阅读理解

　　Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well－being, according to a Canadian study．

　　For years studies have shown people in lower－status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher－status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers' health．

　　But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co－workers and say work disturbs their home life．

　　However the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people's physical and psychological health．

　　These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science ＆ Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects．

　　For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well－being．Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay．

　　Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, bodyaches, heartburn and tiredness．Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety．

　　“This isn't to suggest that having authority is ‘bad'－in fact, we show it has benefits…but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them．” researcher Scott Schieman said．

　　Schieman said conflicts with co－workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy physical and mental well－being by creating stress．

　　“These are key stressors that can tax individuals' ability to function effectively,” Schieman said．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

阅读理解

　　One of the best decisions you can make in your twenties is to explore．Exploring postcollege choices looks a lot like being lost; in fact, being lost is normal and productive at this stage in life．

　　In the past, people were penalized(处罚)for getting lost．For example, dropping out of high school for a year to explore made colleges think you were hospitalized for mental instability．But it's a different story today．Right after college, you don't get dinged(教训)for taking time off．Most graduate and professional schools today would prefer the students who take time to go away, have different experiences, and then come back refocused．

　　Why is there so much respect for exploration? Part of the reason is that there is no better way of figuring out what will make you happy．“We are not very good at using our imaginations when it comes to how we'll feel in a given circumstance,” says Daniel Gilbert, a professor of psychology at Harvard University．Therefore, he recommends that we test out a lot of different careers．He admits that this method takes time, but he says it's worth it because otherwise you're likely to make a decision based on money, which does not always lead to happiness．

　　What about the people who pull their life together in a tight little package by age twenty－fou? They're the exception to the rule, according to Wayne Osgood, a professor of sociology at Pennsylvania State University．He labels these people “fast starters” and explains that they are only about 12 percent of the population．Some fast starters are just plain lucky：they love the first job they get after college．The other 88 percent of us have to march through our twenties formulating(规划)a new career plan．

　　The good news is that this is what most people are doing in their twenties：wandering, taking trips, changing jobs every year, volunteering for unpaid work while living at their parents' house, and starting businesses that fail．All these choices are, surprisingly, right on track for making a good decision about what to do with yourself in adult life．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

阅读理解

　　I used to watch her from my kitchen window．She seemed so small as she muscled her way through the crowd of boys on the playground．The school was across the street from our home and I would often watch the kids as they played during break．I remember the first day I saw her playing basketball．I watched in wonder as she ran circles around the other kids．She managed to shoot jump shots just over their heads and into the net．The boys always tried to stop her but no one could．I began to notice her at other times, basketball in hand, playing alone．

　　One day I asked her why she practiced so much．Without a moment of hesitation she said, “I want to go to college．The only way I can go is to get a scholarship．I am going to play college basketball．I want to be the best．My daddy told me if the dream is big enough, the facts don't count．”Well, I had to give it to her－She was determined．I watched her through those junior high years and into high school．Every week, she led her school team to victory．

　　One day in her senior year, I saw her sitting in the grass, head in her arms．I walked across the street and sat down in the cool grass beside her．Quietly I asked what was wrong．“Oh, nothing, ” came a soft reply, “I am just too short．” The coach told her that at 5'5” she would probably never get to play for a top ranked team－much less offered a scholarship．So she should stop dreaming about college．She was heartbroken and I felt my own throat tighten as I sensed her disappointment．I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet．She told me that her father said those coaches were wrong．They just did not understand the power of a dream．He told her that if she truly wanted a scholarship and that nothing could stop her except one thing－her own attitude．

　　The next year, as she and her team went to the Northern California Championship game, she was offered a scholarship and on the college team．She was going to get the college education that she had dreamed of．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

阅读理解

Sports and Entertainment Marketing－Entry Level Sales and Advertising Reps

Are you a college graduate?

Are you looking for a career but have little or NO experience?

Are you having a hard time getting your foot in a successful, proven firm?

Do you want a chance to test your work ethics, drive, and determination?

EQUIREMENTS：

　　*Must be able to start within 2 weeks

　　*Be able to work in a team environment

　　*Capable of leading and motivating others

　　*High energy and open to new ideas

　　*Be able to perform under little guidance

　　*Great attitude and cool

　　*Exceptional communication skills

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

阅读理解

　　We've all met with something that slows us down, for example, the bumps(颠簸)in the road, the setbacks．You just have to keep in mind that a setback is only temporary and greater things lie ahead．Therefore, keep moving forward, developing what you have, since you've already built a solid foundation on which you can rely．

　　It is easy just to quit, give up and ignore the hard work you have put into something．But we believe in the “two steps forward, one step back” philosophy(哲学)．So how can you react when something doesn't turn out as you've expected it to be?

　　First, be objective．Step back and look at the situation．Is your setback really that significant, or will it just require a little extra effort? Then, plan your next move．You can ask for help．Don't be afraid or ashamed to do this．Frequently, people are more than willing to give you support and advice．You don't have to be perfect; after all, nobody else is．Next, bounce back．Reevaluate the goals you should have set for yourself at the beginning and retool(改组)them when necessary．Goals should be realistic and specific, but that doesn't mean they can't be flexible．Instead of looking at your project as a disaster or failure, view it with success．Concentrate on how great it will feel after it is finally done, after you have put your all into it．Instead of focusing on a possible unsatisfactory performance one single time, take a moment to sit back and reward yourself for all that you have accomplished．

　　Above all, don't live with regrets．Success is never easy．It remains up to you whether you will give up, or fight through the tough battles to earn whatever you want．Keep reaching for your goals and you will achieve them．One small setback is nothing if you really want something and are willing to work for it．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

阅读理解

　　BELIEVE it or not, the color of the tie Barack Obama wore to the inauguration(就职典礼)is now a hotly debated topic．The level of public interest in Obama's tie might seem strange but many people believe his choice will symbolize the type of government he plans to run, as the color of a politician's tie is thought to convey ideas of power, trustworthiness and more．

　　Polities of ties

　　It may be the least practical item of male dress, but it is arguably the most expressive．In the UK and many other coun－tries around the world, conservative(保守的)politicians may wear a blue tie and their liberal opponents a red one．In America, the colors go the other way round．The Republicans have in recent years become associated with the color red, and the Democrats with blue．But in spite of this, Bush wears blue ties more often than any other color．

　　What they mean

　　According to Sharon Haver, editor of focusonstyle．com, in America the feelings associated with colors overrule their political significance．“A guy who wants to be regarded as strong and in charge would wear red,” Haver says．Unsurprisingly, the business tycoon Donald Trump is known for wearing red ties．But what about blue? According to Haver, “Blue is a softer color…Look at the sky．It's peaceful and calm and trustworthy．”

　　Selecting the right tie for the right occasion

　　●Perfect job interview tie

　　Perhaps no other tie－wearing occasion is as important as the job interview．Gilchrist, the fashion expert, advises playing it safe and choosing a conservative one．Best choices are solids, stripes or small patterns．An excellent color is burgundy(深红色)or another serious color．Avoid pink or yellow, which suggests that the wearer lacks gravity．

　　Pattern ties, Gilchrist suggests, should be limited to a maximum of three colors．A striped tie is a safe choice as this is acceptable to everyone．Last, Gilchrist recommends saving the expensive “hip” tie for those applying for glamorous creative jobs．

　　●Date－night tie

　　When picking out the right tie for taking a girl out on a date, spend more time considering color than pattern．According to studies, women are attracted to men wearing the color blue, because blue gives the image of a “stable, faithful, constant, always there” person．So what is the worst color to wear on a date? “Flattened caterpillar(毛虫)yellow－green,” according to Gilchrist, “it will repel both sexes equally．”

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

阅读理解

　　From the first use of the rocket to carry satellites into space to the setting up of space stations, human beings have been putting great effort into space research．And so far, we have achieved many successes．But there are still numerous tasks in front of us and we should not cease trying to progress．

　　The international space station is an important step we should take in space exploration．It is not only helpful but also essential．It provides a proper space environment for many experiments that we have wanted to do for a long time．It is also a base for the observations of the earth and the universe．It could also be an important base for later travel to the moon and Mars．In a word, if we want to explore space more, the first thing we should do is to set up a space station．

　　As the space station costs a lot of money, it is hard for one country alone to establish one．The USA seems to be the only country that has the ability to build a space station alone, and it has tried to do so, but not very successful．So it aggregated many other countries to work on it together．Though it is still extremely expensive, it is much cheaper than doing it alone．It is really a job that needs everyone's effort and will benefit everyone．

　　But even so, the funds needed are still a big problem．As for the USA, it seems that it has too many things to spend its money on．Although it is the richest country in the world, it has much debt every year．It has to make arrangements about its finance, a try to find a balance in all these issues．

[解题导语]这是一篇说明文。国际空间站对于人类探索太空起着至关重要的作用。由于耗资巨大，财大气粗的美国单独建造起来也并不那么成功。只有各国合作起来，才能解决资金问题，从而使国际空间站造福全人类。

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

阅读理解

　　In the summer of 1978 an English farmer was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered that some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground．The flattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across．Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat．The five circles were in a formation like five dots．During the following years, farmers in England found the strange circles in their fields more and more often．

　　The circles are called“crop circles”because they appear in the fields of grain－usually wheat or corn．The grain in the circles lies flat on the ground but is never broken; it continues to grow, and farmers can later harvest it．Farmers always discover the crop circles in the morning, so the circles probably form at night．They appear only in the months from May to September．

　　At first, people thought that the circles were a hoax．Probably young people were making them as a joke, or farmers were making them to attract tourists．To prove that the circles were a hoax, people tried to make circles exactly like the ones that farmers had found．They couldn't do it．They couldn't enter a field of grain without leaving tracks, and they couldn't flatten the grain without breaking it．

　　Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circles to communicate with us from far away and that the crop circles are messages from them．

　　Scientists who have studied the crop circles suggested several possibilities．Some scientists say that a downward rush of wind leads to the formation of the circles－the same downward rush of air that sometimes causes an airplane to crash．Other scientists say that forces within the earth cause the circles to appear．There is one problem with all these scientific explanations：crop circles often appear in formations, like the five－dot formation．It is hard to believe that any natural force could form those．

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

阅读理解

　　In my profession as an educator and health care provider, I have worked with numerous children infected with the virus that causes AIDS．The relationships that I have had with these special kids have been gifts in my life．They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great courage can be found in the smallest of packages．Let me tell you about Tyler．

　　Tyler was born infected with HIV：his mother was also infected．From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to enable him to survive．When he was five, he had a tube surgically inserted in a vein in his chest．This tube was connected to a pump, which he carried in a small backpack on his back．Medications were hooked up to this pump and were continuously supplied through this tube to his bloodstream．At times, he also needed supplemented oxygen to support his breathing．

　　Tyler wasn't willing to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease．It was not unusual to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicineladen backpack and dragging his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon．All of us who knew Tyler marveled at his pure joy in being alive and the energy it gave him．Tyler's mom often teased him by telling him that he moved so fast that she needed to dress him in red．That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly spot him．

　　This dreaded disease eventually wore down even the likes of a little dynamo like Tyler．He grew quite ill and, unfortunately, so did his HIV－infected mother．When it became apparent that he wasn't going to survive, Tyler's mom talked to him about death．She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven．

　　A few days before his death, Tyler beckoned me over to his hospital bed and whispered, “I might die soon．I'm not scared．When I die, please dress me in red．Mom promised she's coming to heaven, too．I'll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me．”

[解题导语]　作者与无数艾滋病患儿打过交道，这些患儿使作者明白了很多道理。其中，作者遇到一个叫泰勒的小患者，他面对死神与厄运的坦然与乐观给作者留下了深刻印象。

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

阅读理解

　　It is a hot summer day, and you feel thirsty．A friend gives you a glass of cold lemonade．How do you feel when you see the glass?Will you describe your feeling as happiness or as pleasure?I believe you will say it is a feeling of pleasure．There is a connection between these two kinds of feelings, and sometimes one causes the other, but they are not the same．Pleasure is more dependent on the five senses while happiness is independent of them．

　　When you are happy, little unpleasant events usually do not disturb you．When you are unhappy, you feel as if everything is against you．You may compensate for it by eating chocolate and sweets because this gives you pleasure, yet you stay unhappy．A person may smoke cigarettes because it gives him pleasure, yet this does not make him happier, especially if he knows the fact that it is not good for his health．

　　The physical world is always in a changing state．At each moment a new thing is being created, changed, transformed and then destroyed．This is the normal state of things and no one can change it．If we stay still in a certain state, we are sure to experience unhappiness sooner or later．On the other hand, if we adjust to the environment, nothing can influence our moods．Then outer events have nothing to do with our inner joy of mind．

　　The room of the mind is filled with worry or fear．If you are free of thinking about them, the room has been emptied, and then you will see what is happening and experience it．When your mind stays quiet, you will see that happiness comes from the inside．

[解题导语]文章主要论述了满足感(pleasure)和幸福感(happiness)的不同。满足感更多地依赖于人的五种感官，而幸福感则独立于五种感官外；幸福感来自于人的内心。

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)