阅读理解

　　Directions：Read this passage，and choose the most suitable heading from the list for the paragraph of the passage．There is one extra heading．

1．________

　　People with intellectual disability form one of the largest single disability groups in a community．Intellectual disability refers to a general slowness to learn and function within society，and the identification of intellectual disability is usually based on an assessment of a person's performance in a variety of tests．An individual's level of performance，as assessed，can change with time and circumstances．With skilled training and opportunity for development，people with intellectual disability have much greater potential for acquiring skills and for participation in community life than previously had been thought possible．

2．________

　　In many western societies，five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning．All five may occur in either children，adolescent or adult，and show as mild，moderate，severe，profound or multiple intellectual disability．

3．________

　　For the majority of intellectual disabilities，there is no identifiable cause but there are some causes that are well documented．They include：brain damage at birth due to lack of oxygen-prolonged labor during childbirth；brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella，drug or diet-related problems；damage after birth due to illnesses such as encephalitis or accident；hereditary defects in the genes； abnormal chromosome count resulting in，for example，Down Syndrome．

4．________

　　Like everyone else，people with an intellectual disability need a rewarding job，a satisfying place to live and a good social life．But they may need extra support to achieve these things．Good support services are based on the principle of normalization-which means enabling people to be part of the community like everyone else．

5．________

　　With the introduction of the intellectually disabled into communities，there is a need to promote awareness of communication．Although many people may have little experience in talking with an intellectually disabled person，the are common guidelines that can simplify the interaction．Firstly，it is useful to remember that people with disabilities have feelings．Speaking in the same friendly manner as you would to anyone else is also recommended．Being prepared to wait a little longer for replies during a conversation with an intellectually disabled person would undoubtedly benefit the exchange．

A．What do people with an intellectual disability need？

B．What is intellectual disability？

L．How do people with an intellectual disability talk？

D．What are the forms of intellectual disability？

E．What causes intellectual disability？

F．How do you talk to a person with an intellectual disability？

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

　　Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from AF for each paragraph．There are extra headings which you do not need．

　　1．________

　　Advertisements come in many different sizes and shapes these days．In cities，you can see them on the sides of buses，taxis and trains．There are advertisements high up on the sides of buildings，lit up by day and by night to catch our attention．Many people are walking advertisements！The names of famous brands（商标，牌子），like Nike，Pepsi，Guess and

Apple，appear on shoes，clothing and bags．So when people go about their daily lives using these branded products，they are helping the manufacturers to sell more of them．

　　2．________

　　It is the goal of every company to get you to recognize its name．To do this，he company's name is always printed in the same way，using the same letters and the same colors．So，when customers see the same“look”to the company name day-in and day-out（日复一日，每天），they begin to recognize it without having to read it．When this happens，the advertisement is a success．The buyer recognizes the brand on certain products when they are shopping．So they are more inclined（倾向于）to purchase these products instead of the ones whose brands they don't know as well．This technique is called“brand recognition”and it is a clever way to increase company sales．It is very widely Practiced in the advertising industry．You might like to make a list of the brands that you recognize and see if you have bought those products．When you do this exercise you will agree that advertising has influenced（影响）the way you buy things and use them in your life．

　　3．________

　　Advertisements can be placed nearly everywhere and they have become enormously popular on the Internet．That means that customers can see them at any time and from any place，provided they can access（进入）the Internet．A new type of commerce has developed，called e-commerce（“ e”stands for electronic），and every kind of product can be bought and sold using the Internet．This latest marketplace is very new and exciting，and many experts believe that it will change the way that advertising，shopping and commerce are done In the future．

　　4．________

　　We cannot predict the future of advertising，but one thing is certainadvertisements are here to stay and will always be a source of information，humor，creativity and innovation （创新）which influences our lives．

阅读理解

　　A man came home from work late，tired and irritated(生气的，不耐烦的), to find his 5-year-old son waiting for him at the door.

　　“Daddy, may I ask you a question?”

　　“Yeah sure, what is it?”replied the man.

　　“Daddy, how much do you make an hour?”

　　“That's none of your business. Why do you ask such a thing?”the man said angrily.

　　“I just want to know. Please tell me，how much do you make an hour?”pleaded the little boy.

　　“If vou must know, I make $20 an hour.”

　　“Oh,”the little boy replied, with his head down. Looking up, he said,“Daddy, may I please borrow $10?”

　　The father was furious(生气的),“If the only reason you asked that is so you can borrow some money to buy a silly toy or some other nonsense, then you march yourself straight to your room and go to bed. Think about why you are being so selfish. I work hard every day for such childish behavior.”The little boy quietly went to his room and shut the door. The man sat down and, started to get even angrier about the little boy's questions. How dare he ask such questions only to get some money? After about an hour or so, the man had calmed down, and started to think: Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10 and he really didn't ask for money very often. The man went to the door of the little boy's room and opened the door.“Are you asleep, son?”He asked.

　　“No, daddy, I'm awake,”replied the boy.

　　“I've been thinking, maybe I was too hard on you earlier,”said the man.“It's been a long day and I took out my aggravation(怒气) on you. Here's the $10 you asked for.”

　　The little boy sat straight up, smiling.“Oh. thank you, daddy!”He yelled. Then, reaching under his pillow he pulled out some crumpled(皱皱巴巴的) up bills. The man, seeing that the boy already had money, started to get angry again. The little boy slowly counted out his money, then looked up at his father.

　　“Why do you want more money if you already have some?”the father grumbled.

　　“Because I didn't have enough, but now I do,”the little boy replied.

　　“Daddy, I have $ 20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow. I would like to have dinner with you.”

1．When the man came home from work late. he _____.

[　　]

A．was tired but happy

B．was tired and angry at his son's question

C．was tired but happy to find his son waiting for him at the door

D．was tired and angry to find his son waiting for him at the door

2．The little boy asked the question _____.

[　　]

A．because he wanted to have dinner with his father

B．in order to borrow some money from his father to buy something

C．because he wanted to buy a toy

D．because he was just curious to know

3．After an hour or so, the man went to the little boy's room and _____.

[　　]

A．saw if the boy was asleep

B．asked him what he needed to buy with that $10

C．said sorry to his son

D．gave $10 to his son

4．From this passage, we can infer that _____.

[　　]

A．the boy would like to have dinner with his father

B．the boy often asked for money to buy some nonsense

C．the boy loved his father very much

D．the man would get even angrier angrier at last

阅读理解

　　Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day.“I was a clothes addict,”he jokes.“I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.”Today David wears casual clothes--khaki pants and sports shirt--to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie.“I'm working harder than ever,”David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”

　　More and more companies are allowing their office workers change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday). This“What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing,”said business consultant，Maisly Jones.

　　Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it's easier for a company to attract new employees if it has a casual dress code.“A lot of young people don't want to dress up for work,”says the owner of a software company,“so it’s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.”Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money.“Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,”one person said.“For the same amount of money，you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”

1．David Smith refers to himself as having been“a clothes addict”because _____.

[　　]

A．he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt

B．he couldn't stand a clean appearance

D．he didn't want to spend much money on clothes

2．David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _____.

[　　]

A．they make him feel at ease when working

B．he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes

D．he no longer works for any company

3．According to this passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

[　　]

A．Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago.

B．Dress down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s.

C．“Dress-down Friday”was first given as a favor from employers.

D．Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.

阅读理解

　　A woman president? Many American women have bravely but unsuccessfully run for President of the United States: Victoria Woodhull, Shirley Chisholm and Geraldine Ferraro to name a few. But when an American woman named Janet Jagan ran for president of Guyana, she actually won.

　　Janet Jagan was a trained nurse from Chicago. In 1943, when she was twenty-three, she went to Guyana to work in the dental(牙科) office of Dr. Cheddi Jagan. Janet Jagan immediately became involved in the Guyanan labor movement, and in 1946 helped to found the Women's Political and Economic Organisation(W.P.E.O.) and the Political Aflairs Committee(P.A.C.), and began editing the P.A.C. newspaper. In 1950 she co-founded the People's Progressive Party along with her husband, Cheddi Jagan. This party was instrumental in achieving Guyana's independence from British rule.

　　While her husband gained fame in the P.P.P., Janet Jagan continued as a leader in the struggle for workers' rights. In 1970, she was elected president of the Union of Guyanese Journalists(UGJ), and from 1973 to 1997, edited the Mirror, a national newspaper.

　　The People's Progressive Party had refused to cooperate with the government for many years to protest the dishonest control of elections. In 1992, after the first free presidential election, Dr. Cheddi Jagan became president of Guyana.

　　In 1997 President Jagan died, and Janet Jagan ran successfully for president. On Dec. 19, 1997. Janet Jagan was sworn in as the first woman president of the Republic of Guyana. Unfortunately, she was only able to serve for 20 months. On August 8, 1999,Janet Jagan resigned from her ground-breaking post for health reasons.

1．Which of the following is true about Janet Jagan?

[　　]

A．She was the only woman who had successfully run for President of the U.S.

B．She was such a good nurse that she won the Guyanese people's respect.

C．She was a woman with strong interest in politics.

D．She became president of Guyana a few years after her husband's death.

2．How old was Janet Jagan when she became president of the country?

[　　]

A．75.　　　B．30.

C．50.　　　D．77.

3．The underlined word“resigned”most probably means _____.

[　　]

A．辞职　　　B．病倒

C．倒台　　　D．再起

阅读理解

　　Wouldn't it be great to get paid to not work? This isn't just a dream at companies that offer sabbaticals(休假). Employers say they're a valuable way to give their workers a change of scenery and prevent them from being tired out. Unfortunately, only 3％ of companies offer paid sabbaticals (12％offer unpaid), according to the Society for Human Resource Management(SHRM). But even if you're not lucky enough to work for one of them, you can still enjoy a break. Three choices:

　　Chunk of Time. To get a lengthier break than normal, save long weekends for vacation time, delay your days off till next year, borrow some time from next year to use now, or use extratime off for overtime hours, suggests Bonnie Michaels, president of the Society.

　　Unpaid Time. If your family has no money problem, ask for a longer leave without pay.“But do your homework first,”says Michaels. Research the costs for your break, plan your break at a time during which your company is not operating if possible, then be business like and present your leave proposal so that your manager will believe that you'll work better if you are more energetic after the leave.

　　No Time. Just can't get away? Read How to Take a Sabbatical without Taking More than a Week Off(Simon & Schuster),by Pam Ammondson, which shows an eight-week program to renew your energy and reduce your stress even while you're working.

1．The words“one of them”in the first paragraph refer to _____.

[　　]

A．12％ of companies that offer unpaid sabbaticals

B．a company that offers paid sabbaticals

C．one of the three choices

D．SHRM

2．The writer describes three choices to make the point that _____.

[　　]

A．busy employees can also enjoy longer holidays

B．it is the employees' right to have a paid holiday every year

C．an eight-week program to renew your energy is the best choice

D．employees should persuade their managers to give them sabbaticals

3．When Michaels says that you should do your homework first, he means before asking for a leave _____.

[　　]

A．you should work hard to satisfy your manager

B．you should finish all the work that is required of you

C．you should talk to your manager about the cost for your break

D．you should find out the basic information and facts about yourjob

4．Which of the following information can you probably find in the book by Ammondson?

[　　]

A．Advice on planning a paid leave.

B．Advice on managing your traveling cost.

C．Ways of making the best use of your weekend breaks.

D．Ways of persuading your manager to give you a sabbatical.

5．The best title for the text would be _____.

[　　]

A．Do-It-Yourself Sabbatical

B．Paid and Unpaid Sabbatical

C．What to Do in Your Sabbatical

D．How to Win a Paid Sabbatical

阅读理解

　　The Japanese have genius(天才) for dreaming up small, useful and fun machines. You must have used or at least heard of Sony's walkman, Nintendo or Sega's video games, and Bandai's Tamagotchi. And how about karaoke, invented by Daisuke Inoue?

　　Daisuke who? Not many people have heard of him, and he never made much money from his invention. But anyone who has ever experienced the thrill(刺激) of singing karaoke in front of a crowd has Mr Inoue to thank….

　　Daisuke Inoue is an easygoing man with a quick smile. He was born in the suburbs of Osaka in 1940. At Osaka Technical High School he took up the drums because, he says,“All you have to do is hit them.”Before long he was making money as a drummer in a Hawaiian band that played in the old dancehalls left behind by American soldiers.

　　By 1970, he and six partners were playing the clubs of nearby Kobe, accompanying(陪伴) middle-aged businessmen who wanted to sing traditional Japanese country and even army songs. His friends, Inoue says, could all read music and so they could pick up the latest tunes(曲调). He, on the other hand, had to rely on memory and play by following the lips of the singer as they moved.“Out of 108 club musicians in Kobe,”he says,“I was the worst! And the clients(顾客) in my club were the worst singers!”

　　One client, the president of a small steel company，was especially fond of Inoue's slow, follow-along style. It made the president's bad, out-of-time singing sound much better. One evening he wanted Inoue to play for him on a trip to a hot springs resort(胜地). The boss wanted to sing Frank Nagai's Leaving Haneda Airport on a 7:50 Flight for his friends. But Inoue was unable to leave his job.

　　To help out his most loyal client, he decided to provide him with a tape. Inoue wouldn't be there, but the singer would still have his accompaniment. Karaoke was born.

1．Daisuke Inoue took up the drums at high school because _____.

[　　]

A．they were his favourite musical instruments

B．he knew they would help him make money

C．he thought they were easy to learn

D．it was easy for a drummer to find a job

2．What does the underlined word“they”stand for?

[　　]

A．His partners.　　　　B．His friends.

C．The latest tunes.　　 D．The singer's lips.

3．From this passage we know Daisuke Inoue was _____.

[　　]

A．an outstanding musician

B．not quite good at music

C．a good singer and dancer

D．good at inventing things

4．Why did the president like Inoue's playing so much?

[　　]

A．Because Inoue followed his singing.

B．Because Inoue played very well.

C．Because he had got used to Inoue's fast, exciting style.

D．Because Inoue was an easy-going man with a quick smile.

阅读理解

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　　Your training includes everything you need! Books, lessons, learning aids--even professional quality tools and equipment--everything you need to master your training and move ahead to a new career is included in the low tuition(学费) price you pay.

　　Your education is nationally recognized!

　　Nearly 2000 American companies--including General Electric, IBM, General Motors, Ford, and many others have used our training for their employees. If companies like these recognize the value of our training, you can be sure that employers in your area will, too!

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　　The career of your dreams is closer than you think! Even if you have no experience before, you can get valuable job skills in today's hottest fields! Step-by-step lessons make learning easy. Prepare for promotions, pay raises, even start a business of your own!

　　Send today for FREE information about Harcourt at-home training!

　　Simply fill in your name and address on the coupon(登记表) above. Then, write in the name and number of the one program you're most interested in, and mail it today. We'll rush you free information about how you can take advantage of the opportunities in the field you've chosen. Act today!

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1．What kind of people will probably answer this advertisement?

[　　]

A．College students preparing to work in some big companies.

B．College students preparing to study for a degree.

C．High school graduates preparing to have at-home training.

D．High school graduates preparing for college entrance examinations.

2．Which major is NOT mentioned in the advertisement?

[　　]

A．Photography.　　　B．Physiology.

C．Accounting.　　　 D．Bookkeeping.

3．People can get a Specialized Associate Degree by _____.

[　　]

A．doing full-time learning at school

B．working in some big famous companies

C．studying in their spare time

D．studying abroad for two years

4．How can you contact Harcourt Learning Direct?

[　　]

A．By sending an e-mail.

B．By visiting the office on weekdays.

C．By making a call on weekdays only.

D．By sending a letter not later than today.

阅读理解

　　The weather is not beautiful all of the time. Perhaps you can remember a day when bad weather made you afraid. One kind of bad weather that frightens(惊吓) many people is called a thunderstorm(雷暴雨).

　　This is what happens when there is a thunderstorm. First you see a sudden flash(闪亮) of bright light. A few seconds later you hear a loud rumbling sound. This quick flash is called lightning, and the loud sound is called thunder. Lightning is colorful, but it can cause serious problems.

　　Lightning is electricity that is moving very rapidly. It may be moving between a cloud and the ground，between two clouds, or between two parts of the same cloud. The lightning heats the air around it. This hot air expands(扩大)or gets bigger, and it causes the air to move in waves which pass you in a series(系列), one after another. For this reason, you may hear many rumbles and not just one sound.

1．A good title for this selection is _____.

[　　]

A．Air Waves

B．Lightning and People

C．The Weather Is Not Beautiful All of the Time

D．Thunderstorms

2．The word“rumble”in this passage means _____.

[　　]

A．a sharp voice

B．a loud and joyful sound

C．a sudden flash

D．a deep, heavy continuous sound

3．When you hear thunder, you may hear a series of loud sounds and not one big sound. This is because _____.

[　　]

A．the hot air moves between two clouds

B．the air waves pass one after another

C．the thunder comes after the lightning

D．the lightning comes after the thunder

4．Which of these is NOT TRUE about thunder and lightning?

[　　]

A．Lightning may move between a cloud and the ground.

B．Thunder is a very bright light in a thunderstorm.

C．Lightning is electricity.

D．Lightning heats the air around it and causes the air to move in waves.

5．Lightning always moves _____.

[　　]

A．between two clouds

B．in waves

C．in a series

D．rapidly

阅读理解

　　Young people need to understand how our society depends upon scientific and technological advancement and to realize that science is a basic part of modern living. The scientific process and the knowledge produced cannot be considered to be ends in themselves, except for the classical scientist. A student should understand the relation of basic research to applied research, and the connection between technological developments and human affairs. More of technology than science will be involved in social decisions，but both are important in public policy.

　　The knowledge and methods of science are of little importance if there is no inclination to use them properly. An open mind, a desire for accurate knowledge, confidence in the procedures for seeking knowledge, and the expectation that the solution of problems will come from the use of tested and proven knowledge--these are among the“scientific attitudes”.

　　Science instruction should acquaint students with career possibilities in technical fields and in science teaching. A continuous effort should be made to identify and encourage those who develop special interests. They should be given opportunities for some direct experience of a professional nature; they should also learn about the extent of the various science fields and how these fields are related to each other. But it is even more important for young people to acquire those skills and abilities that will enable them to take the responsibilities for expanding their own learning.

1．According to the first paragraph, the young people must _____.

[　　]

A．devote themselves for science

B．devote themselves for the socialism

C．understand and realize that science is a basic part of modern living

D．be well-educated and to get more knowledge for our construction

2．The word“ends”(Paragraph 1)most probably means _____.

[　　]

A．purpose　　　　B．results

C．advances　　　 D．conclusions

3．Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

[　　]

A．Both technology and science are important in social decisions.

B．Technology is more important than science in social decisions.

C．Science is more important than technology in social decisions.

D．The knowledge and method of science are more important than those of technology.

4．Which of the following is NOT a factor of“scientific attitudes”?

[　　]

A．An open mind.

B．Accurate knowledge.

C．Confidence in the process for seeking knowledge.

D．The expectation that the solution of problems will come from.

5．According to the passage, it is more important for young people to _____.

[　　]

A．develop special interests in technical fields

B．get more opportunities for broadening their knowledge

C．take the responsibilities for broadening their knowledge

D．acquire the skills and abilities for broading their knowledge