阅读理解

When in 1789，George Washington became the first president of the United States，there was no permanent(永久的)capital in which to house the government．During the Revolutionary War seven different cities had served as the national capital．In addition，members of congress(国会)could not agree as to where this permanent capital should be located．Some officials wanted it in the north，others wanted it in the south．Each of the states hoped that the capital might lie within its own state lines．At last it was decided that the capital should occupy a section(区域)by itself，separate from any of the states．The place chosen was situated on the Potomas River．The land belonged originally(原先地)to the state of Maryland，but Maryland agreed to the national government．The section was named the District of Columbia after Christopher Columbus．The city itself was named Washington，after George Washington．Work was begun on the new capital in 1791．In the year 1799 Congress occupied the new capital building at the same time the White House was opened as the home of all future presidents．

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　　Since life is short and the world is wide, the sooner you start exploring it, the better．Soon enough the time will come when you are too tired to move farther than the terrace of the best hotel．Go now．

　　No need, you may say, to tell that．But what I do need to tell you is that you will meet with a surprising amount of opposition the moment you try to set out．Rubbish, you will reply．More people go abroad nowadays than ever before; never has travel, particularly among the young, been more strongly visits, of international exchanges．Perhaps not; but none of this, my dear young friends, is travel．Travel is not going on a round coach trip for $67 in all, or spending ten days at a hotel by the sea．Travel is when you want to see how much money and resources you have and then set out, alone or with chosen friends, to make an unhurried journey to a distant goal without a set date for your return．

　　Real travel, then, is independence in action, and is not liked by most parents．They don’t mind your going in a school party to Athens, because they know just where you are and when you’ll be back, and they can therefore permit you the imagination of freedom without for one second letting you beyond their control．But what they cannot bear is that you should travel all on your own, without giving them your address and return date．In fact, their fears are quite reasonable because that shows how much they love you．So in order to enjoy real travel and at the same time put your parents’ mind at ease．It would be really important for you to bear the following advice in mind．

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阅读理解

You want something you can’t get by behaving within the rules, and you want it badly enough you’ll do it regardless of any guilt or deep regret, and you’re willing to run the risk of being caught．That’s how Ladd Wheeler, psychology professor at the University of Rochester in New York, defines cheating．Many experts believe cheating is on the rise．“We’re suffering a moral breakdown,”Pinkard says．“We’re seeing more of the kind of person who regards the world as a series of things to be dealt with．Whether to cheat depends on whether it’s in the person’s interest.”He does, however, see less cheating among the youngest students．Richard Dienstbier, psychology professor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, believes that society’s attitudes explain much of the increase in cheating．“Twenty years ago if a person cheated in college, that is extremely serious, you will be dropped for a semester if not kicked out permanently,”he says．“Nowadays, at the University of Nebraska, for example, it is the stated policy of the College of Arts and Science that if a student cheats in an exam, the student must receive an ‘F’ on want he cheated in．That’s nothing．If you’re going to fail anyway, why not cheat?Cheating is most likely in situations where the interests are high and the chances of getting caught are low,”says social psychologist Lynn Kahle of the University of Oregon in Eugene．

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　　When Mr．David retired(退休), he bought a small house in a village near the sea．He liked it and hoped to live a quiet life in it．

　　But to his great surprise, many tourists(游客)came to see his house in summer holidays, for it was the most interesting building in the village．From morning to night there were tourists outside the house．They kept looking into the rooms through the windows and many of them even went into Mr．David’s garden．This was too much for Mr.．David．He decided to drive the visitors away．So he put a notice on the window．The notice said：“If you want to satisfy your curiosity(好奇心), came in and look round．Price(价格)：twenty dollars．”Mr．David was sure that the visitors would stop coming, but he was wrong．More and more visitors came and Mr．David had to spend every day showing them around his house．“I came here to retire, not to work as a guide(导游).”he said angrily．In the end, he sold the house and moved away．

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阅读理解

　　Tom arrived at the bus station quite early for Paris bus．The bus for Paris would not leave until five to twelve．He saw a lot of people waiting in the station．Some were standing in line(排队), others were walking around．There was a group of schoolgirls．Their teacher was trying to keep them in line．Tom looked around but there was no place for him to sit．

　　He walked into the station cafe(咖啡馆)．He looked up at the clock there．It was only twenty to twelve．He found a seat and sat down before a large mirror(镜子)on the wall．Just then, Mike, one of Tom’s workmates came in and sat with Tom．

　　“What time is your bus?”asked Mike．

　　“There’s plenty of time yet,”answered Tom．

　　“Well, I’ll get you some more tea then,”said Mike．

　　They talked while drinking．Then Tom looked at the clock again．“Oh!It’s going backward(倒行)!”he cried．“A few minutes ago it was twenty to twelve and now it’s half past eleven．”

　　“You’re looking at the clock in the mirror．”said Mike．Tom was so sad(难过)．The next bus was not to leave for another hour．Since then Tom has never liked mirrors．

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