How to Keep Strong

知识就是力量，这是人所共知的常识，但是我们必须记住，高超的才智需要健康的体魄，这样才智才能得到充分发挥。

    Knowledge is power．But there is one other thing that we must remember．A strong mind needs a strong body so as to make it most useful．

　　 There are a great many good exercises．They are helpful and healthful．Many of them may be taken indoors during rainy weather．Indoor exercises，however，are never as helpful as those taken out of doors in pure，fresh air．It is because in fresh air more oxygen is taken into our systems and more wastes are given off．The air in the house does not remain fresh very long．But out of doors it is usually fresh and pure．

    But what shall we play?  There are a number of games such as football，basketball and races．Any games with plenty of movement is good．The best are those which are played out of doors．

    Do not neglect your body．It is of as much importance as your mind．Our country now needs men with strong minds，good judgment，and sound bodies．

Comprehension questions：

1．A strong mind needs a strong body in _______to make it most useful．

2．_______ exercises are more helpful than those taken indoors．

3．Sound bodies means _______ or _______bodies

Better Left Unsaid

    During the past ten or fifteen years a great deal of attention has been given to “telling it like it is,” or “letting it all hang out.” My impression is that this overzealous devotion to speaking one’s mind has more often led to hurt feelings and ruined relationships than to great joy and fulfillment.

    I think we generally agree that never expressing real feelings and repressing all less- than- lovely thoughts about each other hardly leads to constructive communication. It’s a great relief to allow ourselves the luxury of acknowledging our human frailties and pursuing more honest relationships with others. But we need to strike a balance between telling it all and telling nothing.

    Recently I received a letter from a mother who had been persuaded by her troubled twenty- five - year- old son to attend a weekend marathon with him. Under pressure from the group, her defenses collapsed and she heard herself telling her son for the first time that he had had an accident-that she hadn’t been planning to have a child．He in turn told her that he couldn’t recall a single day in his childhood that he’d been happy.

    “At that time,” this woman wrote, “it seemed helpful. We cried and we made up; I thought telling the truth had been good for us. But the trouble is, it was’t the whole truth. By the time Tommy was born I did want him, and at times he was happy. Ever since that day, we’ve both been haunted by some terrible feelings we shared.”

    I must admit I’ve come to the conclusion that some things are better left unsaid．Honesty is a fine policy as long as we know what the truth really is, but most of the time we don’t. It’s a fine goal to encourage children to express their real feelings. And many marriages have been saved by an open confrontation of deep and painful misunderstandings. But we need a new sense of balance. Disclosure is not a panacea for every problem nor even an end in itself. It’s useful and freeing under some circumstances and terribly hurtful and damaging under others.

    It’s a good idea, I think, to bite your tongue for ten or fifteen minutes before saying what is on your mind．Try to decide whether it’ s going to open up new and better avenues of communication or leave wounds that may never heal.

    Notes:

    letting it all bang out: saving exactly how you feel

    devotion to: belief in　　 frailties: weaknesses

    marathon: non- stop meeting where people try to solve their psychological problems by talking in a group (an unusual meaning of this word)

    made up: became friends again

    disclosure: telling something that has been a secret.

A．Do you have the main ideas?

    Here are six sentences. Only four of them express important ideas from the text. The other ideas are in the text, but they are not the author’s main concerns. Choose the four main points, and compare answers with some other students before discussing them with your teacher.

    1) What seems to be the whole truth may in fact be only part of it.

    2) It is relief to admit our weaknesses.

    3) It is sometimes good to say exactly what’s on your mind.

    4) You should think carefully before “telling it like it is.”

    5) Sometimes it can hurt more than help to say what you think or feel.

    6) It is good to encourage children to express their real feelings.

B．Guessing words from context

    Match each word or expression in italics in column A with the meaning in column B that comes closest to it. Column B has some extra meanings:

CLOUMN A

    1)... this overzealous devotion to speaking one’s mind... (line 5)

    2)... the luxury of acknowledging  our human frailties... (line 12)

    3)... we’ve both been haunted by some terrible feelings... (line 24)

    4) Honesty is a fine policy... (line 27)

    5) And many marriages have been saved by an open confrontation of deep and painful misunderstandings. (line 70)

    6) Disclosure is not a panacea for every problem ... (line 31)

    7) It’s good idea, I think, to bite your tongue for ten or fifteen minutes... (line 33)

    8)... or leave wounds that may never heal. (line 35)

COLUMN B

　　 a) discussion

　　 b) hurt places

　　 c) helped

　　 d) too enthusiastic

　　 e) way of acting

　　 f) weak

　　 g) words

　　 h) solution

　　 i) hurt yourself

　　 j) avoid speaking

　　 k) worried

　　 1) thinking about

　　 m) taking openly about

Ecology: Rescuing the Environment

As a result of these and of other pollutants, some lakes and rivers have become so contaminated that the fish in them die. Besides the dangers to health from breathing polluted air and the waste gases have effects on the upper atmosphere, which may endanger life on earth.

These threats, as well as the depletion(耗尽) of natural resources (such as fuels, forests and soil) by carelessly wasteful use, have worried scientists and other thoughtful people.

    Such persons are also disturbed about the effects of chemical fertilizers and of poisons which farmers use in order to destroy insects and weeds. Above all they are alarmed at the interference（冲突） with the natural balance of the environment and its possible consequences（结果）.

    As a result, there have been attempts to alert the public to these dangers and to control pollution, as well as to reduce the wasting of natural resources. One way of bringing these problems to the attention of the public is the yearly celebration of Earth Day, which began in 1970. There are also articles and books by environmentalists and organizations interested in ecology, the study of the interdependence of organisms and the environment.

The United States government's Environment Protection Agency is studying various ways of avoiding danger to the population. For example, its scientists are making investigations to find out whether water pipes made of certain materials can have chemical effects on the water they transport, which might induce (引起) cancer or other diseases. By these and other antipollution studies and regulations, it is hoped that the environment can be prevented from deteriorating（恶化）further.

1. Raw materials taken from the earth is used to operate on electricity made by burning coal or petroleum. (　　  )

2. Scientists and other thoughtful people have worried about the depletion of natural resources by carelessly wasteful use. (　　  )

3. Farmers who are disturbed about the effects of chemical fertilizers and of poisons for destroying insects and weeds are alarmed at the interference with the natural balance of the environment. (　　  )

4. There are also articles and books by environmentalists and organizations which are interested in the study of the interdependence of organisms and the environment. (　　  )

5. Water pipes made of certain materials have chemical effects on the water they transport, which induces cancer or other diseases. (　　  )

Ecology: Rescuing the Environment

The comforts and conveniences of modern life have brought with them problems that did not exist in the days of simpler living. Machinery which operates on electricity made by burning coal or petroleum is used to process raw materials taken from the earth. Gases from the burning fuels are sent into the air. Wastes from making raw material into finished products are sent both into the air and into the water.

As a result of these and of other pollutants, some lakes and rivers have become so contaminated that the fish in them die. Besides the dangers to health from breathing polluted air and the waste gases have effects on the upper atmosphere, which may endanger life on earth.

These threats, as well as the depletion(耗尽) of natural resources (such as fuels, forests and soil) by carelessly wasteful use, have worried scientists and other thoughtful people.

    Such persons are also disturbed about the effects of chemical fertilizers and of poisons which farmers use in order to destroy insects and weeds. Above all they are alarmed at the interference（冲突） with the natural balance of the environment and its possible consequences（结果）.

    As a result, there have been attempts to alert the public to these dangers and to control pollution, as well as to reduce the wasting of natural resources. One way of bringing these problems to the attention of the public is the yearly celebration of Earth Day, which began in 1970. There are also articles and books by environmentalists and organizations interested in ecology, the study of the interdependence of organisms and the environment.

The United States government's Environment Protection Agency is studying various ways of avoiding danger to the population. For example, its scientists are making investigations to find out whether water pipes made of certain materials can have chemical effects on the water they transport, which might induce (引起) cancer or other diseases. By these and other antipollution studies and regulations, it is hoped that the environment can be prevented from deteriorating（恶化）further.

1. Raw materials taken from the earth is used to operate on electricity made by burning coal or petroleum. (　　  )

2. Scientists and other thoughtful people have worried about the depletion of natural resources by carelessly wasteful use. (　　  )

3. Farmers who are disturbed about the effects of chemical fertilizers and of poisons for destroying insects and weeds are alarmed at the interference with the natural balance of the environment. (　　  )

4. There are also articles and books by environmentalists and organizations which are interested in the study of the interdependence of organisms and the environment. (　　  )

5. Water pipes made of certain materials have chemical effects on the water they transport, which induces cancer or other diseases. (　　  )

阅读理解

　　About tens of years ago there was a famine（饥荒）in Hubei and many people had to leave their homes．One man named Wang Yuanlu went to Gansu Province．He walked on and on to the west．He got to Dunhuang．He decided to live there．Most of the land there is desert．It is very，very dry．Nothing grows there．But at Dunhuang there is a river．There is a steep（陡峭的）hill．At the foot of the hill there is a river．One day Wang Yuanlu found a cave in the hill．It was full of sand．He asked some men to help him．They took all the sand out．Inside the cave there was another cave．Here Wang found a great treasure（宝库）．There were lots and lots of papers and paintings and other valuable things．On the walls and the ceiling of the cave there were paintings in beautiful colours．The papers and paintings were very old．Some of them were written and painted in the 5th century．So they were 1，500 years old．The newest were done in the 10th century．They were，1，000 years old．The wall paintings in the cave were painted in the Tang Dynasty，that is，from 618 AD to 907 AD．

　　More and more caves were found in the hill．Altogether there are 492 caves．The first were made in the Northern Wei Dynasty，1，600 years ago．Others were made in the next 1，000 years．They were made by Buddhist（佛教的）monks（僧侣）．Inside every cave the monks put clay（粘土）figures．Some of these are very beautiful．They are great works of art．The best ones were made in Wei and Tang times．Unfortunately，a lot of these figures were stolen in the past．Some were broken off the walls．Others do not have a head．The head was broken off and stolen．

　　The paintings on the walls and ceilings of the caves are very interesting．Every inch of the cave is painted．Most of the paintings are religious（宗教上的）paintings．But some are picture stories．And there are paintings of ordinary people too．

　　The monks had a hard time．The caves are dark and cold．It was very difficult to paint the ceiling．And how did they paint the very bottom of the walls？Today we are grateful to these monks of early days．They have left us one of the great art treasures of the world．

根据短文判断正（T）误（F）。

1．Wang Yuanlu found Dunhuaug Rock Cave by chance two hundred years ago．

（　　）

2．All the papers and paintings were written and painted in 1，500 years ago．

（　　）

3．In the caves there are many Buddhist figures besides papers and paintings which are made of clay．

（　　）

4．The Buddhist figures were made in bad condition by the monks．

（　　）

5．Dunhuang Rock Cave becomes one of the great art treasures of the world．

（　　）

阅读训练

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，判断句子的正(T)误(F)。

　　When people visit an archaeology site, or work on a site, they must remember that they are touching history． The artifacts and features they see are the only links to understanding the prehistoric people who once lived here． Since prehistoric people had no written records or diaries to leave behind, we are dependent upon the artifacts they did leave． Every artifact is like a piece of a puzzle; if even one piece is missing, the puzzle isn’t complete． Archaeologists are unable to understand a past culture and how people interacted with the environment if any of the evidence is missing or altered．

　　The past human life that an archaeologist studies is a heritage that we all share． It is our re-sponsibility to respect and preserve this heritage by reporting archaeological finds to any archaeologist and not disturbing (not removing) archaeological sites．

　　Help save the past for the future．

1．The things in an archaeology site are the reflection of history．

2．The artifacts and features we see are not the only links to understanding the past．

3．If any artifact is missing, it may bring the archaeologist a lot of trouble to understand the past culture．

4．Prehistoric people had written records or diaries to leave for the future．

5．If we protect the heritage , we are saving the past for the future．

阅读训练

阅读下面短文，判断句子的正(T)误(F)。

　　Every year the U． S． government keeps records of inventions． Of these only a few become popular and make a lot of money． There are thousands of inventions that nobody wants． Here are some of those．

　　In 1879, somebody invented a new type of “fire escape” , This was a special “hat” which had a parachute on top． You attached the hat with a strap under your chin． With this special hat on you could jump from a building on fire and float safely down． With it there was also a special pair of shoes with thick rubber soles, so the person landed safely．

　　There was a special alarm clock for people who had problems ：waking up in the morning． This clock had sixty pieces of wood that hung above your head． At the right time, the pies of wood dropped down on you when you were sleeping． They hit you but didn't hurt you． Therefore, you woke up．

　　Another invention was the bicycle seat to stop a thief． This seat had needles in it． When the owner rode the bicycle the needles were down． But when the bicycle was not in use, the needles were up． Therefore, a thief who jumped on the bike got a nice surprise !

1．The fire escape was a special “hat” with special shoes．

2．The special shoes of the fire escape became popular．

3．You attached the shoes to your chin．

4．The special alarm clock had special sound．

5．The special alarm clock hung over your head．

6．The bicycle seat to stop a thief had needles．

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，判断对错。

　　It was Saturday morning, Nicky and I were just finishing our shopping． “Let me see．．．” Nicky said． “ We’ve been to the supermarket , the baker’s and the greengrocer’s．．． Is that the lot?”

　　I looked at my list． “I just need a couple of things from the chemist's ,” I told her． “All right, ” Nicky said． “While you’re doing that, I'll just call in at the bookshop． ”

　　We arranged to meet at a cafe in a quarter of an hour． I arrived first． When Nicky came in, she looked quite excited．

　　“Did you find your book, then?” I asked as she sat down．

　　“Yes,” Nicky said．

　　“Something special?” I asked． I was curious because Nicky was not a great reader, except for newspapers and magazines． She sometimes borrowed books, but she rarely bought them．

　　“ Well , yes , ” Nicky admitted．

　　“What's all the mystery?” I asked． “Tell me all about it!”

　　“It isn't exactly a mystery, Kay,” Nicky began． I waited for her to go on． “Well, do you remember that woman who used to live opposite the church-Miss Hunter?”

　　“The one who used to wear funny clothes and had a large dog? Wasn’t she an artist?”

　　“Well, yes, ” Nicky said． “She did paint-but only as a hobby． As a matter of fact, she was a writer-and I've just bought her latest book! ” Nicky took the book out of her bag and passed it across the table． The title was “Death Comes to the Village”．

　　“A detective story,” I said． “Hey, do you think we're in it?”

　　“I’m pretty sure I am,” Nicky said, looking rather pleased with herself．“ You see, Miss Hunter and I were quite good friends and she often said she was going to put me into her next book!”

　　“Shall we have a look?” I asked． But Nicky picked the book up and put it in her bag． “I’d like to read it first, ” she said． “But I'll lend it to you, of course．．． ”

　　Some time passed after our meeting in the cafe and I heard nothing from Nicky． I decided to ring her up and ask about the book． “Oh, that!” she said in a small voice．

　　“You don’t sound very pleased , ” I said． “ Weren’t you in the book after all?”

　　“Yes, ” Nicky said． “I’m in the book all right! But who do you think I am? I’m the village post woman ! I pass on all the gossip in the village ! I even open letters sometimes ! I’m the most unpleasant person in the whole book! That woman is no friend of mine, I can tell you!”

1．Nicky first went to the chemist’s and then to the bookshop．

2．Nicky found the book she was looking for in the bookshop．

3．Nicky enjoyed reading books and read a lot．

4．Miss Hunter painted pictures for a living．

5．Nicky was quite happy because she believed she would be put in Hunter's new book．

6．Nicky lent the book to the author before reading it herself．

7．Miss Hunter's description of Nicky in the book was unfavorable．

阅读训练

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，判断句子的正(T)误(F)。

　　The Americans believe that anybody can become President of the United States． In a recent Hollywood comedy , that is exactly what happens．

　　Dave Kovic, played by Kevin Kline, is a kind-hearted man who runs a business that finds people jobs． He leads a typical American way of life, except for one thing－ he looks exactly like the President, Bill Mitchell． In fact, the only thing that makes him different from the nation’s leader is that he is very nice!

　　The president has started using look-alikes during some public appearances． Dave is offered a chance to “serve his country” by becoming one． However, things go wrong． The President be-comes very ill and Dave ends up acting as the President forever．

　　Director Ivan Reitman, who made the popular and successful comedies like Twins, Ghost-busters and Legal Eagles, could have gone for easy laughs by making fun of the American government． Instead, Dave is an attractive comedy about an ordinary man in extraordinary situations． Kevin Kline gives a double performance as Dave and the President, and Sigourney Weaver is at her best as his First Lady． The love story that develops between her role and Dave is a real classic．

　　The film is 100% American． However, if you've ever felt that anybody could do a better job running the country than the people in power, then you'll enjoy Dave!

1．The purpose of this passage is to introduce a new film to the readers．

2．Dave looks like the President and has nothing different from the leader．

3．The author thinks highly of the film．

4．The underlined word “one” in the 3rd paragraph refers to a look-alike．

5．The author wishes to become the American President．

阅读训练

阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，判断句子的正(T)误(F)。

　　I have a rule for travel： Never carry a map． I prefer to ask for directions (方向)．

　　Foreign visitors are often puzzled in Japan because most streets there don’t have names． In Japan, people use landmarks in their directions instead of street names． For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner． Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market． The post office is across from the bus stop．”

　　In the countryside of the American Midwest, usually there are not many landmarks． There are no mountains, so the land is very flat (平坦的)． In many places there are no towns or buildings within miles． Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distance． In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles． Turn east, and then go another mile． ”

　　People in Los Angeles , California, have no idea of distance on the map：They measure distance by means of time, not miles． “How far away is the post office?” you ask． “Oh,” they answer, “It's about five minutes from here． you say, ”Yes, but how many miles away is it? They don't know．

　　People in Greece sometimes do not even try to give directions because visitors seldom under-stand the Greek language． Instead of giving you the direction, a Greek will often say, “Follow me． ” Then he'll lead you through the streets of the city to the post office．

　　Sometimes a person doesn't know the answer to your question． What happens in this situation? A New Yorker might say, “Sorry, I have no idea． ” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers, “ I don’t know． ” People in Yucatan think that “ I don’t know” is impolite． They usually give an answer, often a wrong one． A visitor can get very, very lost in Yucatan!

　　One thing will help you everywhere-in Japan, in the United States． In Greece, in Mexico, or in any other place． You might not understand a person’s words , but maybe you can understand his body language． He or she will usually turn and then point in the correct direction． Go in that direction, and you may find the post office!

1．The passage mainly tells us that there are different ways to give directions in different parts of the world．

2．In Japan, people use landmarks in their directions．

3．In Greece, people tell distance by means of time．

4．People in different places always give directions in the same way： they use street names．

5．Travelers can learn about people’s customs by asking questions about directions．