Scientists have been seeking a way to delay the period of clinical death so that the organism can be revived before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling of the organism, combined with narcotic sleep. By slowing down the body's metabolism(新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.

　　 To illustrate how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female baboon called Keota. The scientists put Keotato sleep with a narcotic (催眠的). Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began draining blood from an artery(动脉). The monkeys' blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and respiration(呼吸) stopped --- clinical death set in (插入). For twenty minutes Keota remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point, scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial respiration. After two minutes, the baboon's heart became active once more after fifteen minutes, respiration began, and after four hours Keota opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin injection(注射), Keota seized the syringe(注射器)and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal. 

1. This passage focuses on _______.

A. the difference between biological and clinical death 

B. the nature of clinical death

C. the process of dying　　　　    　　　　　　   

D. prolonging the period of clinical death

2. One characteristic of clinical death is ______.

A. lasting damage to the lungs or the heart   B. damage of the tissues

C. temporary non-functioning of the heart   D. damage of important cells

3. According to the passage, cooling an organism ______.

A. speeds up the body's metabolism　　    B. prevents biological death

C. makes damaged organs come to life   D. does none of the above

4. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?

A. The process of dying is divided into clinical and biological death.

B. Cooling might cause the damage of important cells and tissues.

C. An experiment on a baboon showed that an organism can be saved before biological death occurs.

D. After the experiment, Keota behaved almost the same as the other monkeys.

5. One possible benefit of the experiment discussed in the passage is ______.

A. Fewer deaths from heart attacks　　  B. protection against deadly injury

C. Victory over death　　　　　　　　 D. less crowded cities

Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed．One way is to lower standards．A mother describes her child's hand-made table as perfect, even though it doesn't stand still．Another way is to shift（转移）blame．If John fails science，his teacher is unfair or stupid．

The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world．The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything，no one can win all the time—and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when they don't win．A child who's not invited to a birthday party，who doesn't make the honor roll on the baseball team，feels terrible，of course．But parents should not offer a quick consolation（安慰），prize or say，“It doesn't matter．because it does．The young should be allowed to experience disappointment—and be helped to master it．

Failure is never pleasurable．It hurts grown-ups and children alike．But it can make a positive（有益的）contribution to your life once you learn to use it．Step one is to ask “Why did I fail？”

Don't blame someone else．Ask yourself what you did wrong，how you can improve．If someone else can help，don't be shy about inquiring（咨询）．Success，which encourages repetition of old behavior，is not nearly as good a teacher as failure．You can learn from a bad party how to give a good one，from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second ．Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking，a change of direction．After 12 years of studying ballet a friend of mine auditioned（面试）for a professional company．She was turned down．“Would further training help？she asked．The ballet master shook his head．“You will never b
e a dancer，” he said，“you haven't the body for it．”?

In such cases，the way to use failure is to take stock（鉴定）bravely asking．“What have I left？What else can I do？My friend put away her shoes and moved into dance treatment center，a field where she's both able and useful．Failure frees one to take risks because there's less to lose．Often there is recovery（恢复）of energy ─ a way to find new possibilities．

1．The second paragraph tells us ____ ．

A．how a mother praised her children

B．two ways of failure prevention most parents used when their children fail

C．how to shift（转移）blame

D．parents should blame their children at the proper time．

2．According to the author，what should a child know in the real world？

A．He should be equipped for life．

B．No one can be best all the time at everything．

C．No parents should offer quick consolations．

D．He can get pleasure from failure as well as success．

3．The underlined word “prompt” in the fifth paragraph can be best replaced by“____”．?

A．improve B．prevent C．continue D．cause

4．From the passage we know that ____ can affect one's life greatly once he learns to use it．

A．success B．disappointment C．failure D．value

Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear or to disappear. For example, the magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to another or to change color. What actually happens is that the magician, by quick hand movements, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the people and waves a brightly colored cloth with one hand. The people are too busy watching the cloth and listening to the magician’s words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball. 

Another favorite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear again. What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quickly hiding it while the people watch something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear again by displaying another object that has not been cut or burned.

1．From the passage we know that the magician pretends to do things which　　   .

A. are possible　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. are impossible

C. make people laugh　　　　　　　　　　　　   D. we can’t see

2．An important part of a magic trick is that  　　 .

A. a bright colored cloth is used

B. it does not take too long to prepare

C. people don’t discover how it is done

D. the magician pretends to talk to the people watching

3．The people draw false conclusions because　　   .

A. they are not as clever as the magician

B. they are led to believe what the magician does

C. there is no other explanation

D. the magician has knowledge of psychologists

4．Psychology is an important part of magic tricks because　　   .

A. most magicians are psychologists

B. it tells you the magician doesn’t burn or cut anything

C. there is a special branch of psychology devoted to magic

D. it is used to make people believe what they have seen

5．In this article the author intends to　　   .

A. make us not to believe what we have seen with our own eyes

B. expose the tricks played by the magician

C. tell the magician not to fool other people any more

D. explain how magic tricks are played

The space in the home also shows a lot about psychological space needs．Some families gather closer to each other and the size of their house has nothing to do with it．Others have separate little corners where family members go to be alone．

Although it is true that psychological space needs are not decided by economic reasons，they sometimes have to be changed a little because of economic pressures．It is almost impossible，however，to completely change your psychological space needs．

1．The first sentence in Paragraph 1“Not everyone in the world requires the same amount of living space”means____ ”．

A．No two people need exactly the same amount of living space

B．Living space requirements are not always the same

C．The world requires the same amount of living space

D．Nobody needs a required amount of living space

2．Some families gather closer to each other at home than others because ____ ．

A．they have limited living space

B．they are brought up in a large family

C．it satisfies their psychological space needs

D．the children in the family sleep in the same bed with their parents

3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？

A．Americans are trained to live in large rooms at birth．

B．Economic situation decides one's amount of space needs．

C．People in various countries demand different psychological space．

D．Knowing your psychological space needs is important，as it affects your future．

4．The best title for the passage is ____．

A．American Way of Living

B．Psychological Space

C．Space Needs in Different Countries

D．Psychological Space and Economic Pressure

Although most of the cave ice in the United States is found in lave caves, there are a number of limestone ice caves as well. Some people believe that this ice was formed thousands of years ago, when temperatures were much lower than they are today. Others think that the cave ice broke off from the ancient glaciers as they spread over the country.

Today many cave scientists have another idea. They believe that cold water sinks down through cracks into these caves until temperature is chilly enough to freeze the water that seeps(渗入)in. The ice that forms keeps the cave cool, and that helps build up still more ice. Many caves become covered with so much ice that no one knows just how thick it is. In some, such as crystal Falls Cave in Idaho, there are frozen rivers and even frozen waterfalls. Native Americans and early settlers used to store food in these underground refrigerators and chip out blocks of ice to melt for drinking water.?

1.What is the main idea about this passage?

A. Characteristics of glaciers

B. Uses for ice caves

C. The origin of cave ice

D. Where glaciers can be found

2.What causes ice to build up in caves?

A. Rivers and waterfalls water

B. Icicles accumulate on the ceilings

C. Cave ice breaks off glaciers

D. Cold water seeps in and freezes

3.It can be inferred from the passage that the early settlers appreciated the ice caves for their ______.

A. practicality　　　　 B. beautiful interiors

C. historical value   D. precious jewels

　　   The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man, and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist and especially the administrator deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man, and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.

Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you, but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious(怀疑的)of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.

1. There is an increasing demand for 　　  .

A. all-round people in their own fields

B. people whose job is to organize other people’s work

C. generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional

D. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others

2. The specialist is 　　 .

A. a man whose job is to train other people

B. a man who has been trained in more than one field

C. a man who can see the forest rather than the trees

D. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters

3. During your training period it is important 　　 .

A. to try to be a generalist

B. to choose a profitable job

C. to find an organization which fits you

D. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist

4. A man’s first job 　　  .

A. is never the right job for him

B. should not be regarded as his final job

C. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job

D. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job

　　   Captain Nash may have been the first to see such orange lights but he wasn’t the last. His experience was repeated many times by pilots during World War Ⅱ both in Europe and Far East.

　　   What were they? No one knows for sure, but there is an interesting theory to explain them. According to this theory, the orange lights are space animals---animals specially adapted to(适应于)life in the upper atmosphere just as some living things are adapted to life at the bottom of the sea.

　　   These space animals, the theory says, live so far up in the atmosphere that they are not in sight from the earth. They feed partly in the air and partly on energy from the sunlight. Being almost pure energy themselves, their bodies can shine at night. During the day they became invisible.

　　   Before World War Ⅱ, continues the theory, there was little radiated energy on the earth’s surface. Then came the development of rockets, nuclear power stations and something like that. The space animals are attracted to these kinds of energy of food. At night when there is no energy from the sunlight, they come down into the lower levels in search of a meal. They may even float into the range(范围)of human eyesight. This explains the fact that they have been sighted many times from the earth since 1943.

1. The main idea of this passage is that 　　  .

A. Captain Nash saw twelve orange lights traveling at a great speed

B. Captain Nash may have been the first to see lights in space

C. the orange lights are space animals according to a theory

D. the secret of nature can all be fully explained

2. The theory says that during the daytime the space animals

A. shine brightly in the sky

B. cannot be seen

C. can be in sight now and then

D. visit the earth’s surface

3. If the space animal theory is correct, the orange lights come down to the lower levels in order to 　　  

A. escape from the atmosphere

B. get the energy from the sun

C. search for man-made energy

D. produce the energy they need

4. The space animal theory would seem to suggest that 　　  .

A. living things are extremely adaptable

B. life in space is impossible for man

C. the earth is more suitable for these space animals

D. life cannot exist in the upper atmosphere

　　   The Kansas City computer system also keeps a medical record of each of the city’s 900 firefighters. This kind of information is especially useful when a fireman is injured. With this medical information, doctors at the hospital can treat the injured firefighter more quickly and easily.

　　   The firefighters themselves greatly appreciate the computer’s help. They know about possible dangers ahead of them and can prepare for them. Many times the computer information helps to save lives and property(财产). Sometimes the lives are those of firefighters themselves!

1. Missouri is most likely the name of 　　  .

A. a well-known river in the United States of America

B. a city famous for its fire-fighting computer system

C. one of the fifty states of America

D. the head of the fire control information centers

2. The computer can give 　　  .

A. both useful and useless information about the city

B. valuable information about every resident in that city

C. useful information about every street address in the city

D. lively description about each building on fire

3. The computer center can 　　  .

A. give the firemen important help in almost every way

B. have limited ways of helping firefighters

C. hardly give any useful information to the fire bridge

D. put out every fire automatically

1.　　   What is the best possible title of the passage?

A. Drugs and Health　　　　    B. Food and Illness

C. Food and Culture    　　　　D. Health and Science

2.　　   Which of the following statements is NOT true?

a)　　　　 Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons.

b)　　    Some of the additives in our food are added directly to the food and some are given to living animals.

c)　　    Researchers have realized the possible dangers of food additives for over fifty years.

d)　　    Food may cause 40% of cancer in the world.

3.　　   How has science done something harmful to mankind?

a)　　　　 Because of science, diseases caused by contaminated(被污染的) food have been actually reduced.

b)　　    It has caused a lack of information concerning the food.

c)　　    Due to the application of science, some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.

d)　　    It causes the animals to become fatter.

4.　　   The government tries to _______.

a)　　　　 control the market price of food.

b)　　    stop the farmers from giving drugs to animals to make more money.

c)　　    get rid of the additives from the packaged food

d)　　    use no medicine on the animals

1．Our only source in formers times for yellow dye was ________.

A．chemicals

B．coal tar

C．plant

D．German plantations

2．The chemists discovered ________.

A．a better dye

B．coal tar

C．the madder plant

D．yellow dye