阅读理解

　　For thousands of years, man has enjoyed the taste of apples．Apples, which are about 85 percent water, grow almost everywhere in the world but the hottest and coldest areas(地区)．Among the leading countries in apple production are China, France and the United States．

　　There are various kinds of apples, but a very few make up the majority of those grown for sale．The three most common kinds grown in the United States are Delicious, Golden Delicious, and Mclntosh．

　　Apples are different in colour, size, and taste．The colour of the skin may be red, green, or yellow．They have various sizes, with Delicious apples being among the largest．The taste may be sweet or tart(酸的)．Generally, sweet apples are eaten fresh while tart apples are used to make applesauce(苹果酱)．?

　　Apple trees may grow as tall as twelve metres．They do best in areas that have very cold winters．Although no fruit is yielded during the winter, this cold period is good for the tree．

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　　The Olympic Games are the greatest festival of sport in the world．Every four years, a hundred or more countries send their best sportsmen to compete for the highest honors of the sport．As many as 6000 people take part in over 20 sports．For the winners, there are gold medals and glory．But there is honor, too, for all who compete, win or lose．That is the spirit of the Olympics－to take part is what matters．

　　The Olympic Games always start in bright color and action．The teams of all the nations parade in the opening ceremony and march round the track．The custom is for the Greek team to march in first．For it was in Greece that the Olympics began．

The team of the country where the Games are being held－the host country－marches in last．

　　The runner with the Olympic torch then enters the stadium and lights the flame．A sportsman from the host country takes the Olympic oath on behalf of all the com petitors．The judges and officials also take an oath．After the sportsmen march out of the stadium, the host country puts on a wonderful display．

　　The competition begins the next day．There are usually more than twenty sports in the Games．The rule is that there must be at least fifteen．The main events are in track and field, but it is a few days before these sports start．Each day the competitors take part in a different sport－riding, shooting, swimming, and cross-country running．Points are gained for each event．Medals are awarded for the individual winners and for national teams．

　　More and more women are taking part in the games．They first competed in 1900, in tennis and golf, which are no longer held in the Olympics．Women's swimming events were introduced in 1912, but it was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women．Now, they compete in all but half a dozen of the sports．In horse riding, shooting, and boat racing, they may compete in the same events as the men．

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The Story of Diego Maradona(马拉多纳)

　　The story of Diego Maradona, the Argentinian(阿根廷)football player, is the story of rise and fall of a poor man who became a world star, but paid the price of fame(名誉)．He is now at the end of a career(职业生涯)which saw him as the bright star of World Cup Football．In the 1990s, this career has come into the poor performance on the field, drug-taking, speaking ill of football officials, being forbidden and finally facing court(法庭)action in which he has had the defend charges(指控)of shooting at several reporters．

　　Maradona was born in the poor area of Furito in Buenos Aires．Early in his life, he was able to realize a dream of most poor boys, the dream that is the way out of poverty-trap is through success in sport．Sport in the world around is an activity open to all people, no matter what their background(背景)is．

　　Diego Maradona is one of eight children．The games of football played in the dirty street outside his small white storeyed home in Furito were to provide(提供)him with a passport(护照)out of the small home．Today, poorly dressed boys still run and kick balls around the street from which a hero traveled to become one of the world's great football artists．

　　Football expert(专家)Francis Corneo found Diego's gift．He says that the young played“a natural”and there was nothing he could teach him．He had never seen any one played like him in his thirty years' life．

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About Sports

　　All over the world people enjoy sports．Sports help to keep people healthy, happy and help them to live longer．

　　Sports change with the season．People play different games in winter and summer．Games and sports often grow out of people's work and everyday activities．The Arabs use horses or camels in much of their everyday life; they use them in their sports, too．

　　Some sports are so interesting that people everywhere go in for them．Football, for example, has spread around the world．Swimming is popular in all countries near the sea or in those with many rivers．

　　Some sports or games go back to thousands of years, like running or jumping．Chinese boxing, for example, has a very long history．But basketball and volleyball are rather new．Neither one is a hundred years old yet．People are inventing new sports or games all the time．

　　People from different countries may not be able to understand each other, but after a game they often become good friends．Sports help to train a person's character(性格)．One learns to fight hard but fight fair, to win without pride and to lose with grace(体面)．

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　　Learning begins the minute we were born．Our first teachers are our families．At home we learn to talk, dress, and feed ourselves．We learn these and others by following．

　　Then we go to school．A teacher tells us what to learn and how to learn．Many teachers teach us and we pass many exams．Then people say we are educated．

　　Are we really educated?Let's think about the real meaning of learning．Knowing facts(事实)doesn't mean being able to solve(解决)problems．Solving problems needs creativity(创造力)，not just a good memory．Some people who don't know many facts are good at solving problems．

　　Henry Ford is a good example．He left school at 15．Later when his company couldn't build cars fast enough, he solved the problem．He thought of the assembly line(装配线)．

　　Today the answer seems simple．Yet think of the many university graduates(毕业生)who never solved that problem．

　　What does a good teacher do?Does he give students facts to remember?Well, yes, we must remember facts．But a good teacher shows how to find answers．He brings us to the stream(溪水)of knowledge, so we can drink．When we are thirsty we know where to go．

　　Think of a computer．It stores much information, but it can't think．It only obeys commands(指令)．We say a person hasn't learned unless he can use what he has learned．

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　　Many people go to school for an education．They learn languages, history, geography, physics, chemistry and mathematics．Others go to school to learn a skill so that they can make a living．School education is very important and useful．Yet no one can learn everything from school．A teacher, no matter how much he knows can not teach his students everything they want to know．The teacher's job is to show his students how to learn．He teaches them how to read and how to think．So much more is to be learned outside school by the students themselves．

　　It is always more important to study by oneself than to learn by heart some facts or a formula(公式)．It is actually quite easy to learn a certain fact in history or a formula in maths．But it is very difficult to use a formula in working out a maths problem．Great scientists, such as Einstein, Newton and Galileo didn't get everything from school．But they were all so successful．They invented so many things for mankind．The reason for their success is that they worked hard all their lives, not wasting a single moment．They would ask many questions as they read and they did thousands of experiments．

　　Above all, they knew how to use their brains．

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　　John Denver, the writer and composer of“Goodbye Again”, is one of the best－known North American country music singers and song writers．His album“John Denver's Greatest Hits”was the first long－playing album in the history of RCA(The Radio Corporation of America)to sell ten million copies．

　　John was a country boy by birth and preferred the mountains of Colorado to the big cities he had visited on his many travels．He was born Henry John Deutschendorf in Roswell, New Mexico on December, Colorado．

　　Even while he was studying architecture(建筑学)at Texas Tech University, John knew that he wanted to be a singer．When he decided to leave school, he found a job as a draftsman(绘图员)in Los Angeles and sang in a coffee house at night．

　　When the audition(试听)was held to replace Chad Mitchell of the famous Chad Mitchell Trio, two hundred and fifty candidates(候选人)went to try．Denver was chosen and sang with the group for two and half years before he decided to try to make it himself．

　　John and his wife, Annie, lived in Aspen, Colorado, not far from his favorite city．John was in great demand for concerts all over the nation and the world, so he had to leave Annie, who often preferred to stay home, and take to the road．His song“Goodbye Again”express his feelings about traveling and being away from home．

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　　Last Friday night, October 2, after a long flight, my husband and I arrived at Beijing Airport for a meeting of the International Organization for Standardization to be held at the Yangxiang Hotel．We had, of course, many pieces of luggage(行李)and were very tired．Mr Xing Xilun and Mr Li Shuping of the Chinese organizing committee met us and managed to get us a large taxi．As soon as we arrived at the hotel, I found my purse lost．By the time I noticed the problem the taxi had left the hotel．

　　Luckily, more than a score people came to help me, not only working hard to solve the problem, but to comfort me．I cannot tell you all of their names, but I will remember each one of them as a friend．

　　First, Mr Xing and Mr Li drove us back to the airport to explain the problem to the police, write out a report, and try to find the taxi．Then, all of the policemen on duty went to work immediately, making phone calls．At last they found the taxi driver and had him check the taxi when it returned．There was my purse, in the back seat of it, where the driver couldn't possibly have seen it before．The driver immediately drove all the way back to the airport and returned my purse to the police station where I got my purse back．

　　It took a few more people to get the purse returned to me and by now it was very late at night．

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阅读理解

　　Chinese are very generous(慷慨)when it comes to educating(教育)their children．Not caring about the money, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the United States or Australia．They also want their children to take extra－course activities where they will either learn a musical instrument or ballet, or other classes which will give them a head start in life．The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is．So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education．Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter．

　　However, what most parents fail to see is that the best early education they can give their children is usually very cheap．

　　Parents can see that their children's skills are different, skilled in some areas while poor in others．What most parents fail to realize, though, is that today's children lack(缺乏)self respect and self－confidence．

　　The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple－choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills they need to be confident, happy and clever．

　　Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking, sewing and doing other housework．

　　Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life．Cooking needs patience and time．It is an enjoyable but difficult experience．A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and gradually finish his job successfully．His result, a well－cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and a lot of self－confidence．

　　Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse(引起)his interest．He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix them; your child might become an engineer when he grows up．These activities are not only teaching a child to read a book, but also to think, to use his mind．And that is more important．

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　　People dream four to six times a night．They dream while they are in the REM(梦时眼跳)stage of sleep．Sleepers go into the REM stage about every 90 minutes．The first dream of the night may last about ten minutes．Each dream gets a little longer．The last dream of the night may be an hour long．

　　People need their dreams．Younger children spend more time dreaming．Babies spend almost half of their sleep in the REM stage．

　　One experiment showed that everyone needs to dream．Doctors gave some people sleeping pills．These sleeping pills didn't let them go into REM sleep．After a few nights without dreams, they began to feel bad．They become angry easily, they worried a lot, and they wanted to fight with everyone．Then they stopped taking the sleeping pills．They all began to dream all night for a few nights to catch up．

　　Why do people dream?Dreams give them time to find the answers to some of their problems．If they think they will have difficult problems the next day, they may spend more time in REM sleep the night before．In their dreams, they may find an answer to their problems．

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