阅读理解

　　In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition(获得) of each new skill- the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby may be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child may be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm (eagerness) for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

　　Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality(准时)for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the children's happiness.

　　As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency(一惯性) is very important teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality(道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept(规则)”. If they are not sincere and don't practise what they preach(teach), their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure(不稳定) when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

　　A student's awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

1．Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills ________.

[　　]

A．should be avoided

B．is universal among parents

C．sets-up dangerous states of worry in the children

D．will make him lose interest in learning new things

2．In the process of children's learning new skills parents ________.

[　　]

A．should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

B．should not expect too much of them

C．should achieve a balance between pushing them too much and leaving them on their own

D．should create as many learning opportunities as possible

3．The word “precept” probably means ________.

[　　]

4．In moral matters, parents should ________.

[　　]

A．observe the rules themselves

B．be aware of the marked difference between adults and children

C．forbid things which have no foundation in morality

D．consistently ensure the safety of their children

阅读理解

　　SOUTHPORT ENGLAND－A British teaching union famous for strange ideas has supported proposal to employ dogs as classroom assistants.

　　At the annual conference of the Professional Association of Teachers in Southport, northwest of England, one person suggested properly trained dogs be able to keep order in primary schools. They can round up lost children and protect those who experience unfortunate “accidents.”, Wendy Dyble, a Sheetland Islands woman who teaches children up to age seven, made it clear to her fellow friends that she was not “barking mad”. They obviously believed her, supporting her idea by 16 votes to 13, with a total of 63 abstentions(弃权).

　　She said big dogs could help round up children, keep them in line, lick up the milk they spill on the floor and provide the extra eyes that a teacher needs to keep order. “A big dog would also be helpful for breaking up fights and look for, lost property, like gym shoes or dolls,” she added. It would be nice for the teacher not to have to go around sniffing each child to find the culprit(罪犯).

　　The idea was greeted by the Dog Defense League but less so by bigger teaching unions. A spokesman for Education Secretary David Blunkett, who is blind, said his guide dog was always popular with pupils when he visited schools. The Professional Association of Teachers, with around 35,000 members, is the smallest teaching union in Britain. It has an honor for occasional strange ideas.

　　Earlier this week, its annual conference here suggested stopping exams because they lead to stress and introducing selection at the age of 12 based on physical coordination and manual skill in the use of heads.

1．According to the writer's opinion. to employ dogs as classroom assistants ________.

[　　]

A．is a wonderful idea

B．can improve the relation between children and animals

C．is beyond ordinary people's minds

D．can make some teachers lose their jobs

2．What Dyble said at the conference ________.

[　　]

A．frightened everyone at the conference

B．gained some support from the members

C．caused some trouble to the trained dogs

D．interested everyone at the conference

3．A spokesman for Education Secretary ________.

[　　]

A．once used a dog as classroom assistant

B．sang high praise for Dyble's idea

C．would employ dogs as teachers

D．benefited from dogs more than others

阅读理解

　　Every living thing has a physical boundary(分界线) that separated it from its external environment. Beginning with the bacteria and the simple cell and ending with man, every organism has a certain limit which marks where it begins and ends.

　　Anyone who has had experience with dogs, particularly in the countryside such as on farms, is familiar with the way in which the dog handles space. In the first place, the dog knows the limits of his aster's yard and will defend it against encroachment. There are also certain places where he steeps: a spot next to the fireplace, a spot in the kitchen, or one in the dinning room if he is allowed there. In short a dog has fixed points to which he returns time after time depending upon the occasion. One can also observe that the dog creates zone he is in, a trespasser(非法进入者) can cause different behaviours when he crosses the invisible lines which are meaningful to the dog.

　　This is particularly noticeable in females with pup-pies. A mother who has a new litter(一胎所生的小动物) in a little-used barn wall claim the barn as her territory. When the door opens she may make a slight movement or stir in one corner. Nothing else may happen as the intruder moves ten or fifteen feet into the barn. Then the dog may raise her head or get up circle about and lie down as another visible boundary is crossed. One can tell about where the line is by withdrawing and watching when her head goes down. As additional lines are crossed, there will be other signals, a thumping(重击) of the tail, a low moan or a growl. One can also observe comparable behavior in other vertebrates(脊椎动物)－fish, birds and mammals.

1．A dog on a farm knows ________.

[　　]

A．the size of its master's yard

B．the only fixed place where it should sleep

C．it should not sleep in the kitchen

D．the area that it should defend

2．A female dog with puppies will probably ________.

[　　]

A．attack any stranger who comes near

B．signal differently according to different occasions

C．raise her head at the sight of a stranger

D．growl when a stranger leaves her territory

3．It can be inferred from the third paragraph that mother dogs ________.

[　　]

A．have a sense of gradual territory

B．protect their babies cautiously

C．are ready to attack strangers

D．prefer to raise babies in barns

4．In the second paragraph, the underlined word “encroachment” probably means ________.

[　　]

5．Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Dogs sleep at certain places in the yard or house.

B．logs will respond to territory trespasser.

C．The boundary lines are visible and meaningful to dogs.

D．Fish, birds belong to vertebrates.

阅读理解

　　Elephants that destroy crops and damage trees are a serious problem in many parts of Africa. But there could be a simple and relatively safe way to stop them in their tracks, by employing the talents of the tiny African honeybee. The number of elephants in Kenya has risen over the past decade, with some disastrous results. Not only do these huge animals attack local farms, but they trample someone to death an average of once every two weeks, fuelling calls for the beasts to be killed. Now a biologist has discovered a possible deterrent(威慑): the elephants are extremely careful of trees that house honeybee hives.

　　“I am puzzled why nobody has thought of this before,” says Fritz Vollrath at the university of Oxford.“When an elephant knocks a beehive, they run and the bees will follow them for miles.” He says that placing hives of the honeybee strategically around local farms could be an effective way to deter the animals. Vollrath put 30 unoccupied and 6 occupied beehives in some of the trees growing a hectare of bush frequently damaged by elephants on Laikipia Plateau in Kenya. On average the elephants attacked 9 out of 10 trees that didn't have hives, severely damaging a quarter. But they steered clear of all six trees with empty hives, suggesting that some had learnt not to take the risk.

　　The bees deter elephants by stinging vulnerable(易受攻击的) areas such as the eyes, belly, behind the ears and under the trunk. People could be at risk from the bees, admits Vollrath, but that may be outweighed by the risk of being killed by an elephant. Preliminary(初步的) experiments by Vollrath show that elephants also avoid the sound of angry bees played from loudspeakers.

1．What is NOT a disastrous result of the numerous elephants?

[　　]

A．Local farms are attacked and destroyed by the elephant.

B．The elephants often walk on persons and cause them to death.

C．The number of the bees is increasing rapidly.

D．About two dozen people were caused to death thanks to numerous elephants.

2．The underlined phrase “steered clear of” can be replaced by ________.

[　　]

3．We can infer that ________.

[　　]

A．African people are very afraid of elephants

B．bees can be used to drive away large elephants

C．bees don't sting people in Africa

D．sounds of bees played from loudspeaker can also frighten large elephants away

4．Which of the following is NOT true?

[　　]

A．Bees and elephants often attack each other.

B．The trunk of an elephant is seldom stung by the bees.

C．The elephant dare not go near the beehives.

D．We should deter elephants instead of killing them.

阅读理解

　　HANOT－A 15-month-old girl and a man are the latest suspected cases of bird flu(流感) infection(感染) in Vietnam, a senior health official said on Wednesday as attention turned to pigs as possible carriers for the illness. Both patients are suspected of contracting avian influenza(禽流感) strain A, also known as H5NI, Dau Ngoc Hao, deputy director of the Agriculture Ministry's Veterinary Department in Hanoi, said. They were among 15 people who fell ill with influenza in Hanoi and surrounding provinces. Twelve, most of them children, have died. The World Health Organization said on Tuesday tests conducted by a Hong Kong laboratory had confirmed that bird flu killed three of the 15.

　　Hao suspected pigs were playing a role in the transmission of bird flu to humans. “It is possible that the bird flu virus spreads from chickens to pigs before jumping to humans,” he said, but did not laborate(详细描述). Local officials said ducks and pigs were also dying in southern provinces. By Wednesday, the virus has killed nearly 1.4 million chickens in the southern provinces of Long An and Tien Giang. “The situation in southern Vietnam is still very complicated,” Hao said. Peter Cordingley, a spokesman for the WHO'S Western Pacific headquarters in Manila, said:“We're worried that the virus will latch on to a normal human influenza virus, which is extremely contagious(传染性的) and then we'll have a big problem.” Cordingley stressed there was “no evidence of human-to-human transmission” among the Vietnam flu victims. “While there are people falling sick inside families, it's more likely that the transmission-if it comes from anywhere-comes from the chickens,” he said. Hanoi declared last week that it had been struck by a fast-spreading bird flu that has hit other countries nearby, which have a vast poultry(家禽) industry.

　　South Korea, which has already killed nearly 2 million chickens and ducks, reported last Tuesday the first new case of avian flu in more than a week, dashing hopes that the outbread was subsiding(平息). Hundreds of people living in affected areas have been given blood tests, although a health official said no one had shown symptoms of the disease. Japan reported its first bird flu outbread in years on Monday.

1．We can infer that the bird flu ________.

[　　]

A．is a deadly disease to people

B．is not infected by people

C．is only infected by birds and chickens

D．suddenly broke out in Europe

2．Which of the following areas is seriously struck by the bird flu?

[　　]

3．Which of the followings is NOT true?

[　　]

A．The bird flu can be found out by testing a person's blood.

B．The bird flu is most likely to be infected through direct per-son-to-person contact.

C．In South Korea, only one person has been infected with the avian flu recently.

D．The avian flu is a disease that both human beings and animals suffer from.

4．It is possible that human beings are infected with the avian flu.

[　　]

A．by eating pork

B．by killing chickens and pigs

C．by hunting wild animals

D．by catching a cold in cold weather

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　The most striking single fact about chimpanzees is the flexibility of their social life, the lack of any rigid form of organization. It represents about as far a departure from the baboon(狒狒) type of organization as one can find among the higher primates(灵长类动物), and serves to emphasize the great variety of primate adaptations. Chimpanzees are more human than baboons, or rather they jibe better with(与……相一致) the way we like to picture ourselves, as free-wheeling individuals who tend to be unpredictable, do not take readily to(喜欢) any form of regimentation(限制), and are frequently charming. (Charm is relatively rare among baboons.)

　　Two researchers have described what they found during more than eight months spent among chimpanzees in their natural habitat the forest:“We were quite surprised to observe that there is no single distinct social unit in chimpanzee society. Not only is there no ‘family’ or ‘harem’(妻妾) organization; neither is there a ‘troop’ keep permanently together. On the contrary, individuals move about at will, alone or in small groups best described as bands, which sometimes form into large aggregations. They leave their associates if they want to, and join up with new ones without conflicts.

　　The general practice is best described as “easy come, easy go”, although there are certain group-forming tendencies. As a rule chimpanzees move about in one of four types of band: adult males only; mothers and offspring(后裔) and occasionally a few other females; adults and adolescents of both sexes, but no mothers with young and representatives of all categories mixed together. The composition of bands may change a number of times during the course of a day as individuals wander off and groups split or combine with other groups. On the other hand, certain individuals prefer one another's company. One of the researchers observed that four males often roamed together over a four-month period, and mothers often associated with their older offspring.

1．The passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．the difference between chimpanzees and baboons

B．the charm of chimpanzees

C．the flexibility(灵活性) of chimpanzees' social life

D．the similarities with chimpanzees and human beings

2．According to the first paragraph, baboons are ________.

[　　]

A．one kind of the higher primates

B．frequently very charming

C．more human than chimpanzees

D．like free-wheeling individuals who tend to be unpredictable

3．According to the author, which of the following statements proves the great variety of primate adaptations?

[　　]

A．The flexibility of chimpanzees' social life.

B．That baboons are rarely charming.

C．That chimpanzees do not take readily to any form of regimentation.

D．That the organization of chimpanzees represents a far departure from that of the baboon type.

4．After more than eight months of observation, the two researchers found out that ________.

[　　]

A．chimpanzees often form permanent families

B．individual chimpanzee never moves alone

C．there is often conflict when a chimpanzee leaves its associates and joins up with new ones

D．there is no single distinct social unit in chimpanzee society

5．Which of the following sentences is NOT a type of band in which chimpanzees move about?

[　　]

A．Adult females only.

B．Mothers and offspring and occasionally a few other females.

C．Adults and adolescents of both sexes, but no mothers with young.

D．Representatives of all categories mixed together.

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　In the late 1960's, many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems, and new steel-and-glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Ecologists pointed out that a cluster of tall buildings in a city often overburdens public transportation and parking lot capacities(汽车停车空间).

　　Skyscrapers are also lavish(奢侈的) consumers, and wasters, of electric power. In one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper of fice space in New York City raised the peak daily demand for electricity by 120,000 Kilowatts-enough to supply the entire city of Albany, New York, for a day.

　　Glass-walled skyscrapers can be especially wasteful. The heat loss(or gain) through a wall of half-inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical masonry wall filled with insulation board(隔热板). To lessen the strain on heating and air-conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double-gazed panels of glass, reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that reduce glare as well as heat gain. However, mirror-walled skyscrapers raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings.

　　Skyscrapers put a severe strain on a city's sanitation facilities(卫生设施) too. If fully occupied, the two World Trade Center towers in New York City would alone generate 2.25 million gallons of raw sewage(污水) each year as much as a city the size of Stamford, Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109,000.

　　Skyscrapers also interfere with television reception, block bird flyways, and obstruct air traffic. In Boston in the late 1960's, some people even feared that shadows from skyscrapers would kill the grass on Boston Common.

　　Still, people continue to build skyscrapers fox all the reasons that they have always build them personal ambition, civic pride, and the desire of owners to have the largest possible amount of rentable space.

1．According to the passage, what is one disadvantage of skyscrapers that have glass walls?

[　　]

A．The surrounding air is heated.

B．The glass is easily broken.

C．Construction cost is increased.

D．Extra air-conditioning equipment is needed.

2．According to the passage, in the late 1960's some residents of Boston were concerned with which aspect of skyscrapers?

[　　]

A．The noise and dirt from their construction.

B．The harmful effects on the city's grass.

C．The obstruction of air traffic in Boston.

D．The interference with television reception.

3．The author raises issues that would most concern which of the following groups?

[　　]

4．What may be the most probable reason for the erecting of two world Trade Center towers?

[　　]

A．Personal ambition.

B．Civic pride.

C．Desire of owners to have the largest possible a-mount of rent able space.

D．To animal attention.

5．The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

[　　]

A．describe skyscrapers and their effect on the environment

B．prove skyscrapers are superior to other modern structures.

C．advocate the use of double-glazed panels of glass

D．illustrate many architectural materials and designs of skyscrapers

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　The fact that blind people can “see” things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our feelings about color. If they can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.

　　Manufacturers have discovered by trial and error(反复试验) that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and the cosmetics(化妆品) should never be packaged in brown. The discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of color psychology that now finds application in everything from fashion to interior decoration(室内装修).

　　Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive. For primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw as red, the color of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-preservation.

　　Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their physiological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat, and blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting connotations, red was chosen as the signal for danger, but closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness(警戒) and alarm. So fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.

1．Manufacturers have discovered that color affects sales ________.

[　　]

A．by experimenting with different wrappings

B．by experiment with different colors

C．by experience over a long period of time

D．by studying the discipline of color psychology

2．Our preferences for certain color are ________.

[　　]

A．associated with the color of sky

B．concerned with man's activity

C．related to our characters

D．partly due to psychological factors

3．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．People exposed to bright red might feel calm.

B．People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly.

C．Bright yellow can be used to indicate alertness and alarm.

D．The psychology of color is of some particular use.

4．What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as ________.

[　　]

A．Color and Feelings

B．The Application of Mixed Colors

C．Colors and Our Preferences

D．Colors and Experiments

5．Which of the following can best substitute the word “connotation” in the last paragraph?

[　　]

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hat parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up; half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on line service. Death NET. Says Hofsess: “We posted bulletins all day long, because, of course, this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.”

　　The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ⅲ law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right to life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste(急忙) of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia-where an aging population, life extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia(安乐死), In the US and Canada, where the right to die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.

　　Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death-probably by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed(诊断) as terminally ill by two doctors. After a “cooling off” period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54 year old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ⅲ law means he can get on with living without the haunting(不易忘怀的) fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. “I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks.”he says.

1 From the second paragraph we learn that ________.

[　　]

A．the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries

B．physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia

C．changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law

D．it takes time to realize the significance of the law's passage

2．When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________.

[　　]

A．face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia

B．experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient

C．have an intense fear of terrible suffering

D．undergo a cooling-off period of seven days

3．The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________.

[　　]

4．Under the new Northern territory law, an adult patient, once diagnosed as terminally ill, can practice euthanasia ________.

[　　]

5．Which of the following is not the reason for sanctification of euthanasia?

[　　]

A．An aging population.

B．Development of life extending technology.

C．Changing attitude towards death.

D．Over population of the world.

阅读理解

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Many people believe the glare(炫目的光) from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, with dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of “snow light”.

　　The United States army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on(聚集) in a broad space of snow-covered without-grass land. So his gaze continually moves and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding something, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become tired and the eye muscles ache. Nature makes up for this discomfort by producing more and more fluid(流体) which covers the eyeball. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until it makes eyes difficult to see dearly, and the result is total, even though for a short time, snowblindness.

　　Experiments led the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts(侦察兵) ahead of the troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they cross completely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark-colored objects ahead on which they can focus too. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop searching the snowblanketed landscape. By focusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a continuous white land is overcome.

1．To prevent snowblindness caused by the strong light from snow, wearing glasses or not ________.

[　　]

A．depends on whether the snow is white enough

B．makes no difference

C．makes much difference

D．depends on whether the snow is thick

2．When the eyes are tired, tears flow out ________.

[　　]

A．to clear the vision

B．to make the eyes stop searching

C．to make the vision unclear

D．to produce more and more liquid

3．Snowblindness can be avoided ________.

[　　]

A．by moving one's gaze back and forth

B．by walking ahead and keeping looking around

C．by making up for the discomfort of one's eyes

D．by providing the eyes with something to focus on

4．What is the probable meaning of the underlined part “Their gaze is arrested” (in paragraph 3)?

[　　]

A．They get something to look at.

B．They can only look at one spot.

C．Their eyes are clear.

D．They can't see freely.