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　　Since 1989 University pf Phoenix Online has offered online degree programs to working adults around the country．You attend class whenever and wherever you want via the Internet for complete flexibility(灵活性)and convenience．

　　Earn your degree via the Internet for more career opportunities and higher income potential with University of Phoenix Online．

　　We offer Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Accounting, Administration, Marketing, Information Technology, E-Business plus many others．

　　Many of out students complete their degree in approximately 2 to 3 years．With over 99 000 online students, University of Phoenix Online has one of the most successful online degree programs in the country．

　　There is NO NEED for residency② in the United States, since 100％ of the coursework is done online．

　　■A high school diploma(文凭)or equivalent③

　　■Student must be 21 years of age or older

　　■A minimum score of 550 on the paper-based exam or 213 on the computer-based exam of the Test of English as a Foreign language(TOEFL)for non-native speakers of English

　　■Current employment or access to an organizational environment

　　■A regionally accredited U．S．bachelor's degree or equivalent

　　■A cumulative(累积的)undergraduate GPA of 2.5 or better

　　■Three years significant④ work experience

　　■A minimum score of 550 on the paper-based exam or 213 on the computer-based exam of the Test of English as a Foreign language(TOEFL)for non-native speakers of English

　　■Current employment or access to an organizational environment

　　For further information, please click www．uophx．edu．

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　　Laptop(便携式)computers are popular all over the world．People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels．These laptops connect people to their workplace．In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms．

　　Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do schoolwork anywhere they want．Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will receive a laptop．The laptops are part of a ＄10 million computer program as Westlake, a 110-year-old college．The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet．In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to“speak”with their teachers, their classmates, and their families．However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs．They can work with it at home, in a fast food restaurant or under the trees－anywhere at all!

　　Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable．As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers．In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only the Internet, but also libraries and other resources．State higher education officials are studying how laptops can help students．State officials also are testing laptop programs at other universities．

At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers．The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons．As one Westlake teacher said,“Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world．They can see everything and do everything．”

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CULTURAL CORNER

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READING AND VOCABULARY

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　　A recent experiment held in Japan shows that it is almost impossible for people to walk exactly straight for 60 metres．Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology found 20 healthy men and asked them to walk as straight as possible to a target of 60 metres away at a normal speed．Each man had to walk on white paper fixed flat to the floor wearing wet colored socks．The footprints revealed⑧ that all walked in a winding⑨ rather than a straight line．Researchers found that people readjust⑩ the direction of walking every few seconds．The amount of the winding differed from subject to subject．This suggests that none of us can walk in a strictly straight line．We walk in a winding way mainly because of a slight structural or functional imbalance of our limbs(四肢)Although we may start walking in a straight line, several steps afterwards we have changed the direction．

　　Eyesight helps us to correct the direction of walking and leads us to the target．Your ears also help you walk．After turning around a lot with your eyes closing, you can hardly stand still, let alone walk straight．

　　It's all because your ears help you balance．Inside your inner ear there is a structure contains liquids．On the sides of the organ are many tiny hair-like structures that move around as the liquid flows．When you spin(旋转)the liquid inside also spins．The difference is that when you stop, the liquid continues to spin for a while．Dizziness(眩晕)is the result of these nerves in your ears．When you open your eyes, although your eyesight tells you to walk in a straight line, your brain will trust your ears more, thus you walk in a curved line．

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　　There is an English saying：“Laughter is the best medicine．”Until recently, few people took④ the saying very seriously．Now however, doctors have begun to study laughter and the effects it has on the human body．They have found facts that laughter really can improve people's health．

　　Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body．People wanted funny films while doctors checked their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles．It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise．It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing, it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet．If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial(有益的)．

　　Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be able to reduce the effect of pain on the body．In one experiment doctors produce pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programmes．The group which tolerated⑤ the pain for the longest time was the group which listened to a funny programme．The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce endorphins(内啡肽：指将麻醉传感器联结在一起的任一肽激素群，主要存在大脑中，内啡肽可缓解痛感并影响情绪)in the brain．There are natural chemicals which diminish both stress and pain．

　　There is also some fact to suggest that laughter helps the body's immune(免疫的)system, that is, the system which fights infection⑥．In an experiment, one group of students watched a funny video while another group of students served as the compare of the first group．Doctors checked the blood of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that watch the video had an increase in the activity of their white blood cells, that is, the cells which fight infection．As a result of these discoveries, some doctors and psychiatrists(精神病医师，精神病学家)in the United States now hold laughter clinics⑦, in which they try to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh．

　　They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter．

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　　“If you want to see a thing well, reach out and touch it!”That may seem a strange thing to say．But touching things can help you to see them better．Your eyes can tell you that a glass ball is round．But by holding it in your hands, you can feel how smooth and cool the ball is．You can feel how heavy the glass is．When you feel all these about the ball, you really see it．With your skin, you can feel better．For example, your fingers can tell the difference between two coins in your pocket．You can feel a little drop of water on the back of your hand, too．

　　All children soon learn what“Don't touch!”means．They hear it often．Yet most of us keep on touching things as we grow up．In shops, we touch things as we might buy：food, clothes．To see something well, wo have to touch it．

　　There are ways of learning to see well by feeling．One way is to close your eyes and try to feel everything that is touching your skin．Feel the shoes on your feet, the clothes on your body, the air on your skin．At first, it is not easy to feel these things．You are too used to them!

　　Most museums are just for looking．But today some museums have some things to touch．Their signs say,“Do touch!”There you can feel every thing on show．If we want to see better, reach out and touch．Then you will really see．

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　　Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did fool's experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?

　　Sometimes, people think they already know the answer to a question or the solution(解决办法)to a problem．Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important．

　　Charles Darwin didn't settle for(满足于)just thinking he knew something．And he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be．

　　Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shapes．If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way．Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight(紧的)little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets．What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn't be worth anything．

　　But this simple experiment is important．It explains part of our present day understandings of physics, ideas that were worked out long age by Galileo and Newton．And these understandings set aside some of ancient Greek physics．

　　Scientist sometimes stops to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them．Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science．

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　　Divide students into groups．Each group makes up a civilization①, including a name, location and climate, government, way of life, and religion．The group decides what items the civilization might leave behind：decorative② pieces, eating and cooking tools, written work, equipment for agriculture, transportation, construction, government, and so on．The artifacts(人工制品尤指原始工具；石器)need to fit the lifestyle, era(时代), and climate of the invented civilization．Then the students create the artifacts using whatever materials fit the civilization they've defined(定义)．The students can break or damage their materials to make them look old．

　　When this is complete, the groups dig holes, bury their artifacts, and cover up the holes．Each group is then assigned③ another group's land area and the students become archaeologists(考古学家)and dig up as many artifacts as they can find．Student archaeologists need to try to understand the civilization from the artifacts they've dug up．The student archaeologists label(贴标签)and tag(贴标签)the artifacts, describing where they found them and what they think the artifacts represent．

　　Civilization creates and student archaeologists compare what the artifacts really meant with the finders' explanations．

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CULTURAL CORNER

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