Marx could read all the leading European languages and write in three：German, French and English．He was fond of saying,“A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life．”At fifty he took up the study of Russian．Although the language had on close relation to any of the modern or ancient language he knew．He made such progress in six months that he was able to enjoy reading Russian poetry and prose(散文)works．

　　Even his enemies had to admit(承认)that he was a man of great learning：not only in his special field of economics, but also in history, philosophy, and the literature of all countries．You could question him at any time on any subject and get the most proper answer．

　　Although he went to bed very late, he was always up between eight or nine in the morning．Having drunk a cup of black coffee and read through his newspapers．He would go to his study and work there till two or three next morning, breaking off only for meals, and when the weather allowed, for a walk on Hampstead Heath．In the course of the day he slept for an hour or two on the sofa．For Marx, work had become a passion(爱好)and he was so absorbed in it that he often forgot his meals．He often had to be called again and again before he came down to the dining-room．But hardly had he eaten the last mouthful when he was back in his study again．

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　　Mr．Hunt had a middle school in a town．His wife was one of his classmates．The woman learned nothing in the middle school．But she wasn't worried about anything．Her parents could give her all．She married poor Mr．Hunt but made him listen to her．He was busy and the woman had to stay at home by herself．But she hated the lonely life．Her father introduced her to some businessmen who wanted to employ her．But she liked to stay with the children．So she asked her husband to allow her to work in his school．At first Mr．Hunt didn't agree with her．So she did not supply any money to him．And it meant that the school was going to be shut．The poor man had to give in．The woman knew neither maths nor physics．She thought she often went to the zoo, so she decided to teach the students biology．But she didn't know how to teach the subject at all．She thought hard and hard, finally she brought the children to the zoo．

　　Pointing to a crocodile, she shouted,“Look at it carefully, children!It's a whale!”

　　“Excuse me, mamma,”said a student．“It's a crocodile!”

　　“Shut up!”Mrs Hunt said angrily．“It's a whale!”

　　Just at that moment the crocodile came out of the water, climbed up a rock and stayed there．The boy shouted,“Look, Mrs．Hunt!A whale never comes out of the water and has a rest on the rock!”

　　“Can't you see the whale resting on the rock?”Mrs．Hunt said happily．

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　　How often one hears children wishing they were grown-ups, and old people wishing they were young again．Each age has its pleasures and its pains, and the happiest person is the one who enjoys what each age give him without wasting his time in useless regrets．

　　Childhood is a time when there are few responsibilities(责任)to make life difficult．If a child has good parents, he is fed, looked after and loved, whatever he may do．It is impossible that he will ever again in his life be given so much without having to do anything in return．What's more, life is always giving new things to the child-things that have lost their interest for older people because they are too well-known．But a child has his pains：he is not so free to do what he wishes to do; he is repeatedly being told not to do something, or being punished for what he has wrongly done．

　　When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay for his food, his clothes, and his room, but has to work if he wants to live comfortably．If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child, he will go hungry．And if he breaks the laws of society as he used to break the laws of his parents, he may go to prison．If, however, he works hard, keeps out of trouble and has good health, he can have the great happiness of building up for himself his own position in society．

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　　A girl with blue eyes is a blue-eyed girl．A man with long legs is a long-legged man．A woman with white hair is a white-haired woman．Children who have good looks are good-looking children．What do you do when you want to buy clothes?You go to a shop．If you can find clothes that are the right size for you, and if they are ready to wear, you will probably buy them．They are called ready-made clothes．If you can not find clothes that are the right size, you will go to a tailor's shop．A tailor is a man who makes clothes．He will measure you carefully and will then make clothes for you．Such clothes are called tailor-made clothes．

　　What do we call a man who is dressed badly?We call him a badly-dressed man．A woman who is dressed well is called a well-dressed woman．

　　What do you wear when it rains heavily?You wear a coat that will keep the rain out．Such a coat is called a raincoat．It is made of waterproof cloth-cloth that does not let water pass through．We have a lot of rain in England．If you come to England, bring a raincoat and an umbrella．You will find them useful．

　　If the floor, walls and ceiling of a room are made so that sound cannot pass through the wall, we say that the room is sound-proof．There are sound－proof rooms in all broadcasting stations．

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　　If you wish to become a better reader, here are four important points to remember about rate, or speed, of reading：

　　1．Knowing why you are reading－what you are reading to find out－will often help you to know whether to read rapidly or slowly．

　　2．Some things should be read slowly throughout．Examples are directions for making or doing something, arithmetic problems, science and history books, which are full of important information．You must read such things slowly to remember each important step and understand each important idea．

　　3．Some things should be read rapidly throughout．Examples are simple stories meant for enjoyment, news letters from friends, items, or bits of news from the local paper, telling what is happening to friends and neighbours．

　　4．In some of your readings, you must change your speed from fast to slow and slow to fast, as you go along．You need to read certain pages rapidly and then slow down and do more careful readings when you come to important ideas which must be remembered．

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阅读理解

　　Fred was born in a rich family．His father had a big company and he had four brothers．He was the strongest of the five but he didn't like to use his head．Of course he couldn't pass the examinations．

　　Suddenly the war broke out．Young men were called on to join the army．His father thought for a long time and at last decided to send him to the military camp(军营)．Soon after that he was sent to France where they fought with Germans．The young man hated the life in the camp．They couldn't be supplied with enough food and had to live in the cold and wet houses, sometimes they had to sleep on the hard ground and he was often afraid to be shot．He usually remembered the life in his country and tried to leave the camp．

　　Once he made an excuse in order not to go to the front．Another soldier whose name was Bob reported the captain(上尉)about it．Fred was punished for it．He hated Bob and the captain very much．In a fight he hurt the captain and he was sent to the court(法庭)at once．

　　“Have you hurt the captain, Fred?”asked a judge(法官)．

　　“Yes, I have, sir,”answered the young man,“But it was a fortuitous(偶然的) accident．”

　　“Oh?”the judge said in surprise．“Why?”

　　“The captain was standing just in front of Bob while I was shooting at the young soldier．So I hurt him by mistake．”

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阅读理解

　　Tradition says that at the beginning of the sixth century one of the tribes in Ireland was called Celt．The chief of Celt had a beautiful daughter, named Ellis, who was from childhood, fond of having honey．When she grew up, lots of knights(骑士)and princes from neighboring countries came to propose marriage to her．Ellis fell in love with a young master of a southern tribe who was among the proposers．They were soon in love with each other．At last they decided to get married．On the wedding day Ellis entertained the honored guests with honey wine made from the honey which had been presented by the young master．After drinking the wine the guests sang high praise for it．They said the wine was as sweet as love．But there was too much wine for them to drink up．The bride(新娘)and bridegroom continued drinking it next day．They were intoxicated(沉醉)with the sweet honey wine．It took the young couple a whole month to drink it up．

　　From then on it was very popular among the local people to drink honey wine within the first month after the man and woman's marriage．They thought that it stood for the sweetness and happiness of a newly－married couple．Later On it spread far and wide．People named the first month after marriage honeymoon(蜜月)．

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阅读理解

　　Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is one of the largest cities in the world．It is also one of the world's most modern cities．Twice last century, the city was destroyed and rebuilt．In 1823 a major earthquake struck the city．Thousands of people were killed and millions were left homeless as buildings fell down and fires broke out throughout Tokyo．It took seven years to rebuild the city．During World War Ⅱ, Tokyo was destroyed once again．As a result of these disasters there is nothing of old Tokyo remaining in the downtown area．

　　After the war, the people of Tokyo began to rebuild their city．Buildings went up at a fantastic rate, and between 1845 and 1910, the city's population more than doubled．Because of the Olympic Games held in Tokyo in 1859, many new stadiums, parks and hotels were built to accommodate visitors from all over the world．As a result of this rapid development, however, many problems have arisen, housing shortage, pollution, and waste disposal have presented serious challenges to the city, but the government has begun several programs to answer them．

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阅读理解

　　London's River Thames(泰晤土河)has twenty－seven bridges．But Tower Bridge, the first bridge over the Thames as you travel to London from the sea, is the most famous of them all．What makes Tower Bridge so exciting?Why do visitors come from all over the world to see it?

　　The thing that is surprising about Tower Bridge is that it is open in the middle．It does this to let the big ships through to the pool(水域)of London．If you are lucky enough to see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air, you will never forget it．

　　On its north side stands the Tower of London itself．Although they look the same age, the Tower is almost a thousand years old, and Tower Bridge is only about one hundred years old．It was built in 1890s．By 1850, everyone agreed that a bridge across the Thames near the Tower was most necessary．But the designers argued(争论)about the new bridge for an other thirty years．This took so long because they had two big problems．

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阅读理解

Perhaps the most extraordinary(奇特的)building put up in the 19th century was the Crystal Palace(水晶宫)which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851．The Crystal Palace was different from all the other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass．It was one of the biggest buildings of all the time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it．Plenty of goods were sent to the exhibition from all parts of the world．There was also a great deal of machinery on show．Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steamboats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe．On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train．There were six million visitors in all, and the money from the exhibition was used to build museums and colleges．Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to the South London．It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936．

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