阅读理解

　　A greenhouse is a building made of glass which is used for keeping plants warm when the outside temperature is low. In a similar way there are several gasses in the atmosphere which trap(捕捉) the heat produced by the sun and prevent it from escaping. These gasses are known as “greenhouse gasses”, and the way in which they trap heat in the atmosphere is called the “greenhouse effect”. This is not simply air pollution. Most of the main greenhouse gasses exist naturally in small amounts in our atmosphere, and without them earth would be 30 degrees colder and human life would not exist. In other words, the greenhouse effect is a natural course which is to some degree helpful to us.

　　The problem is that in the last century and a half, we have been putting too much of these gasses into the earth's atmosphere by burning large quantities of coal and oil and by cutting down forests. The rapid increase in greenhouse gasses is making the world warmer. The world's temperature has already gone up by half a degree this century, and the sea level has risen by 10 centimetres. If the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles, there will probably be a rise in the earth's temperature between 1 and 4. This may seem a small increase, but it would be enough to cause major changes in geography and agriculture. Large areas of the world would be flooded, and some areas would become dry and unable to produce crops：It is important, too, to consider that there may be a delay of about 30 years in the greenhouse effect. This means that we are probably experiencing only now the effect of the gasses put into the atmosphere before 1960s. Since then, our use of these gasses has greatly increased.

1．“Greenhouse effect” means ________.

[　　]

A．the way in which gasses are used for keeping plants warm

B．a natural course which is to some degree helpful to us

C．the way “greenhouse gasses” trap heat on the earth

D．the whole course in which greenhouse gasses prevent heat

2．If there were no greenhouse effect, ________.

[　　]

A．no plants would grow on our planet

B．earth would be thirty degrees colder

C．man could not live on the earth

D．all of the above answers are correct

3．Which of the following is not among the results of our putting too many of the greenhouse gasses into the air?

[　　]

A．The earth's temperature will rise.

B．The earth's temperature will be much lower.

C．The sea level will rise.

D．Large areas of land will be flooded.

4．Which of the following is not true?

[　　]

A．Burning too much coal and oil produces lots of greenhouse gasses.

B．It has become warmer on the earth now than in the past.

C．Gasses put into the atmosphere now will effect the earth years later.

D．The temperature in a greenhouse is as high as that in the atmosphere.

5．This passage mainly deals with ________.

[　　]

A．the concept and harm of greenhouse effect

B．the relation between greenhouse gasses and man

C．the concept and change of greenhouse effect

D．the effect of the rise of the earth's temperature

阅读理解

　　From boyhood he had been interested in astronomy(天文学), and while at Cambridge he would sit up at night to watch the stars. But he was not satisfied with the telescopes of those days because they didn't show him a clear picture of things. At first he thought there must be something wrong with the lens. But no matter how hard he tried to improve the lens; the trouble was still there.

　　This set Newton thinking. He began to study the nature of light and colors. In the end he found that sunlight, or white light, is actually made up of a row of colors. He counted seven colors in all. This was of course a great discovery. But Newton still wasn't satisfied His mind was busy with another problem. Before Newton's time, scientists had already discovered that the sun, not the earth, was the centre of the other planets moving round the sun. But they couldn't explain why this was so until Newton gave the answer.

　　One autumn evening while Newton was sitting under an apple tree thinking over these problems, he saw the moon rise in the sky. Why, he asked himself, should the moon go round the earth, never leaving the same path? At that moment, he heard an apple drop from the tree. Why didn't it go sideways or fly up?

　　There seemed to be only one reason：the earth was drawing it－that is the force of gravity. If a stone is tied to the end of a string and whirled around, it will fly round and round in circles because of the string. In the same way, the force of gravity, thought Newton, must be the force that keeps the moon going round the earth and the planets round the sun.

1．This passage mainly tells us ________.

[　　]

A．Newton gave the right answer to the making up of the sunlight

B．Newton found that the moon goes round the earth

C．how Newton made two of his greatest discoveries

D．why Newton made two of his greatest discoveries at home

2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Newton made only two discoveries in his lifetime.

B．Finding nothing wrong with the lens, Newton began to study the nature of light and colors.

C．Nobody could explain why the planets moved round the sun before Newton's time.

D．It was by chance that Newton discovered the force of gravity.

3．Give the right order of the events given in the passage.

a．Newton found that the sunlight is made up of a row of colors.

b．Newton wondered why the apples didn't go sideways.

c．Newton concluded that the force of gravity keeps the moon going round the earth.

d．Newton tried every means to improve the lens.

e．Newton counted the number of colors.

[　　]

4．Which of the following is nearest in meaning to “They couldn't explain why this was so until Newton gave the answer.”?

[　　]

A．Newton gave the answer because they couldn't explain why.

B．Newton couldn't explain why unless they gave the answer.

C．It was Newton who gave the answer.

D．Newton was the first to give the answer.

阅读理解

　　The hands, the eyes and the brain work together to make human beings different from other animals. No other animals have all three parts to work together. No animals can do what human beings can do. Humans can do many things and feel many things with the hand. The hand can hold onto things and make things because the thumb(拇指) works with the other fingers. This fifth finger is strong. Most animals don't have thumbs. The thumb can press against the other fingers. Without the thumb to press against the fingers, it is difficult to hold onto anything. The thumb and fingers can also fit the flat surface of a box and the curved(不平的) surface of a pencil. We can feel that something is hot or cold, soft or hard, smooth or rough. The hand, with the thumb and fingers, is one of the best tools we have.

　　Most animals see a flat picture. Their eyes can only see how high and how wide something is. Some animals see different pictures with each eye. Some don't see in color. Humans see one picture with both eyes working together. We can see how high and how wide something is. We can also see how far in front of or in back of something a thing is. The brain tells other parts of the body how to work. Some of the things the body does are automatic; that is, we don't have to think about them. For example, we don't have to think to make our heart beat or our stomach work. The brain tells the eyes and hands how to make useful and beautiful things. That is how human beings become toolmakers and artists. That is how humans can have richer and better lives than other animals.

1．Human beings are different from other animals because ________.

[　　]

A．humans have the hands, the eyes, and the brain working all the time

B．other animal also have the brain, the eyes, but no hands

C．human. beings work together with animals

D．the hands, the eyes, and the brain of the human can work together

2．According to the passage when you say you hold onto something, you mean ________.

[　　]

A．you have it in your hand and keep it there by putting your fingers firmly round it

B．you have it in your arms and keep it there by putting your fingers firmly round it

C．you feel it with your hands

D．you press the fingers of your right hand against those of your left hand

3．The writer tells us that no animals can do what humans can do. He gives a few facts to support the idea. One of them is that ________.

[　　]

A．most animals don' t see in color

B．the humans see a thing with both eyes working together

C．only humans can see how high and how wide a thing is

D．some animals can see only one picture

4．Humans don't have to think when ________.

[　　]

5．People who make beautiful things are usually called ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　Do you have bright ideas? Ideas for inventions that change society or, at least, make life easier for somebody. Perhaps we all do sometimes, but we don't often make the idea come true. Recently, in Britain, there was a competition called British Designers for Tomorrow. The competition encouraged young people to carry out their bright ideas. There were two groups in the contest：Group One was for school children under 16; Group Two was for school children over 16. And there were eleven prize－owners altogether.

　　Neil Hunt, one of the prize owners, was called “Sunshine Superman”. It is important when people study the weather to be able to record sunshine. We need to know how many hours of sunshine we have and how strong it is. Most sunshine records only record direct sunlight. Neil's is accurate and this is very important for research into ways of using its power.

　　You can do so much with animated cartoons(动画片). Look at Simon West's idea for animated road signs. He uses pictures which appear to move as you go nearer to or farther from them. This isn't a new idea. But it is new to use these pictures on road signs. “We found that people were likely to see moving things.” said Simon. So now, you can really see rocks falling, trains moving; houses running or car falling over the edge of a cliff(悬崖). Quite a warning!

　　The ideas in the competition were so inventive that we are surprised that the British industry doesn't ask more school children for suggestions. Perhaps this will be the start of “pupil power”!

1．The writer holds that people seldom ________.

[　　]

A．have bright ideas

B．make their bright ideas come true

C．make their life easier

D．think of inventing something

2．The organizers of the competition hoped the school children who took part in it would ________.

[　　]

A．become good designers for future Britain

B．invent something for immediate use

C．design something useful for the next day

D．win as many prizes as they could

3．Neil Hunt's design would finally lead to the improvement of the way of ________.

[　　]

A．recording direct sunshine

B．recording the hours of sunshine

C．using the energy of the sun

D．knowing how strong the sunlight is

4．What is the use of Simon West's animated road designs?

[　　]

A．To warn people to be careful while working.

B．To warn people on the roads of the danger ahead.

C．To add to the beauty of the city.

D．To help to make a car trip more exciting.

5．The writer seems to be encouraging the British industry to ________.

[　　]

A．take better care of school children

B．help school children in their studies

C．stop asking school children for suggestions

D．pay more attention to school children's inventive power

阅读理解

　　While the artificial (man－made) hand is considerably less useful than the natural one, there may be some jobs that it can do more efficiently. From time to time we have to do rather difficult jobs and feel that one of our fingers is getting in the way. It is possible that on these occasions a specially designed artificial limb(肢体) would be more efficient.

　　Scientists are now studying ways of increasing the power of the human limb, or rather, of its muscles. A machine under development, known as a “man－amplifier(放大器)” consists of a framework which the operator wears. Every movement he makes is repeated by the steel framework he is wearing, but the power which moves the parts of the frame comes from hydraulic(水力的) motors. If the operator bends down to pick something up, the work is done not by his own weak muscles but by the hydraulic motors, which makes it possible for him to lift 450 kilograms in each hand.

　　Another machine called a “HardiMan” has two arms and hands which repeat every movement of the operator's arms and hands, but with much more strength. In this device(装置) the operator controls the movements directly. But just as the operations of a distant unmanned spaceship circling the moon can be controlled by radio signals, so also such devices could be radio－controlled. An astronaut exploring an unknown planet could send out a robot which would do the job for him and send back information. Will the day ever come when the machine, more powerful than man and controlled by a computer brain, takes over from its human inventor?

1．This passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．the weakness of the human limb

B．the power and strength of the artificial hand

C．the use of robots in industry

D．the operation of the artificial hand in space exploration

2．According to the passage, the artificial hand is ________.

[　　]

A．better than the natural hand and very widely used

B．slower in doing some rather difficult jobs

C．operated by a strong man

D．being tried and tested to help people in some ways

3．In the passage, the writer tells us that a “man－amplifier” and a “HardiMan” ________.

[　　]

A．are both driven by hydraulic motors

B．are both controlled by radio signals

C．move as their operators' hands do

D．make it possible to work without natural hands

4．The advantage of a “HardiMan” over a “man－amplifier” mentioned in the passage is ________.

[　　]

A．it can be controlled from a distance

B．it can work with more strength and pick up more weight

C．it is more powerful and easier to operate

D．it is smaller in size

5．The writer of this passage believes that ________.

[　　]

A．artificial hands can take the place of natural ones in doing certain jobs with greater efficiency

B．man seems powerless in face of machines

C．natural hands cannot be compared with artificial. ones

D．machines will eventually(必定) get out of the control of their human inventors

阅读理解

　　Today it seems perfectly natural for us to shake hands when we greet someone or say good－bye. But like so many things that we do without thinking, such actions at one time probably represented(代表) something.

　　For example, in primitive(原始的) life the hand was probably a symbol of power and strength. And the hand was used to fight enemies, kill animals and make spears and other tools. So, when the hand was extended to someone, it could have represented good will, since it showed that the person was not armed or ready for fight.

　　We know that the hand was an important symbol in early religion, probably as a mark of power. The Greeks prayed to their gods with raised hands. Presenting the hands palm to palm was at one time the way an inferior(身份低的) person paid respect to a superior(身份高的) one.

　　Among the Arabs, it was customary at one time to kiss the hand of a superior. Later on, polite Arabs began to resist the efforts of people to kiss their hands, and sometimes they would end up in shaking hands as each tried to prevent the other from showing this mark of “inferiority”(下级).

　　The early Greeks held out the right hand when they wished to show friendship to a stranger. So we can see that the hand, and what was done with it, was full of meaning to people down through the ages. And while we shake hands without thinking, we are really carrying on a custom that has been handed down to us from ancient times.

1．The second paragraph tells us that ________.

[　　]

A．the handshake didn't mean greeting

B．the handshake showed men's strength

C．the handshake showed men's kindness

D．the handshake showed nothing

2．Human beings first made their lives ________.

[　　]

3．Among the Arabs, at one time, ________.

[　　]

A．people kissed each other whenever they met

B．men kissed women whenever they met

C．less important person kissed more important person' s hand

D．more important person kissed less important person' s hand

4．Generally speaking, in different countries ________.

[　　]

A．people shake hands in the same way

B．handshake has different meanings

C．strangers never have handshake

D．people only use handshake to show friendship

5．The phrase “hand down” in the last sentence means ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　There are no exact differences between physics and other natural sciences because all sciences overlap(重叠). In general, however, physics is the scientific study of forces and qualities such as heat, light, sound, pressure, gravity and electricity, and the ways they affect other objects.

　　One major branch of physics deals with states of matter－solids, liquids and gasses－and with their motions. The pioneer achievements of Galileo, Kepler and Newton deal with solid masses of matter in motion. Such studies deal with forces acting on moving objects. It is the subject of mechanics(机械) and belongs to the branch of mechanics called dynamics(动力学), the study of matter in motion. This large topic includes not only the motions of stars and ping－pong balls but also the motions of the water pumped by a fire engine and those of the air passing through the jet engine of an airplane.

　　A branch of mechanics is called statics(静力学), the study of matter at rest. The design of buildings and bridges are examples of problems in statics. Other branches of physics are based on the different kinds of energy which interact with matter. They deal with electricity and magnetism(磁力), heat, light and sound. From these branches of physics, scientists find clues which have revealed(揭示) the constructions of atoms and how the atoms react to various kinds of energy. This knowledge is often called the basis of modern physics. Among the many subdivisions(细的分支) of modern physics are electronics and nuclear physics. Physics is closely related to engineering. A person who uses knowledge of physics in solving everyday problems is often called an engineer. For example, electricity is one of branches of physics; and an electrical engineer is a man who uses the “natural laws” of electricity to help in designing an electric generator(发电机).

1．Physics is not exactly different from other natural sciences because ________.

[　　]

A．physics and other natural sciences have parts in common

B．it is the scientific study of forces and qualities such as heat, light and sound

C．it studies the ways in which forces and qualities affect other objects

D．it is a part of other natural sciences

2．The following statements are included in the study of dynamics except ________.

[　　]

A．the design and construction of skyscrapers

B．the motions of heavenly bodies

C．the motion of water pumped by a fire engine

D．the motion of the air passing through the jet engine of an airplane

3．Among many branches of modern physics is ________.

[　　]

4．“This knowledge” in paragraph three refers to ________.

[　　]

A．electricity and magnetism, light and sound

B．the construction of atoms and their reactions to various kinds of energy

C．the basis of modern physics

D．electronic and nuclear physics

5．The passage is mainly about ________.

[　　]

A．the changes in our life brought about by physics

B．the states and motions of solids, liquids and gasses

C．the interactions of matter with different kinds of energy

D．the branches of knowledge making up the science of physics

阅读理解

　　As the horizons of science have been expended, two main groups of scientists have formed. One is pure scientist; the other is the applied scientist.

　　The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order to understand the basic laws of nature that govern(支配) our world. The applied scientist adapts(使适应) this knowledge to practical problems. Neither is more important than the other, however, for the two groups are very much related.

　　Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the “problems” for the theoretical scientist to work on. Let's take a particular problem of the aircraft metals. Many of the metals which work well in a car cannot be used in a jet plane, because the jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than an automobile engine, so aircraft designers have to turn to the researchers for the development of metals that would do the job in jet planes.

　　Dividing scientists into two group－pure and applied－is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize(专门化). Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision(再划分). And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more related until no one branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialists(专业) have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more sciences.

1．The applied scientist ________.

[　　]

A．does original research to understand the basic laws of nature

B．applies the results of research to practical problems

C．provides the basic knowledge for the pure scientist

D．is not interested in practical problems

2．Concerning the relative importance of pure and applied scientists, the writer thinks that ________.

[　　]

A．applied scientists are more important

B．pure scientists are more important

C．neither is important

D．both are equally important

3．The example given in the third paragraph shows how ________.

[　　]

A．pure science operates independently of applied science

B．applied scientists discover the basic laws of nature

C．applied science defines all the areas where the basic research is done

D．applied scientist suggests problems for the pure scientists

4．In the example given, the aircraft designer represents the ________.

[　　]

A．applied scientist

B．pure scientist

C．non－scientist

D．skilled mechanic(机械工)

5．“The horizons of science have been expended” means that ________.

[　　]

A．scientists can see further out into space

B．science has developed more research fields

C．the horizon changes size from year to year

D．scientists have made a machine for expending the horizon

阅读理解

　　A holiday jet pilot said that he would land and call the police after a woman refused to stop smoking.

　　He warned Maureen Harkavy, “Put that cigarette out, or I'll land the plane and have you arrested.”

　　Maureen, 47, was so shocked that she wrote to the airline's chairman. But his reply was even ruder. “You seem to think you have a God－given right to pollute your neighbors' atmosphere,” wrote John Ferriday of Paramount Airways.

　　(a)Maureen said, “I only found out about it when I was checking' in. I'm a nervous flyer so I lit a cigarette during the flight. A steward asked me to put it out, but I said I wanted to carry on as there was no rule against smoking on the plane.” She was just finishing her cigarette when the pilot arrived.

　　(b)“I've never seen such an unpleasant letter.” She said, “I don't think I'll ever fly again. But there was a funny side. Maureen explained, we were offered duty－free cigarettes from the stewardess on the plane!”

　　(c)Mr Ferriday went on, “Believe me. You don't have the right especially when you travel on my planes.” Maureen and her husband Michael were moved to Paramount just before they left Portugal. But they were not told of the company's no－smoking policy.

　　(d)“He was loud and rude,” said Maureen. “He said if I lit another cigarette he would land the plane at Bordeaux and hand me to the French police.”

　　Later, from her home in Mosley, Birmingham, Maureen wrote to the company and received the rude reply.

1．The latter part of the story is in wrong order. Which of the following is the right order?

[　　]

2．Which of the following statements about Maureen Harkavy is TRUE?

[　　]

A．She accepted the warning on the plane.

B．She agreed to the warning on the plane.

C．She refused to do what she was told to on the plane.

D．She was so shocked that she wrote to the airline's chairman on the plane.

3．In the answer letter to Maureen Harkavy, the airline's chairman

[　　]

A．made an apology to her for his worker's rudeness

B．made sure that he would solve the problem

C．said that she had the right to smoke on his plane because the right was given by God everyone

D．actually completely agreed with what the pilot had said

4．Form the story we can see that the writer probably takes the side of ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　Solid proof is rising that drinking tea can prevent cell damage that leads to cancer, heart disease and perhaps other ills, scientists said on Tuesday.

　　It may soon be time to add tea to the list of fruits and vegetables that experts advise Americans to eat as often as possible to reduce their risk of disease, the researchers told a meeting hosted by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the Teas Council, the American Cancer Society and other groups.

　　“In some respects, it is good to think of it as a plant food,” Jeffrey Blumberg, a nutritionist(营养学家)at Tufts University in Boston, told a news conference.

　　Blumberg said tea is full of phytochemicals(植物化学)－a wide range of molecules that can act as antioxidants(防老化剂). Such compounds work against the damage done to DNA cells by free radicals (原子团)produced by sunlight, chemicals, many foods and simply the stress of day－to－day living.

　　Damaged DNA is the first step to cancer, and is also related to heart disease.

　　Vitamins such as A and C are antioxidants, but so are compounds such as the catechins(儿茶酚)found in tea.

　　“It's taken about 30 years to fully appreciate the importance of these compounds,” Blumberg, who acts as an adviser to both the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and the Tea Council, said.

　　The USDA reported on a study suggesting that tea － drinking can also reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol(胆固醇).

1．Why may tea reduce risk of cancer and heart disease according to this passage?

[　　]

A．Because tea is very popular with the world

B．Because tea is a kind of plant food

C．Because tea contains Vitamin A and Vitamin C as well as the catechins

D．Because tea contains healthy DNA cells

2．The main purpose of this article is ________.

[　　]

A．to advise people to drink tea

B. to advise people to buy tea

C．to tell people to sell tea to make a fortune

D．to advise people to plant more tea

3．Which of the following agrees with the content of the passage?

[　　]

A．Drinking tea can kill the damaged DNA cells

B．If a person keeps drinking tea, he or she will never suffer heart disease

C．Scientists didn't understand the importance of antioxidants until 30 years ago

D．Antioxidants can prevent DNA cells from being damaged