There are some of the signs that you see on the roads. Number one is a sign with the number thirty on it. When drivers see this sign they must not go at more than 30 kms an hour. We see this sign when we get to parts of the country where there are many houses and other buildings. For example, when we are getting near a town, 30 kms an hour is the speed limit.

Number two is the sign for end of the speed limit. We are out of the town now and may go at more than 30 kms an hour.

Number three is a sign that we are near a cross-roads, that is, a place where two roads cross. We must drive carefully.

Number four has the word SCHOOL on it. This is a sign that there is school at the side of the street or road. Perhaps there are children going to school or leaving school. So drivers must look carefully and go slowly until they are past the school building.

1. When a driver sees a sign with the number thirty on it in front of him,  he________________.

A. must stop at once

B. needs to drive his car over 30 meters

C. has to run at 30 km or less than 30 km an hour

D. needs another 30 km fast

2. A sign with the number 30 kms on it is set up________________.

A. in the villages

B. in the countryside

C. at the side of road near the houses or buildings

D. at the crossing

3. If the driver sees sign Number 2 in front of him, he________________.

A. can drive his car as fast as possible　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   

B. can go through the crossing

C. can drive his car over 30 km an hour　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   

D. can’t go through the road

4. When a driver sees sign Number 3, he mustn’t drive his car________________.

A. 30 km an hour　　　　  B. carefully　　　　　　　　   C. slowly　　　　　　   D. carelessly

5. Among the four signs which has something to do with children?

A. Sign Number 1. 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　    B. Sign Number 2. 　　　　　　　　　　

C. Sign Number 3. 　　   　　　　　　　　　　　　    　　　　　　  D. Sign Number 4.

Improve the world around you

You may think that inventions are far away from your everyday life. But in fact, almost everyone can invent. It’s just that they do not recognize that their idea could be the start of an invention.

Once inventors see their ideas have some practical value, they don’t let them slip away.

For example, the inventor of the dishwasher, American Josephine Cochrane, loved to give dinner parties. But she found it took too long to wash her dishes by hand and too many of them broke. She decided that a machine could do the job faster and with fewer mistakes. So, in 1886, she set out to make one for herself.

Like Cochrane’s, most inventions are created to solve a problem. So, the first and most important step is to find the problem.

You can start by looking at what is wrong with things you use now. You can ask grandparents or neighbors if they remember ever saying:“I wish someone would invent something for…”Or you can look at people in different areas such as on the street, or at school. Then you might notice situations or things in need of improvement.

Remember to record your ideas and work. This will help you develop your invention and protect it when it is completed.

The next step is to think about possible solutions. An invention is a new way of solving a problem. So think of many, varied, and unusual ways.

You can often come up with a solution for a problem by looking at it from a different angle(角度)or thinking about it in a new way.

Example 1—instead of thinking of shoes as protecting your feet from the ground, think of using something to protect the ground from your feet.

Example 2—instead of thinking about how you can carry oranges home from a store, think of how they can come to you by delivery or growing your own.

Example 3—instead of experimenting with only one solution, can you put two or three solutions together, or arrange them in different orders?

And if one solution doesn’t work, can it be put to other uses? That was how yellow post-it notes(N次贴) came about—a “failed”adhesive(粘合剂)experiment proved a weak adhesive had good uses too!

After all, most inventions are not brand new. They do not come out of nowhere, but come out of things or ideas that already exist(存在).

And the hardest part of inventing, even for a lot of inventors, is coming up with a problem and finding a solution. Once you have an idea, you can always get help building your invention.

This problem-solving technique can also work in your everyday lives. So, why not try it in your studies, in your relationship with others, or even in the way you look at the world?

1. The main idea of this story is________________.

A. how to improve the world around you

B. that you can invent and how you will be able to do so

C. problem-solving technique

D. how inventors invent

2. What makes inventors different from other people is probably that________________.

A. they consider every new idea as an invention

B. they are full of creative ideas

C. they enjoy solving problems

D. they look for problems and try to solve them in a new and better way

3. What made Josephine Cochrane decide to invent the dishwasher?

A. Her love of parties.

B. Her dislike of dishwashing.

C. Her desire for something that could do the dishwashing better.

D. Her love of inventing.

4. Which of the following is one of the ways to find a problem?

A. Look at the world from a different angle.

B. Find out things that people are not satisfied with.

C. Do experiments.

D. Never let a practical idea slip away.

5. The underlined phrase“come about”probably means to________________.

A. come into being　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    B. put to use

C. work　　　　　　    　　   　　　　　　　　　　　　    D. become

It seems that some people go out of their way to get into trouble. That’s more or less what happened the night that Nashville Police Officer Floyd Hyde was on duty.

“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder. ”

But Hyde couldn’t go after him. Taking care of injured people is always more important than worrying about speeders, so the officer had to stay on his way to the accident. But he did try to keep the Firebird in sight as he drove, hoping another nearby unit would be able to step in and stop the speeding car. As it turned out, keeping the Firebird in sight was not that difficult. Every turn the Pontiac made was the very turn the officer needed to get to the accident scene.

Hyde followed the Pontiac all the way to his destination(目的地). At that point he found another unit had already arrived at the accident scene. His help wasn’t needed. Now he was free to try to stop the driver of the Firebird, who by this time had developed something new to panic about.

“Just about that time, I asked him why he was running. He told me he didn’t have a driver’s license(执照). ”

That accident cost the driver of the Firebird plenty—a thousand dollars for the new engine—not to mention the charges for driving without a license, attempting to run away, and dangerous driving.

1. The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ________________.

A. shame　　　　　　　　　　  B. hate　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. anger　　　　　　　　　　   D. fear

2. Why did the driver of the Firebird suddenly speed down the highway?

A. Because he was racing with another driver on the road.

B. Because he realized he had to hurry to the accident scene.

C. Because he thought the police officer wanted to stop him.

D. Because he wanted to overtake other cars on the shoulder.

3. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Someone else was taking care of the injured person.

B. The Pontiac reached its destination at the accident scene.

C. Hyde knew where he was going by following the right car.

D. The policeman was running after a speeder on Highway 40.

4. The driver of the Firebird ________________.

A. took a wrong turn on the way　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   

B. had some trouble with his car

C. was stopped by the police officer　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  

D. paid for the expenses of the accident

5. What is probably the best title for the article?

A. Losing His Way　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   

B. Going My Way

C. Fun All the Way　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  

D. Help on the Way

This year some twenty-three hundred teenagers (young people aged from 13 to 19) from all over the world will spend about ten months in U. S. homes. They will attend U. S. schools, meet U. S. teenagers, and form impressions of the real America. At the same time, about 13 hundred American teenagers will go to other countries to learn new languages and gain a new understanding of the rest of the world.

Here is a two-way student exchange programme: Fred, 19, spent last year in Germany with George’s family. In turn, George’s son Mike spent a year in Fred’s home in America.

Fred, a lively young man, knew little about German when he arrived, but after 2 months’ study, the language began to come to him. School was completely different from what he had expected—much harder. Students rose respectfully when the teacher entered the room. They took 14 subjects instead of the 6 that are usual in the United States. There were almost no outside activities.

Family life, too, was different. The father's word was law, and all activities were around the family rather than the individual(个人). Fred found the food too simple at first. Also, he missed having a car.

“Back home, you pick up some friends in a car and go out and have a good time. In Germany, you walk, but you soon learn to like it. ”

At the same time, in America, a friendly German boy, was also forming his idea. “I suppose I should criticize American schools, ”he says. “It is far too easy by our level. But I have to say that I like it very much. In Germany we do nothing but study. Here we take part in many outside activities. I think that maybe your schools are better in training for citizens. There ought to be some middle ground between the two. ”

1. The purpose of the exchange programme is mainly to ________________.

A. have students learn new languages

B. help teenagers learn more about other countries

C. let students from other countries have a new understanding of the real America

D. improve the relation between the teenagers from different countries

2. It is mentioned in the passage that ________________.

A. in America, students often drive outside to enjoy themselves

B. after 2 months’ study in Germany, Fred was able to master the German language

C. the German students don’t have a happy family life

D. the American students don’t respect their teachers

3. Both Fred and Mike agree that ________________.

A. Germans and Americans are both friendly

B. German students should have more after-class activities

C. American food tastes better than German food

D. there are more cars in America than in Germany

4. After experiencing the American school life, Mike thought ________________.

A. German schools trained students to be better citizens

B. the American students didn’t do well in their lessons

C. school life in America was an ideal one

D. a better education should include something good from both America and Germany

5. The difference between a German family and an American family is that ________________.

A. Germans have more freedom at home than Americans

B. Americans think more about the family than the individual

C. the father has the right to decide almost everything at home in Germany

D. the children are asked to listen to the grown-ups in an American family

To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of good actors: You must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience,you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control, and you must be able to act what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear.

Watch good teachers, and you will see that they do not sit motionless before their class: They stand the whole time they are teaching, they walk about, using their arms, hands and fingers to help them in their explanations, and their faces to express feelings. Listen to them, and you will hear the loudness, the quality and the musical note of their voices always changing according to what they are talking about.

The fact that good teachers have some of the gifts of good actors does not mean that they will indeed be able to act well on the stage: There are very important differences between the teachers’ work and the actors’. Actors have to speak words which they have learnt by heart, they have to repeat exactly the same words each time they play a certain part, even their movement and the ways in which they use their voices are usually fixed before. What they have to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.

Good teachers work in quite a different way. Their audience take an active part in the play: They ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they do not understand something, they say so. Teachers therefore have to suit their act to the needs of their audience, which is their class. They cannot learn their part by heart, but must invent it as they go along.

I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take   part in a stage play because their brains would not keep discipline: They could not keep strict to what another had written.

1. The passage mainly tells us ________________.

A. what a good teacher is

B. how to be a good teacher

C. the difference between a teacher and an actor

D. the way to become a good teacher

2. To be a good teacher, which of the following is not needed?

A. He should be able to hold the audience’s attention.

B. He must have a clear but low and soft voice.

C. He should be able to act what he’s teaching.

D. He doesn’t sit in a chair with an expressionless face.

3. Teachers in class have to ________________.

A. create a group of audience

B. meet their students’ needs

C. be told what to do by their students

D. invent a certain part of a play

4. The passage seems to suggest that a good teacher may not be a good actor because ________________.

A. they are nervous on the stage

B. their brains are out of control

C. they miss their students

D. they are not used to saying what others have written

5. Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined word “motionless”?

A.　　  still　　　　  　　　　　　   　　   

B.　　  quiet

C.　　  silent　　    　　　　　　  

D.　　 calm

Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right below their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. Not one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one’s fellowman?

“Not so, ” say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to research into the reasons why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency（紧急情况）. Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma（昏迷） from a headache? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk? Is the smoke coming into the room from a leak（漏洞） in the air-conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”?Or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are faced with a real emergency. Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible（负责任的）. He must feel that he must help, or the person won’t get the help he needs.

The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested”. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The researchers started them off on the “tests”. Then they went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room” and the room into which they went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of book shelves falling and a cry for help. All of this had been prerecorded on a tape recorder. Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped. In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.

Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were shocked, they sweated, and they had trembling hands. They felt the other person’s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.

1. The purpose of this passage is_______.

A. to explain why people fail to act in emergencies

B. to explain when people will act in emergencies

C. to explain what people will do in emergencies

D. to explain how people feel in emergencies

2. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.

B. When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth his help.

C. A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.

D. A person with a heart attack needs the most.

3. The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that_______.

A. they are afraid of emergencies

B. they are not willing to get themselves involved

C. others will act if they themselves hesitate

D. they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help

4. The author suggests that_______.

A. we shouldn’t blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies

B. a person must feel guilty if he fails to help

C. people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies

D. when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway

A university graduate described as a “respectable and intelligent” woman is seeking professional help after being convicted of（证明有……罪）shoplifting for the second time in six months.

Ana Luz, recently studying for her PhD, has been told she could end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops.

Luz, who lives with her partner in Fitzwilliam Road, Cambridge, admitted stealing clothes worth ￡9. 95 from John Lewis in Oxford Street, London, on March 9.

Phillip Lemoyne, prosecuting（起诉）, said Luz selected some clothes from a display and took them to the ladies’ toilet in the store. When she came out again she was wearing one of the skirts she had selected, having taken off the anti-theft security alarms（防盗警报装置）.

She was stopped and caught after leaving the store without paying, Mr.  Lemoyne said.

He added that she was upset on her arrest and apologized for her actions.

Luz, 28, was said to have been convicted of shoplifting by Cambridge judges last October, but Morag Duff, defending, said she had never been in trouble with the police before that.

“She is ashamed and embarrassed but doesn’t really have any explanation why she did this, ” Miss Duff said. “She didn’t intend to steal when she went into the store.  She is at a loss to explain it.  She is otherwise a very respectable and intelligent young lady. She went to her doctor and asked for advice because she wants to know if there is anything in particular that caused her to do this. ”

Judge David Azan fined Luz ￡50, and warned : “You’ve got a criminal record. If you carry on like this, you will end up in prison, which will ruin your bright future you may have. ”

Luz achieved a degree in design at university in her native Spain, went on to a famous university in Berlin, Germany for her master’s degree and is now studying for a PhD at Cambridge University, UK.

1. What is Ana Luz’s nationality?

A. American.    　　　　  B. British. 　　　　　　　　   C. Spanish.    　　　　　　　　   D. German.

2. What does the underlined sentence “She is at a loss to explain it” mean?

A. In her opinion it was a loss to the clothes shops where she stole things.

B. She doesn’t have any idea why she has the desire to steal from shops.

C. She thinks it is a loss for her to explain why she stole things from shops.

D. Personally she feels ashamed and embarrassed for her shoplifting actions.

3. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “shoplifting” used in the passage?

A. Carrying goods in a lift for a shop.

B. Taking goods to the ladies’ toilet.

C. Selecting some goods from a display.

D. Taking goods from a shop without paying.

4. From the passage we can learn that_______.

A. Ana Luz is already got her PhD at Cambridge University, UK

B. Ana Luz is ashamed and embarrassed and knows why she often did so

C. the university graduate will be put in prison if she steals in shops once more

D. Phillip Lemoyne is the “respectable and intelligent” woman’s defense lawyer

All living things must fight to stay alive. They have to feed on something and at the same time avoid being eaten. Therefore they have to solve this big problem of staying alive in their own way.

The danger of being eaten in the sea is great. Those plants and animals that do survive usually reproduce very fast in great numbers.

Certain sea animals have defensive devices(装置) which help them to survive. The jelly fish have poisonous tentacles(触角) which are used for attack and defence.

Another method of survival which sea plants and animals use is disguise (伪装). They usually have the same color as their surroundings.

In order to stay alive, animals need to have good senses. Fishes have sharp eyes. Almost all animals are sensitive to touch. Fishes judge movements in the water by means of their lines. Fishes and other sea animals can hear well and many of them can make different types of warning sound.

1. What is the greatest problem that the living things face?

A. They have to eat other things.

B. They have to fight not to be eaten.

C. They have to live on in its own way.

D. They have to live in the sea.

2. How many kinds of animals in the sea have more chances to survive?

A. One.    　　　　  B. Two. 　　　　　　   C. Three.    　　    D. Four.

3. Jelly fish is an example of animals_______.

A. who can reproduce very fast

B. who can protect themselves from being attacked

C. who can change their colors

D. who have very good senses

4. The word“survive” in the second paragraph means_______.

A. remain alive　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  B. live
C. struggle for food　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   D. feed on something

5. Which of the following is not mentioned to help animals survive?

A. Sensitive skin. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  B. Sharp eyes.

C. Fine smell. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　   D. Good hearing.

The following table shows some results of a survey in which 800 Japanese school pupils were asked to give their impressions of their classroom teachers. The pupils’ impressions were found different depending on whether the teacher was new(with less than three years’ experience)，middle-standing(ten to twenty years) or a veteran(有经验的人)(twenty to thirty years). The numbers in the table show the percentage of the pupils who answered“very satisfied”or “extremely satisfied” for each question item.

1. According to the table，which of the following is TRUE?

A. In the new teachers’ classes，pupils seem to ask questions more freely.

B. Though Veterans do not play games with pupils during breaks，their teaching is rated highly.

C. The evaluation (评价) of the middle-standing teachers is lower than that of the veterans in seven items.

D. Pupils seem to be quite satisfied with the amount of time their teachers spend with them between classes.

2. Pupils seem to regard the new and the middle-standing teachers as being more_______than the veterans.

A. relaxed in class　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. neat in appearance

C. interested in pupils’ ideas　　　　　　　　　　    D. skillful at explaining

3. As for Question Items_______，pupils’ evaluations can be said to rise at a comparatively steady rate as their teachers’ experience increases.

A. 1 and 4    　　　　　　　　    B. 9 and 10　　　　    C. 6 and 8   　　　　　　   D. 3 and 5

China’s first astronaut 38-year-old Yang Liwei returned safely to earth Thursday morning, when his craft Shenzhou Ⅴ touched down as scheduled after more than 21 hours in the earth’s orbit. Chinese premier Wen Jiabao called the landmark debut flight a “complete success”. The descent capsule (返回舱) carrying Lt-Col. Yang Liwei touched down on the grasslands of the Gobi Desert, in central Inner Mongolia at 6:23 a. m. Thursday (Beijing Time), the Beijing-based China’s Aerospace Command and Control Center said. Minutes later, Yang grabbed the capsule hatch with his hand, pulled himself out, smiled and waved at recovery teams and reporters. “It is a splendid moment in the history of my motherland and also the greatest day of my life, ”Yang, a former fighter pilot from Northeast China’s Liaoning province, said immediately after emerging. In an interview with CCTV, China’s state television, Yang said he was feeling excellent. Shenzhou Ⅴ landed at dawn, 4. 8 kilometers (3 miles) from its designed landing target, the officials said. “The spaceship operated well, ”the astronaut Yang Liwei said in his first publicized comments. “I feel very good and I am proud of my motherland. ”After a physical exam on spot, Yang’s condition was found as good. Li Jinai, the commander of China’s manned space program, called Yang a “space hero” and a“national hero”. Following Yang’s touchdown China’s premier Wen Jiabao immediately spoke to Yang from Beijing’s command and control centre and offered his congratulations.

Within hours, Chinese space officials announced that the country’s space dreams will come true after having worked out plans to conduct space walking by its astronauts，and eventually build up a space station. However, Chinese scientists ruled out building a space shuttle，like the United States.

 Yang’s flight came four decades after the former Soviet Union and the United States pioneered manned spaceflight. Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin orbited the Earth in April 1961. One month later，the United States launched  Alan B. Shepard Jr.

1. What is true of the first Chinese astronaut Yang Liwei?

 A. He is now a flight pilot.

 B. He was helped to get out of the descent capsule.

 C. He spent nearly a day in space.

 D.  He was called a“space hero”and a “national hero”by China’s premier Wen Jiabao.

2. China will carry out the following space programs in the near future except_______.

A. space walking

B. setting up a space station

C. building up a space shuttle

D. sending up“Shenzhou Ⅵ”

3. The underlined word debut means_______.

A. first public appearance　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  B. space

C. carrying person　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　    D. spaceship

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

 A. Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was the first man in the world to travel in space.

 B. The United States launched Alan B. Shepard Jr. about 43 years ago.

 C. China is the third country in the world to carry out the manned space flight successfully.

D.“Shenzhou Ⅵ”will carry more than one astronaut in the mission.