阅读理解

　　How can we get rid of garbage? Do we have enough energy sources to meet our future energy needs? These are two important questions that many people are asking today. Some people think that men might be able to solve both problems at the same time. They suggest using garbage as an energy source.

　　For a long time, people buried garbage or dumped it on empty land. Now, empty land is scarce. But more and more garbage can be a good fuel to use. The things in garbage are not like coal, petroleum(石油), or natural gas, but they are chemically similar to the fossil fuels. As we use up our fossil fuel supplies, we might be able to use garbage as an energy source.

　　Burning garbage is not a new idea. Some cities in Europe and the U. S. have been burning garbage for years. The heat that is produced by burning garbage is used to boil water. The steam that is produced is used to make electricity of heating nearby buildings. In Paris, France, some power plants bum almost 2 million metric tons of the city garbage each year. The amount of energy produced is about the same as would be produced by burning almost a half million barrels of oil.

　　But there are problems in using garbage as a fuel. Garbage that burn easily, such as food scraps(碎屑) and paper, must be separated from metals, glass and other materials that do not burn easily. This separation process is normally costly. Another problem is that burning garbage can pollute the air.

　　Our fossil fuel supplies are limited. Burning garbage might be one kind of energy source that we can use to help meet our energy needs. This method could also reduce the amount of garbage piling up on the earth.

1．The subject of the passage might be ________.

[　　]

A．how to get rid of garbage

B．burning garbage is a good way to get rid of garbage

C．there are many problems in using garbage

D．garbage can be burned into energy source

2．Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Glass must be separated from metals before burning.

B．Burning garbage can pollute the air.

C．The separation process of garbage is expensive.

D．Burning garbage can help us meet our energy needs.

3．Why do people make use. of garbage?

[　　]

A．Empty land is becoming less and less.

B．Garbage is chemically similar to coal and petroleum.

C．Some power plants burn almost 2 million tons of garbage.

D．Both A and B.

4．What kind of method does the writer use to organize the passage?

[　　]

A．States the main idea and gives details to prove it.

B．Asks questions and provides methods to solve them.

C．Asks questions and gives examples to explain them.

D．Separately describes some facts and makes conclusions.

阅读理解

　　If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise－and as a result, we are growing old unnecessarily soon.

　　Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age, and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down.

　　With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs.

　　Computer technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain, which have something to do with intellect(智力) and feeling, and decide the human character. As we all know, the back part of the brain, which controls tasks like eating and breathing, does not contract(萎缩) with age.

　　Contraction of front and side parts－as cells die off－was seen in some people in their thirties, but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy－year－old people. Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction－using the head.

　　The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the town. Those with least possibility, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are, however, as possible to have contracting brains as the farm workers, bus drivers and shop assistants.

1．The team of doctors wanted to find out ________.

[　　]

A．at what point people grow mentally old

B．how to make people live longer

C．the size of certain people's brains

D．which people are the most clever

2．Their research findings are based on ________.

[　　]

A．an examination of farmers in northern Japan

B．tests given on a thousand old people

C．examining the brain volumes of different people

D．using computer technology

3．The doctor's tests show that ________.

[　　]

A．our brains contract as we grow older

B．one part of the brain does not contract

C．sixty－year－old people have better brains than thirty－year－olds

D．some people's brains have contracted earlier than other people' s

4．The most possible conclusion of the passage is that ________.

[　　]

A．most of us should take more exercise

B．it's better to live in the town

C．the brain contracts if it is not used

D．the more one uses his brain, the sooner he becomes old

阅读理解

　　The meanings of time differ in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures that treat time differently. Promptness(迅速，准时) is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not responsible. In the United States, no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour：it would be too impolite.

　　This way of treating time is quite different from that of several other countries. This helps to explain the unfortunate experience of a certain agriculturist from the United States assigned to duty in another country. After what seemed to him a suitable waiting period, he announced that he would like to call on the minister of agriculture. For various reasons the suggested time did not suit the minister; there were indirect indications(迹象) that the time was not yet suitable. The American, however, wanted very much for an appointment, which was finally granted(准予).

　　Arriving a little before the appointed hour ( according to the American way of showing respect), the agriculturist waited. The hour came and passed：five minutes, ten minutes, fifteen minutes. At the point he suggested to the secretary that perhaps the minister did not know he was waiting in the outer office. This gave him the feeling of having done something to solve the problem, but he had not. Twenty minutes passed, then thirty, then forty－five. To an American, there is little that can remove the damage done by an hour's wait in an outer office. Yet, in the country where this story took place, a forty－five－minute waiting period was not unusual. Instead of being the very end of the allowed waiting scale, it was just the beginning. Thus, when the American agriculturist left the office (after giving the secretary an angry message for the minister), his action seemed as unreasonable as it was impolite.

1．What does “to be prompt” mean in the passage?

[　　]

A．It means “to keep one's word”.

B．It means “to make good use of one's time”.

C．It means “to be punctual”.

D．It means “to keep good time”.

2．The minister kept the American waiting because ________.

[　　]

A．the minister didn't think it was wrong to keep people waiting

B．the appointed time didn't suit the minister

C．the minister intended to insult the American

D．the minister forgot the appointment time

3．When fifteen minutes had passed after the. appointed time, the American ________.

[　　]

A．told the secretary that he should not have been kept waiting

B．urged(催促) the secretary in some indirect way to remind the minister that he was waiting for him

C．put forward a suggestion that the secretary go and tell the minister that he was waiting

D．went about finding out whether the minister knew that he was waiting for him in the outer office

4．The American got angry after being kept waiting for nearly an hour for the appointed meeting because ________.

[　　]

5．Who would think the American's action of leaving the office angrily to be unreasonable as it was impolite?

[　　]

A．People in the United States.

B．The reader of the passage.

C．The author of the passage.

D．People in the minister's country.

阅读理解

　　“Man cannot live by bread alone,” said the proverb. But he needs bread in order to live. I am a baker, not because I can make a lot of money, nor because it is an easy life, but because I enjoy my work, and I can earn enough to live comfortably without too much worry. I make cakes; I am proud to say that they are quite famous in the neighborhood and my customers are always satisfied. Many housewives have to go out to work these days, and they are glad to come to our shop for cakes which look and taste just like those that their mothers used to make at home. I heard one man (his wife always buys my cakes) talking proudly about his wife's cooking. “We never eat cakes bought from a shop,” he said.

　　My father was a baker, too, and my grandfather before him. But they did all the hard work by hand, while we have machines which work more quickly and efficiently than men. In the bakery(面包房), we still prepare the dough(面团) for the bread at night, mixing the flour and the yeast(酵母) with water by machinery instead of by hand. We keep it at a fixed temperature. At five o'clock in the morning, the actual work begins. Two men watch as a machine cuts off pieces of the dough, and weighs them to the correct size for a loaf of bread. The men quickly shape these pieces by hand, and put them into tins which have already been prepared by another machine. A moving belt carries these along very slowly in the direction of the oven, so that even before the actual cooking begins, the dough has risen and the tins are half full. The oven is filled, the door is shut, and then the only thing left to do is to wait for the bread to cook. The finished loaves are larger still, of course, brown and crusty. They smell delicious and they taste even better.

1．The baker enjoys his work because ________.

[　　]

A．he doesn't have to work very hard

B．he has no financial problems

C．his cakes and bread are famous

D．his shop is comfortable

2．The man talked so proudly about the cakes he ate at home because ________.

[　　]

A．he didn't know his wife bought their cakes from the baker's

B．his wife made as tasteful bread as his mother

C．his wife learnt from the baker and made wonderful cakes

D．the cakes he ate at home were not bought from the baker's

3．What was the baker's grandfather according to the passage?

[　　]

A．He was a laborer doing hard work by hand.

B．He was a baker who did his job by hand.

C．He used to be a baker before his son was born.

D．The writer doesn't tell us what he was.

4．According to the passage, the dough for the bread was ________.

[　　]

A．prepared as early as five o'clock in the morning

B．prepared by two men with the help of some machines

C．kept at a place with warm temperature

D．kept at a place where the temperature was constant

5．From what the baker said, we can infer that the correct size of the pieces of the dough of his bread cut off by machines was ________.

[　　]

A．smaller than half size of the tins

B．a little larger than the size of the tins

C．half as large as the full size of the tins

D．exactly as large as the size of the tins

阅读理解

　　Money is used for buying or selling goods, for measuring value and for storing wealth. Almost every society now has a money economy based on coins and bills of one kind or another. However, this has not always been true. In primitive societies a system of barter was used. Barter was a system of direct exchange of goods. Somebody could exchange a sheep, for example, for anything in the market place that he or she considered to be of equal value. Barter, however, was a very unsatisfactory system because people's precise(确切的) needs seldom met. People needed a more practical system of exchange, and various money systems developed based on goods that the members of a society recognized as having value. Cattle, grain, teeth, shells, feathers, skulls, salt, elephant tusks, and tobacco had all been used. Precious metals gradually took over because, when made into coins, they were portable, durable(耐用的), recognizable, and divisible(可分的) into larger and smaller units of value.

　　A coin is a piece of metal, usually disc－shaped, which bears letters, designs or numbers showing its value. Until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, coins were given monetary worth based on the exact amount of metal contained in them, but most modern coins are based on face value－the value that the governments choose to give them, which doesn't show the actual metal content. Coins have been made of gold, silver, copper, aluminum, nickel, lead, zinc, plastic and in China even from tea leaves. Most governments now issue paper money in the form of bills, which are really “promises to pay”. Paper money is obviously easier to handle and much more convenient in the modern world. Checks and credit cards are being used increasingly, and it is possible to imagine a world where “money” in the form of coins and paper currency will no longer be used. Even today, in the United States, many places, especially filling stations, will not accept cash at night for security reasons.

1．Barter here means ________.

[　　]

A．exchanging goods for money

B．exchanging a sheep for anything in the market

C．exchanging goods for goods

D．exchanging money for goods

2．Why were precious metals gradually used for making coins?

[　　]

A．Because they were durable and portable. '

B．Because they were divisible.

C．Because they were recognizable.

D．All of the above.

3．Coins were given value according to the exact amount of metals contained in them ________.

[　　]

A．before the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

B．after the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

C．during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

D．between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

4．“Promises to pay” means ________.

[　　]

5．A world without any money in the form of coins and paper is ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art, Washington, D. C. has the National Gallery of art; Paris has the Louvre; London, the British Museum. Florida International University (FIU) in Miami also shows art for people to see. And it does so without a building, or even a wall for its drawings and paintings.

　　FIU has opened what it says is the first computer art museum in the United States. You don't have to visit the University to see the art, you just need a computer linked to a telephone.

　　You can call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your own computer to it. All of the art is stored in the school computer. It is computer art, produced electronically by artists on their own computers. In only a few minutes, your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings.

　　Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum. He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their works.

　　A computer artist could only record his pictures electronically and send the records, or floppy discs(光盘), to others to see on their computers. He could also put his pictures on paper.

　　But to print good pictures on paper, the computer artist needed an expensive laser(激光) printer.

　　Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mostly for art or computer students at schools and universities. Many of the pictures in the museum are made by the students. Mr. Shostak said that the FIU Museum will make computer art more fun for computer artists because more people can see it. He says artists enjoy their work much more if they have an audience. And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for the electronic museum.

1．The main purpose of this text is to give information about ________.

[　　]

A．famous museums throughout the world

B．an electronic art museum in Miami, U. S. A.

C．art exhibitions in Florida International University

D．latest development in computer art

2．To see the art in FIU museum, your special needs include ________.

[　　]

A．floppy discs

B．a computer and a printer

C．pictures and drawings on paper

D．a computer connected to the museum by telephone line

3．What are stored in the museum?

[　　]

A．Paintings drawn by means of computer.

B．Different style of paintings.

C．Old paintings.

D．Drawings done by art students of FIU.

4．The museum was started when ________.

[　　]

A．Robert Shostak wanted to do something for computer scientists

B．Robert Shostak wanted to help computer artists

C．art students needed a place to show their works

D．computer scientists wanted to do something about art

5．The words “an audience” in the last paragraph here refer to ________.

[　　]

阅读理解

　　One of the best known American writers of children's books is Alfred Strong, or Doctor Strong, as he is better known to readers everywhere. Now, an art show called “Doctor Strong From Then to Now” is traveling around the United States. The pictures and drawings show the history of Doctor Strong.

　　Doctor Strong first became famous almost fifty years ago when his first children's book was published. Since then, he has written forty－five books that have sold more than one hundred million copies around the world.

　　Doctor Strong's books are known for their easy use of words and colorful, hand－drawn pictures. These drawings bring life to his imaginary creatures, The Cat in the Hat, Horton the Elephant, The Grinch Who Stole Christmas, and hundreds of others.

　　The San Diego Museum, in California, organized the art show. It includes about three hundred of Doctor Strong's original drawings and some of his writings.

　　Most of Doctor Strong's books, although written in a funny way, have serious messages. For example, In McElligot's Pool, he describes the danger of pollution. He discusses the arms race in The Butter Battle Book, written in nineteen eighty－four.

　　Doctor Strong is almost eighty－four－year old now. He says he never planned to write stories just for children. He says he writes stories that interest people of all ages. He says he uses easy words to everyone, even a child, can understand.

1．Doctor Strong first became famous in ________.

[　　]

A．his eighties when his art show was traveling around the United States

B．his fifties when his drawings and writings were published

C．nineteen－eighty－four when his book McElligot's Pool was published

D．his thirties when his first book was published

2．Doctor Strong's books are very popular in America because ________.

[　　]

A．they are stories about animals such as cat, elephant and so on

B．they are written in easy words with colorful pictures

C．he organized the art show in California

D．they are written in a funny way

3．His purpose in writing many such books is ________.

[　　]

A．to show his original pictures and drawings

B．to organize a special art show of his own

C．to amuse his readers only

D．not only to interest people but to expose some serious social problems

4．Which of the following is true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Alfred Strong organized an art show including 300 of his original drawings and some writings.

B．He likes to write stories about interesting people.

C．He won't plan to write stories for children any more.

D．It's San Diego Museum that organized the art show called “Doctor Strong From Then to Now”.

5．What can we learn from the sentence “These drawings bring life to his imaginary creatures.”?

[　　]

A．All creatures in his stories come from real life.

B．His drawings have made all his imaginary creatures in the stories true to life.

C．These drawings have brought imagination to his stories.

D．These drawings have brought him a new life.

阅读理解

　　An intelligence test measures a person's ability to solve different kinds of problems. There are many kinds of intelligence tests. The tests that are sometimes given in schools are called Stanford－Binet I. Q. tests. They were first developed in 1905 by a French psychologist named Alfred Binet and later revised(修订) for use on children in the United States by psychologists at Stanford University.

　　Binet had observed that on the average a 10－year－old learns more quickly and can solve more difficult problems than a 9－year－old; an 11－year－old learns more quickly than a 10－year－old, and so on. As a rule a child's intelligence tends to increase year by year. Therefore Binet arranged his tests by age levels：the first problems in any test can be solved by all children of the age level being tested; the problems become more and more difficult until few, if any, children of that age can solve them.

　　After a child has completed a Stanford－Binet test, the psychologist figures out the score and then compares it with the average score of other children of the same age. If a child solves the same number of problems as the average child of the same age solves, his I. Q. will be 100．If he solves more problems, his I. Q. will be more than 100．If he solves fewer, it will be less than 100．By comparing a child's score in this test with his score on an earlier one, the psychologist can tell how fast the child's abilities are growing in relation to his age.

1．Stanford－Binet I. Q. tests are ________.

[　　]

A．the tests given in schools at the end of each year

B．intelligence tests for adults

C．intelligence tests given to school children

D．the tests in psychology for all the people

2．After observation, Binet learned that on average ________.

[　　]

A．a 9－year－old child learns more quickly than a 10－year－old one

B．a 10－year－old child learns as quickly as a 11－year－old one

C．all the children of one age can solve more difficult problems

D．a child's intelligence tends to rise with his age

3．If a child cannot solve the same number of problems as the average child of the same age solves, we may say, his I. Q. ________.

[　　]

A．will be ten

B．will be a hundred

C．will be less than a hundred

D．will be more than a hundred

4．The psychologist can tell how fast a child's abilities are growing ________.

[　　]

A．by figuring out his score in the I. Q. test

B．by making sure that a child's I. Q. is more than 100

C．by comparing a child's score in the test with the average score of the same age

D．by comparing a child's score in the test with his sire on an earlier one

5．According to the passage, which of the following is true?

[　　]

A．The I. Q. test was first developed by an American psychologist at Stanford University.

B．Binet arranged his tests by age level and by levels of difficulty as well.

C．There is only one type of intelligence test now in use that is called Stanford－Binet I. Q. test.

D．Intelligence tests are designed to test children's learning ability.

阅读理解

　　Chinese martial arts(武术) have quite a long history. They form a necessary part of the Chinese culture and they are a part of the nation's spirit. Not only Chinese people love their martial arts, many foreigners are also crazy about them. Perhaps I'm one of those eager foreigners.

　　Actually, I've exercised all my life. I used to be a football player and I once loved swimming very much. But I became a Chinese martial arts fan the moment I saw them in a film. So, I decided to take them up while I was studying in Xi'an.

　　Practicing Chinese martial arts requires a lot of effort. You have to be able to “stand as straight as a pine tree, sit as square as a stone, and move as quickly as gust of wind (一阵风)”. In addition, it takes a long time for you to realize the deep meaning of the arts. Not all people who practice Chinese martial arts have a deep enough understanding of them. Some regard them only as physical movement; you move here, hit your rival(对手) there … But my coach has tried to make me realize their great underlying(内在的) meaning, which has a great deal to do with one's mental state. Gradually, I've come to understand that the martial arts do not only improve my physical condition, but also make me feel more confident in dealing with the world around me. A lot of actions of Chinese martial arts are actually based on meditation(沉思). Many of my American friends have benefited a lot from practicing the arts, mentally and physically.

　　Now there are quite a lot of martial arts clubs in the United States. American people are willing to spend their free time learning Chinese martial arts. For them, the martial arts are a unique(独有的) culture as well as a beneficial form of exercise. According to a report, one in every ten Americans once studied or is studying a style of martial arts. I myself am planning to set up a martial arts school in my home country as soon as I complete my study in China.

1．The first paragraph tells us all of the following about the author except that ________.

[　　]

A．he is an eager fan of martial arts

B．he is determined to become a Chinese martial artist

C．he is so attracted by Chinese martial arts

D．he would like to see more Americans practicing Chinese martial arts

2．Which of the following is not true about the Chinese martial arts according to the passage?

[　　]

A．They can be traced back to a long time ago.

B．They partly symbolized the Chinese nation's spirit.

C．They are a part of Chinese people's treasured culture.

D．They simply depend on pure physical movement.

3．The author began to show interest in Chinese martial arts ________.

[　　]

A．when he was a child at a primary school

B．while he studied at a senior high school

C．when he first saw them in a film

D．as soon as he came to study in Xi'an

4．The author has come to realize that Chinese martial arts can ________.

[　　]

A．be beneficial to people both in mind and in body

B．be beneficial to people either in mind or in body

C．benefit people physically better than mentally

D．benefit people mentally better than physically

5．The last paragraph implies that ________.

[　　]

A．American people have quite a lot of free time

B．Chinese martial arts have become very popular in the US

C．the author wants to set up a Chinese culture club

D．the martial arts are a unique culture as well as a beneficial form of exercise

阅读理解

　　It is exciting to apply for a job that really interests you. In making your application, there are a number of points for you to observe.

　　In your letter of application, aim to say just enough to introduce yourself. If you are answering an advertisement, any information for which it asks must, of course, be given. This will usually cover your school record and any further education and training. You may also be asked to give the names of one or two persons to supply references. For this purpose you should choose people who know you well enough about your character and ability; and you should also ask for their permission to be named as referees.

　　It will depend on circumstances how much you can usefully add about yourself. Your purpose is to bring to the notice of the boss any good reason why you rather than any of the other applicants(申请人) should be chosen for the job. If therefore you feel you have any special skill for the work or, for example, any particular interest in the line of the business, let this be known.

　　Finally, there is your use of language. You cannot go wrong if you keep your sentences and paragraphs short, making sure the sense is clear and well expressed. Choose plain words so long as they can express your meaning.

1．The aim of writing a letter of application is to ________.

[　　]

A．tell the boss your school record

B．express why you are most suitable for. the job

C．show your character and ability

D．give enough information about yourself

2．In your letter of application, try to ________.

[　　]

A．keep it as short as possible

B．give more information about your education and training

C．tell enough information in a few words

D．cover your school record fully

3．The author suggest you choose ________ so long as they can express your thought well.

[　　]

A．simple words

B．ordinary words

C．direct words

D．words easy to understand

4．The underlined word “referees” means a person ________.

[　　]

A．who is willing to comment on your character and ability

B．who writes reference books on bosses

C．to whom you are going to work

D．who is to examine the matter

5．The best title for this passage could be ________.

[　　]

A．How to Find a Job

B．The Best Way to Write a Letter

C．Writing Letters to One's Boss

D．How to Write a Letter of Application