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　　I consider myself something of an expert apologies. A quick temper has 1 me with plenty of opportunities (机会)to make them. In one of my earliest 2 , my mother was telling me, “Don't watch the 3 when you say, ‘ I' m sorry. ’ Hold your head up and look the person in the 4 , so he'll know you 5 it . ”

　　My mother thus made the key point of a ( n) 6 apology : It must be direct. You must never 7 to be doing something else. You do not 8 a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 9 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your 10 . You do not apologize to a hostess (主人), whose guest of honor you treat 11, by sending flowers the next day without mentioning your bad 12 .

　　One of the important things you should do for an 13 apology is a readiness to 14 the responsibility (责任)for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 15 for the other person to 16 us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 17 about themselves. That, after all, is the 18 of every apology. It 19 little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault: Answering for one's 20 encourages others to take their share of the blame.

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　　If indeed silence is golden, It is also becoming as rare as gold. It seems that the 1 of man includes a 2 volume of noise. In every 3 a stereo or television will 4 the rooms with sound. Between sunrise and sunset, streets and 5 are a constant source of 6 from cars, buses, and trucks. You can pass any factory or 7 area and the roar of its machinery will make your ears 8 Music is 9 in every supermarket, most restaurants, and many offices. Big cities of the world are 10 for their noisiness.

　　Noise 11 is the new 12 effect of our technological age. Day or night, the sound of 13 fills the air. It seems that the soothing effects of silence are 14 to be found. Even the quiet of our 15 protected wilderness areas can be invaded at any moment by a passing 16 .

　　We are learning, finally, that 17 is a natural resource and must be protected by 18 . It appears that we all find 19 in sound, but at the same time, we all 20 a little quiet from time to time .

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　　In 1895, a man named Raymond Kroc entered a partnership company with two brothers named McDonald. They 1 a popular restaurant in Califormia 2 sold food that was easy to prepare and 3 quickly. Hamburgers, French fries, and cold drinks were the 4 food there. Kroc opened similar eating places 5 the same name “ McDonald ”, and they were very successful . He later 6 the company, and today it is one of the most famous and successful “fast food” in America and the world .

　　Why was Kroc's idea so successful? Probably the most 7 reason was that his timing was right. In the 1950's most 8 women stayed home to keep house and 9 their children. In 1960's many women 10 to the workplace. This meant that they had less time and energy 11 housework and preparations 12 meals so they 13 more on “TV dinners”and fast-food restaurants. Single parents also have 14 time to spend in the kitchen. People 15 alone also depend on this type of food, since cooking for one is often 16 trouble than it is worth.

　　Fast-food is rat part of the 17 of all Americans. Another tend (倾向)of the 1960's, sometimes called the back-to-nature movement 18 many people to avoid food 19 was prepared and put in bags. This preference(偏爱)for 20 foods continues to this day.

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阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A，B，C，D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．

　　Tennis is very popular with people of all ages throughout the world. The tennis world has four big 1 , which are Wimbledon, the French Open, the US Open and the Australian Open. The best tennis 2 in the world can be found from these championships. All of these championships are held 3 a year, and they each give 4 , or titles, for different kinds of tennis competition.

　　Tennis players may 5 in singles where only one person plays, women's or 6 doubles where two women or two men play as a team, or 7 doubles where one man and one woman play 8 as one team.

　　 9 a player holds the singles prize or title 10 all four of the big tennis competitions at 11 time, the player has 12 “grand slam” of tennis, the biggest title. This is very 13 to do so. Since 1969, only 14 people have won the grand slam. The grand slam has been won by two women-Margaret Court from Australia in 1970 and Steff Graf from Germany in 1988．The 15 man to win the grand slam was Rod Leaver from Australia in 1969．Even though it may be difficult to win all four singles titles in one year, there are 16 famous tennis players from around the world who have won quite a few singles titles. Sometimes these players win two or even 17 titles in one year, but they cannot 18 in winning the grand slam.

　　In single's competitions, Margaret Court holds the 19 by far for winning the most titles during the years in which she played tennis. She won a 20 of 24 women's singles titles between 1960 and 1973, Martina Novratilove holds eighteen titles from women's singles competitions, and Bille-Jean King holds 12.

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阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．

　　I am my mother's third child. When I was born, her doctor gently explained to my mother that my left arm was 1 below the elbow. Then he gave her some 2 ,“Don't treat her any 3 from other girls. Demand more.”And she 4 !

　　My mother had to work to 5 our family. There were five girls in our family and we all had to 6 . Once when I was about seven, I came out of the 7 , “Mom, I can't peel potatoes. I only have one hand.”

　　“You get back to peel those potatoes, and don't ever use that as a (n) 8 for anything again!”

　　Of course I could peel potatoeswith my good hand, while holding them down with my 9 arm. There was always a 10 , and Mom knew it. “If you try hard 11 ,”she'd say, “you can do anything.”

　　Once in the second grade, our teacher had each of us race across the monkey bars(高低杠).

　　When it was my turn, I 12 my head. Some kids 13 . I went home crying. After work the next afternoon, Mom 14 me back to the school playground.

　　“Now, 15 up with your right arm,”she advised. She stood by 16 I practised, and she 17 me when I made progress.

　　I'll never forget the 18 time I was crossing the bars. The kids were standing there with their mouths open. It was the way with everything. When I 19 I can't handle things, I see Mom's smile again She had the heart to 20 anything. And she taught me, I could, too.

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阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．

　　Here is Alaska, the wolf(狼) almost disappeared a few years ago, because hunters (猎人) were killing hundreds of them for sports. 1 , laws were passed to protect the wolves from 2 and people who catch the animals for their 3 . So the wolf population has greatly 4 . Now there are so many wolves that they are 5 their own food 6 .

　　A wolf naturally lives on animals in the deer 7 . People there also hunt deer for 8 . Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters 9 and by changes in the 10 life there. When the deer can't find 11 food, they die.

If the wolves 12 to kill large numbers of deer, the deer will 13 some day. And the wolves will, too. So we must 14 the cycle(循环) of life there. If we killed more wolves, we would 15 them from starving(饿死). We also save deer and some 16 animals.

　　In another northern state, wolves attack(袭击) 17 and chickens for food. Farmers 18 the United States government to send a 19 of scientists to study the problem. They believe it is 20 to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small population.

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阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．

　　In schools all over the world boys and girls are learning foreign languages. Everybody knows his own language. But another one is 1 . Especially when we travel to other 2 .If we go to France, we should be able to speak 3 . And in Germany people will expect us to understand German.

　　English is one of the most important languages because so many people use it, 4 in England and the United States. But in other parts of the world French is also 5 an important language and English children study it. An Englishman 6 usually find someone in almost all parts of the world who 7 to talk to him either in English or in French.

　　What is the best 8 to learn a language? We should 9 we all learn our own language 10 when we were children. If we could learn 11 second language in the same way, it would not 12 so difficult. Think of what a small child does. It 13 to what people say and it tries to imitate what it hears. When it 14 something. It has to ask for it. It is using the language 15 and thinking in it all the time. 16 people had to use a second language. They would learn quickly.

　　It is important to remember, also, that we learn our own language by 17 people speak it not by seeing what they 18 . We imitate what we hear. In school although you learn to read and write as well as to hear and speak, it is best to learn all the new 19 through the ear. You can read them, 20 them, and write them later.

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　　In ancient times, the most important exams were spoken, not written. In the 1 of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually 2 saying poetry aloud or giving speeches.

　　In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were 3 for advanced degrees had to 4 questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This 5 exists today as part of the process of 6 candidates (应试者) for the doctor's degree.

　　Generally, 7 , modern exams are written. The written exam, 8 all students are tested on the same questions, was probably 9 until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into 10 with the great 11 in population and the great development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state exam, 12 exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, is similar to a group of 13 at an automobile factory. Certainly, during exams teachers and students are 14 to act like machines.

　　One type of test is sometimes 15 an “objective test”. It is intended to deal with facts, not 16 opinions. To 17 an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has 18 one correct answer. Along with each question, the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that 19 answers to students who have not learned the material 20 .

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完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．

　　We were 1 to gather up our things and return to our car when a man came up. He looked very 2 indeed and asked us 3 if we knew that these grounds were his own. Father looked troubled and the man 4 a notice, which said that camping (宿营) was strictly forbidden. 5 Father explained that he had not seen the 6 and did not know that camping was not allowed. 7 Father apologized, the man did not seem satisfied. He asked Father for name and 8 . All the way home, we were so 9 that hardly anyone spoke a word. This unpleasant thing had spoiled(迫害) a wonderful day in the 10 .

　　For the rest of the week, we 11 what would happen. The following Sunday, we stayed at home even though it was a 12 day. About noon, a large and very expensive 13 stopped outside our house. We were surprised when we saw several people preparing to have a picnic(野餐) in our small 14 . Father got very angry and went to ask them what they thought they were doing. You can imagine how 15 he was when he saw the man who had taken our address the week before! Both men burst out 16 and Father welcomed the strangers into the house. We became good 17 And we learned a lesson we have never 18 . That's “Don't do to others 19 you don't like to 20 to you.”

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　　Rivers can be young, 1 and old. Young rivers are the 2 that are busy 3 valleys shaped like the letter V 4 they rush down from mountain. The 5 water and pieces of rock 6 down the river and rub away the land. These pieces of rock become 7 rounded stones and sand, soil is washed 8 the river in the 9 of mud.

　　After many 10 years, the mountains and the slopes(斜坡) on 11 side of the river 12 worn down (磨掉). As valley becomes 14 and its shape looks more 15 the letter U. This is a middle-aged river.

　　An 16 river has almost finished the job of wearing away the land. The land along 17 banks is 18 . The water moves 19 , except at flood times, and 20 only fine mud. It winds(蜿蜒)like the letter S through the wide plain(平原).

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