）What would be the best title for the text?

[　　]

A. Alice Cities--cities of the future.

B. Space travel with H.G. Wells.

C. Enjoy living underground.

D. Building down, not up.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案.

　　The opinion of many engineers is that the architects that designed the New York World Trade Center Twin Towers did a good job in designing the buildings. The buildings were safe from the hazards envisioned at the time. Indeed, they were designed to withstand the force of aircraft that might crash into them. They were not, however, designed to withstand the effects of the very high temperatures generated by the ignition of tons of aviation fuel carded by the aircraft.

　　Steel lightly covered with concrete is the main structural component of the towers and steel loses a lot of structural strength when heated to 1100 degrees Centigrade and beyond, as it was. To shield the steel the towers beams were coated with a few centimeters of concrete. That insulation was to provide structural integrity for at least I hour of fire. The towers met that test. The south tower lasted 62 minutes. The north; 103 minutes. Tragedy followed when not all could escape prior to the collapse.

　　Most experts agree that the Twin Towers were very well-designed, many also agree that the people planning the attacks were very knowledgeable and aimed the aircraft at a height that would effect the most damage. The aircraft crash and the resulting fuel fed fires were aimed at about the 90th floor. That was just high enough to insure that the upper floors would weaken with the heat and crack down, dropping into the remaining part of the building.

　　The mass of the falling top floors created such a falling load that some experts estimate it exceeded by 5 to 10 times normal bearing loads. The effect was like a giant hammer, each floor contributing more weight to be born by the next floor down.

　　Were the Trade Towers well designed? Engineers say yes. But the public

believes that architects will never again design a tall building without considering the effects of terrorist attacks of all potential kinds. That not only includes the ability of the structure to withstand attack but the means to allow the buildings occupants to escape in time to survive.

（1）Many engineers after September 11 believe that the Twin Towers were well designed because ________.

[　　]

A. it could withstand aircraft crashing into it

B. it could withstand any natural hazards such as earthquake or fire

C. it had an appealing and elegant appearance until they were destroyed

D. they had the miserable honor of being selected as the target of terrorist attack

（2）According to the article, those who designed the tower could have done better if ________.

[　　]

A. the tower lasted longer after being attacked

B. the tower held stable until all of the people inside managed to escape

C. the tower was immune to such attacks

D. they considered more about the effects of the very high temperatures on the structure

（3）As we know from the 3rd paragraph, many people believe that _______.

[　　]

A. the attack was led by Bin Laden

B. those who directed the attack was better engineers than those who built the towers

C. those who directed the attack know quite a lot about the towers

D. the attack was made spontaneously

（4）The part of the building below 90th floor ________.

[　　]

A. remained where they were

B. cracked down because of the burning

C. was hammered down by the falling upper part

D. was safe after the attack

（5）The author believe that the Twin towers ________.

[　　]

A. were not well-designed

B. were well-designed

C. were good examples for engineers of our time

D. were out of consideration when we talk about engineering later

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案.

　　Early in this century, a horse named Hans amazed the people of Berlin by his extraordinary ability to perform rapid calculations in mathematics. After a problem written on a blackboard placed in front of him, he promptly counted out the answer by tapping the low numbers with his right forefoot and multiples of ten with his left. Trickery was ruled out because Hans's owner, unlike other owners of other Performing animals, did not profit financially and Hans even performed his feats whether or not the owner was present. The psychologist O. Pfungst witnessed one of these performances and became convinced that there had to be a more logical explanation than the uncanny intelligence of a horse.

　　Because Hans performed only in the presence of an audience that could see the blackboard and therefore knew the correct answer, Pfungst reasoned that the secret lay in observation of the audience rather than the horse. He finally discovered that as soon as the problem was written on the blackboard, the audience bent forward very slightly in anticipation to watch Hans's forefeet. As slight as that movement was, Hans perceived it and took it as his signal to begin tapping. As his taps approached the correct number, the audience became tense with excitement and made almost imperceptible movements of the head which signaled Hans to stop counting. The audience, simply by expecting Hans to stop when the correct number was reached, had actually told the animal when to stop. Pfungst clearly demonstrated that Hans's intelligence was nothing but a mechanical response to his audience, which unwittingly communicated the answer by its body language.

（1）Why was Hans's performance considered amazing by his audience?

[　　]

A. Horses usually can't do math problems.

B. Hans was faster than the average horse.

C. Hans's owner didn't make a profit.

D. Hans obviously enjoyed his unusual work.

（2）Which of the following statements is the most important about what Pfungst concluded regarding Hans's performance?

[　　]

A. The performance had to be in front of an audience.

B. The audience already knew the answer.

C. Hans's response was mechanical.

D. Body language can communicate expectations.

（3）If Hans were a man instead of a horse, he could have enhanced his act by ________.

[　　]

A. adding a few magic tricks

B. doing calculus problems

C. removing the blackboard

D. paying even closer attention to the audience

（4）Why does the author use the words logical and reasoned in connection with psychologist Pfungst?

[　　]

A. To make him seem more intelligent than the audience.

B. To emphasize the scientific validity of the discovery.

C. Because they contrast with body language.

D. Because they are the basis of spoken language.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案.

　　For a long time Chester Carlson Carried around his little black box--the invention over which he had worked and struggled for years. He showed it to the directors of twenty-one large American corporations, such as“General Electric. International Business Machines（IBM）, Lockheed, and RCA.”

　　Nobody wanted it.

　　Nobody wanted to invest a penny in it.

　　It must be painful for those directors to think of Chester Carlson now. For the little black box is the heart of the multi-billion-dollar Xerox Corporation. Carlson is the inventor of“xerography” （from two Greek words meaning “dry writing”）, the dry-printing process used in thousands and thousands of offices, businesses, industries, shops, and government agencies around the world.

　　Thanks to Carlson, it now takes minutes to copy a document which, twenty years ago, would have kept a secretary busy for a whole day. And for a few pennies anyone can have a copy of anything from cooking recipes to Greek poetry. More than thirty billion such copies are made each year.

　　When Chester Carlson went to work in a patent office in 1930, the copying methods were slow, dirty, and expensive. In his job, Carlson had to make many copies of patents for inventions. One night, after working late and painfully, he decided that somebody had better find an easier way to do it. He went to work in the kitchen of his apartment with measuring cups and cooking pots. By 1937, having developed a simple form of xerography, he applied for（申请）his first patent on the Process.

　　Then began Carlson's famous unsuccessful search for investors. Only in 1944 did the Battelle Memorial Institute of Columbus. Ohio, agree to spend $ 3,000 for research on Carlson's invention. According to the agreement. Carlson was to receive 25 percent of all profits; his share would rise to 40 percent if he could repay Battelle the $ 3,000 within five years. This part of the agreement later brought millions of dollars to Carlson who, by borrowing from his family, had managed to repay his debt in time.

　　Even with Battelle's help, it took another year to find a company willing to buy Carlson's process. In 1945, Dr. John H. Dessauer, director of research of the Haloid Company（maker of copying machines）, decided to adopt and market the process, which was then named“Xerox.”Three years later, the Haloid Company had changed its own name to become the Xerox Corporation. It is now the thirty-ninth largest Corporation in the United States, with sales of over four billion dollars a year.

（1）Chester Carlson was ________.

[　　]

A. a director of an American corporation

B. an inventor of a copying machine

C. a company salesman

D. an office clerk in a company

（2）What was Carlson's job in the patent office?

[　　]

A. To make copies of patents for inventions.

B. To turn a printing machine.

C. To handle all office work.

D. To help the head of the office.

（3）Which of the following is NOT true?

[　　]

A. Carlson was tired of his office work.

B. Carlson was up to his neck in the work in the patent office.

C. Carlson was fond of his office work.

D. Carlson decided that somebody should find an easier way to do the copying work.

（4）After a long and painful search for investors, Carlson finally ________.

[　　]

A. received $ 3,000 for further research on his invention

B. sold his machine for $ 3,000

C. received $ 3, 000 from an institute for his patent

D. agreed to promote sales of the drying-printing process

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案.

　　Crossroads is a resource network. We take goods Hong Kong doesn't want and give them to people who badly need them. We collect those goods and give them out in the welfare arena（福利院）in Hong Kong, Mainland China, elsewhere in Asia, Eastern Europe and Africa. So Crossroads is just that: a Crossroads between need and resource.

　　The welfare agencies we help do not run on large budgets（预算）. They are grass-root groups who have seen a need and tried to meet it. They can't get the job done without back-up, though, so our task is to help them do their task. Our warehouse is full of goods, from computers to high chairs, clothing to books, stationery to medical provision, cupboards to dining sets. They send us a list of their needs and we try to match it with the resource we have in stock.

　　Crossroads itself also operates on a low budget. We do not buy the goods we send. They are donated（捐赠）. Similarly, rather than raising funds for freight（货运）, we ask transport companies to donate their services. Nobody in our organization receives a salary. Even our full-time staff work on a voluntary basis.

　　●Factories　　　　　　　　●Manufacturers

　　●Hospitals　　　　　　　　●Hotels

　　●Educational Institutions　　●Householders

　　●Transport Companies　　　●Offices

　　●Other Charities

　　One resource that we are always in need of is people. While we receive large quantities of goods and there is never a short supply of requests for them, we are always in need of hands to help sort and prepare them for shipping.

　　We are always in need of people. We have a lot of tasks. If you are volunteering regularly, we can offer work in some of the following categories, some of the time. You are welcome to number your top three choices and we will do our best to accommodate（提供）them.

　　●Clothing categorization　　　　　 ●Sewing

　　●Toy categorization　　　　　　　 ●Furniture handling

　　●Book categorization　　　　　　　●Driving

　　●Household goods categorization　　●Office work

　　●Electrical goods categorization　　 ●Book keeping

　　●Stationery categorization　　　　　●Fund-raising

　　●Medical categorization

Tues--Sat.

10am--5∶30pm

Postal Address:

16Man Tong, Silvermine Bay, Landau Island,

Hung Kong

Office details:

Ph: 2984 9309, 2740 9657

Fax: 2984 7452

Email: 106122. 2524@compuserve. com.

（1）Crossroads International is ________.

[　　]

A. a welfare agency

B. a place to store goods donated

C. an organization to collect goods for those who need them

D. an organization run by the government

（2）People in poor areas can't get help from the Crossroads if they need ______.

[　　]

A. toys and books

B. furniture and computers

C. fresh water and food

D. clothes and washing machines

（3）The purpose of this brochure（小册子）is mainly to ________.

[　　]

A. look for volunteers to work for Crossroads

B. call on people to donate more goods

C. let people know what Crossroads International is

D. tell people what Crossroads can provide

（4）From the above brochure, we can conclude that ________.

[　　]

A. people who work at Crossroads get low pay from it

B. Crossroads doesn't give goods directly to the people who need them

C. you can do whatever you like if you offer help at Crossroads

D. Crossroads has collected more goods than needed

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案.

　　Ernest Miller Hemingway，one of six children， was born into the family of a small town doctor at Oak Park，Illinois， on July 21，1899．His parents wanted him to become a doctor or a musician， but after graduation from high school，he began his writing career（生涯）as sports reporter for the Kansas City Star．

　　When World War I broke out，Hemingway left his job and tried to join the army．After repeated rejections，he was finally accepted as an ambulance driver with the Red Cross in Italy，where he was badly wounded two weeks before his 19th birthday．

　　After the war, Hemingway went to live in Toronto，Canada，where he worked for the Toronto Star．Two years later, in 192l，he went to work for the International News Service．in Paris．From 1921 to 1927，he lived in Europe，where he wrote his first three works：Three Short Stories and Ten Poems（1923）；In Our Time（1924），a collection of short stories；and The Torrents of Spring（1926），a novel，which went unnoticed by the public．

　　With the publication of The Sun Also Rises in 1926，Hemingway's first major success as a novelist was established．This novel is considered by many critics（评论家）to be his finest work．In 1927 Hemingway published a collection of short stories called Men Without women, The following year he returned to the United States, where he lived for the next ten years at Key West, Florida. There he worked on A Farewell to Arms（1929）, a novel based on his World War I experiences. In 1932 Hemingway published Death in the Afternoon, a moving study of bullfighting, a subject in which he had shown a constant interest both in his short stories and in The Sun Also Rises.

　　The Old Man and the Sea（1952）tells of an old Cuban fisherman who, after a run of bad luck, hooks a giant marlin. The story of the old man's struggle with the fish, of his final victory which turns into defeat as sharks attack the catch and reduce it to a skeleton, ends with the words,“Man is not meant for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”The novel led to Hemingway's receiving the Pulitzer Prize given each year for distinguished American fiction.

　　In 1954 the Swedish Academy awarded him the Noble Prize for Literature for“his powerful, style-forming mastery of the art of modern narration, as most recently revealed in The Old Man and the Sea.”

（1）Ernest Hemingway has ever been a (an) ________ Which is wrong?

[　　]

A. sports report

B. soldier

C. short-story writer

D. actor

（2）Hemingway joined the army ________.

[　　]

A. right after graduation from high school

B. as a volunteer

C. in Italy as an ambulance driver

D. without any difficulties

（3）Hemingway was first successful ________.

[　　]

A. after he wrote his first work In Our Time

B. with the publication of The Sun Also Rises

C. When The Old Man and the Sea was published

D. when he worked for the Kansas City Star

（4）How many books of Hemingway are talked in this passage?

[　　]

（5）Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature after ________ was published.

[　　]

A. Men Without Women

B. The Old Man and the Sea

C. The Sun Also Rises

D. In our Time

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案.

Dear editor:

　　You can find language pollution whenever you open a newspaper or turn on your TV set, listen to a popular song at various advertisements (广告). Language pollution exists almost everywhere and can be seen in the following places:

    1.Chinese characters are written in the complex (复杂的) form. Although simplified (简化的) Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems that more and more people like Chinese characters written in the complex form.

    2.Many goods are produced in China but carry foreign names, which sound strange and have no meaning at all.

    3.Words and expressions being used have a bag meaning. “Ba” (霸), which means bully in Chinese, is one example. Now there are a lot of goods, restaurants, even factories or films, with “Ba” in their names.

    4.There are too many incorrect grammatical expressions. Some films have strange names and incorrect grammatical structures (结构). “Ai ni mei shang liang”, Which means “I love you without consulting”, is grammatically incorrect and this kind of expression in now becoming popular.

    Some language experts point out that language pollution must be done away With, which is an idea shared by myself and many others.

Fan Yongqian, Shanxi

(1)The writer of the letter suggests that ________.

[　　]

A．something be done to make our language pure

B．the Chinese language not have the word “ba”

C．everything have a good name and a good meaning

D．everybody try their best to stop pollution

(2)What the writer wants to say is that ________.

[　　]

A．great difference exists between the Chinese characters written in the complex form and simplified form

B．out newspapers, TV programs, pop songs and advertisements are getting polluted

C．many people agree with the experts on language pollution in China

D．some film writers haven't studied Chinese grammar

(3)The expression “do away with” in the last paragraphmeans means “________”.

[　　]

(4)What do you guess Fan Yongqian is? He or she probably is ________.

[　　]

A．a language expert

B．a singer of pop songs

C．a reader

D．an expert of grammar

(5)Choose the best title for the passage.

[　　]

A．More Attention to Grammar

B．Pollution of Out Language

C．Experts' Good Advice

D．Films with Strange Names