Disney was a famous name, a name that means entertainment(娱乐)，generation after generation, in every country in the world．Today Walt Disney Production is an international company, but it began with one man．

　　Walt Disney was born on December 5,1901, Illinois, USA．In his teens he began to learn art and was one of the first people to go into the new movie business．His early film work was not successful at all．

　　Walt Disney decided to move to Hollywood later．It was great decision．In 1926 he created(创造)his famous cartoon character, Mickey Mouse．It appeared in his first“Talking Picture”in 1928, and was immediately popular．The film was called“Steamboat Willie”．Soon, Mickey and his friend Minnie and Donald were international superstars, and Walt Disney became a millionaire．

　　He built on his success with other cartoons．He spent all his money on a full－length cartoon and brought out“Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs”in 1935, which the people paid millions of dollars to see．

　　Walt Disney died in 1966, but Mickey Mouse continued to live with Donald Duck, Pluto and many other Disney's characters．And every day, somewhere in the world,“Snow White”,“Cinderella”, and“Sleeping Beauty”are shown in movie theatres or on television．There is a channel on American for Disney Productions, the Disney Channel．

　　Walt Disney also created Disneyland near Los Angeles in California and then Disney World in Orlando, Florida．Millions of children and adults visit these and other Disney parks every year．

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Men sometimes say：“We are better and cleverer than women．Women never invented things．We do．”It is true that men have invented a lot of useful things：the alphabet, machines, rockets, and guns, too．But scientists and archeologists(考古学家)now agree that women invented one very important thing．It had changed the history．They invented agriculture．Before the invention of agriculture men were hunters．They went out every day．Sometimes they killed animals－sometimes animals killed them．Life was difficult and dangerous．Women had to go out every day, too．They collected roots, fruit and grass．Then, one day, more than 10,000 years ago, a woman dropped some grass seeds．She dropped them near her home in the Middle East．They grew－and the first wheat was born．The idea grew, too．Women planted roots and fruit trees．Then they could stay at home and look after the children and the animals．Women liked baby animals：dogs, cows, sheep and goats．That idea grew, too．Then their husbands did not have to go huntings for meat．They stayed at home．They built villages and cities．Men began civilization after women invented agriculture．

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阅读理解

　　Michael, a typical American, stays home on workdays．He plugs into his personal computer terminal(终端)in order to connect with the office, watches a movie on his home video recorder, or plays baseball on the computer．On many days, Michael doesn't talk to any other human beings, and he doesn't see any people except the ones on television．Michael is imaginary, but his life style is very possible．The inventions of modern technology seem to be cutting us off from contact with our fellow human beings．

　　The world of business is one area in which technology is isolating(使疏远)us．Experts say, for example, that many people will soon be able to work at home．With access to a large central computer, employees such as office clerks, insurance agents, and accountants could do their jobs at display terminals in their homes．They would never have to actually see the people they are dealing with．In addition, the way employees are paid will change．Workers' salaries will be automatically paid into their bank accounts, making paper checks unnecessary．No workers will stand in line to receive their pay or cash their checks．Personal banking will change, too．Customers will deal with machines to put in or take out from their accounts．

　　Another area that technology is changing is entertainment．Music, for instance, was once a group experience．People listened to music at concert halls or in small social gatherings．For many people now, however, music is an individual experience．Walking along the street or sitting in their living rooms, they wear headphones to build a wall of music around them．Movie entertainment is changing, too．Movie used to be social events．Now, fewer people are going out to see a movie．Many more are choosing to wait for a film to appear on television or are borrowing videotapes to watch at home．Instead of laughing with others, viewers watch movies in their own living rooms．

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　　1970 was World Conservation(保护)Year．The United Nations wanted everyone to know that the world is in danger．They hoped that governments would act quickly in order to conserve(保全)nature．Here is one example of the problem．At one time there were 1,300 different plants, trees and flowers in Holland but now only 866 remain．The others have been destroyed by modern man and his technology．We are changing the earth, the air and water, and everything that grows and lives．We can't live without these things．If we continue like this, we shall destroy ourselves．

　　What will happen in the future?Perhaps it is more important to ask“What must we do now?”．That people who will be living in the world of tomorrow are the young of today．A lot of them know the conservation is necessary．Many are helping to save our world．They plant trees, build bridges across rivers in forests, and so on．In a small town in the United States a large group of girls cleaned the banks of 11 kilometres of their river．Young people may hear about conservation through a record called“No one's going to change our world”．It was made by the Beatles, Cliff Richard and other singers．The money from it will help to conserve wild animals．

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　　In America many children act in TV shows．They work several hours every day, so they cannot go to a regular school．How do they get an education?

　　In Hollywood(好莱坞)where many TV shows are made, about forty teachers give lessons for the children in the shows．They teach wherever their pupils are working．

　　The teacher's job is very important．She is responsible for(对……负责)making sure that the child works only in the permitted hours each week．She is also responsible for making sure that the child learns the required subjects．She makes sure, too, that the child gets enough rest and play, along with his education．

　　Child actors(儿童演员)are required to attend classes twenty hours each week．California law says that they must be taught from September to the middle of June．If they do not get good marks, they are not permitted to continue working in TV shows．

　　TV children are usually good pupils, and most of their teachers like this special kind of work．Their classes are held in many interesting places．Sometimes the“classroom”is a Mississippi river boat．Sometimes it is the inside of a spaceship．Often the pupils become famous stars．

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　　Have you ever noticed advertisements which say“Learn a foreign language in 6 weeks, or your money back!From the first day your pronunciation will be excellent．Just send…?”and so on?Of course, it never happens, quite like that．The only language that is easy to learn is one's mother tongue．And think how much practice that gets!Before the Second World War people usually learnt a foreign language in order to read the literature of the country．Now speaking a foreign language is what most people want．Every year many millions of people start learning one．How do they do it?

　　Some people try at home, with books and records or tapes; some use radio or television programmes; some use computers and network; others go to evening classes．If they use the language only 2 or 3 times a week, learning it will take a long time, like learning a foreign language at school．A few people try to learn a language fast by studying for 6 or more hours a day．It is clearly easier to learn the language in the country where it is spoken．However, most people cannot afford this, and for many it is not necessary．They need the language in order to do their work better．For example, scientists and doctors chiefly need to be able to read books and reports in foreign language．Whether the language is learnt quickly or slowly, it is hard work．Machines and good books will help, but they cannot do the student's work for him．

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　　Our surroundings(环境)are being polluted faster than nature and man's present efforts cannot prevent it．Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities, and the growing use of man－made materials．

　　What can explain and solve this problem?The fact is that pollution is caused by man－by his desire(欲望)for a modern way of life．We make“increasing industrialization”(工业化)our chief aim．So we are often ready to offer everything：clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children．There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits(利益)of our modern society．But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, pollution has become a serious problem．

　　Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going and why it makes one think of the story about the airline pilot(飞行员)who told his passengers over the loudspeaker：“I've some good news and some bad news．The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour．The bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going．”The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when spoken of our modern society．

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　　Captain Joseph Mackey's airplane was flying over the ocean on its way to Great Britain when engine trouble started．He turned back and made a crash－landing at night in the deep snow of New foundland．All the men in the plane were killed except Captain Mackey who was badly hurt．

　　Captain Mackey waited all the next morning for an airplane to come in search of him．In the afternoon he set out to find help．He went about a mile but found that he was too weak to go on through the snow．Half walking and half crawling, he made his way back to the plane．

　　The second day many planes passed above him, but none of the pilots saw him．In his plane was a flask of aluminum powder(铝粉)．He poured this on a huge stone to make the stone shine, but the wind blew it off．

　　The third day Captain Mackey heard a plane coming nearer and nearer, flying very low．It flew right over him and passed on．Then he gave up hope of being found．In a few minutes the plane returned, and the pilot dipped one wing to get a clearer view．He had seen the aluminum powder blown by the wind on the snow．

　　The pilot came for a better look, and then he saw Captain Mackey waving his arms．Jim Allison, the pilot, was an old friend．Allison quickly climbed higher and sent a radio message．In a short time a plane came and dropped a sleeping bag, food, medicine and tools for Captain Mackey．Later two crappers arrived with a sled(雪橇)to rescue him．

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　　In the 19th century Americans from the eastern states moved out west to settle in the rich new lands along the Pacific Coast．The most difficult part of their trip was crossing the“Great American Desert”in the western part of the United States by horse and wagon．

　　The western desert can be very dangerous．There is little water and there are few trees．But the desert also has scenery of great beauty．Tall towers of red and yellow stone rise sharply from the flat, sandy valley floor．The scene has been photographed many times and appears in movies and in TV．

　　In Arizona, man－made dams across the Colorado River have made two large lakes in the middle of the dry desert country．At Lake Powell, the red stone arch of Rainhow Bridge rises high above the blue lake．

　　There are few road．Many areas of Lake Powell's shore can only be reached by boat or on foot．But hikers(徒步旅行者)in this empty desert land sometimes find very old native American pictures, painted on the rocks．

　　In Death Valley, California, the summer temperature rises to 130－165 degrees Fahrenheit．There is less than two inches of rain each year．Death Valley is the lowest place in America－925 metres below sea level．In the 1800s, many travellers died when they tried to cross this waterless valley in the terrible heat．

　　Although the desert is dry and seems empty, there is plenty of life if you look closely．Small insects, snakes, and rats have learned how to live in the desert heat．They live underground and come out at night, when it is cool．Plants such as cacti need very little water．When it does rain in the desert(sometimes only once or twice a year), plants grow quickly, and flowers open in a single day for a short time, the desert is covered with beautiful colour．

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