阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，按要求完成后面各个小题。(请注意问题后的词数要求。)

　　First aid means the aid or the help that can be given to an injured person first, before any other help arrives．Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first thing we should do, if a serious accident happens, is ________．Sometimes quick action by us may save someone’s life．

　　Shock．People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury, sometimes even when the injure is a small one．The face turns gray, and the skin becomes damp and cold．They breathe quickly．They should be kept warm．Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink．

　　Broken bones．Do not move the patient．Send for an ambulance at once．

　　Bleeding．A little bleeding doesn’t harm．It washes dirt from the wound．But if the bleeding continues, try to stop it by placing a clean cloth firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or helps arrive．

　　Poison．A person who has taken poison should be taken to a hospital at once．With some poisons, sleeping pills, for example, it is a good thing to make the patient throw up by pressing your fingers down his throat．

　　Remember：When an accident happens, telephone for an ambulance at once．Keep the injured person warm and quiet．Give him plenty of air．Do not let other people crowd around him．

1．What; s the best title for the passage?(Please answer within 10 words．)

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2．What’s the symptom when someone goes into shock?(Please answer within 30 words．)

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3．Please fill in the blank in the first paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)

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4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?(Please answer within 30 words．)

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5．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．

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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，按要求完成后面各个小题。(请注意问题后的词数要求。)

　　There are a number of special days of the year that are celebrated in different countries．One of the most popular of these, even though it is fairly recent is Mother’s Day．Mothers have always been highly regarded in all cultures．The Ancient Romans had a festival known as Hilaria, during which children took presents to the temple of the “Mother of the Gods”．The Christian Church adopted this idea and called it Mothering Sunday．However, over the years the custom was gradually forgotten and almost disappeared by the end of the 19th century．

　　Born in 1864 in Virginia, USA, Anna Jarvis was a school teacher and believed children should ________ to their mothers for all their love and care．Encouraged by a friend, she wrote to thousands of important people－politicians, churchmen, doctors, city officials－and asked them to support her ideas：a special day of the year for thanking mothers．

　　In 1910 the Governor of West Virginia introduced Mother’s Day into the state．The date chosen was May 10－the second Sunday in May, which is still observed in America today．This date was chosen because May 10 was the date on which in 1908 Anna Jarvis’s mother died．In 1914 President Woodrow Wilson made May 10 the official date for Mother’s Day throughout the United States．

　　Soon there was a Mother’s Day International Association and the custom began to be adopted in many countries of the world．

　　Anna Jarvis, a sad and disillusioned woman died in 1948．The custom she had worked so hard to establish and had become almost universal had lost its original purpose．It had been taken over by business．As with Christmas, the giving of presents and the sending of cards had become a multi-million-dollar industry．

1．What’s the best title of this passage?(Please answer within 10 words．)

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2．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

But after 19th century, people dropped the custom．

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3．Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)

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4．Why was May 10 the date for Mother’s Day?(Please answer within 30 words．)

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5．Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese．

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阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)

　　Electronic devices(装置)are changing the way people listen to music．But studies show the devices may be causing hearing loss in many people．Some experts say people may be playing them too loud and for too long．And experts say sound levels on these devices need to be set lower．

　　Researchers did a study with three hundred high school students and one thousand adults．They were asked about their use of portable music devices．Forty percent of students and adults said they set the sound levels at high on their players．But students were two times more likely to play the music at a very loud volume(音量)．More than half of the students said they would probably not limit their listening time．

　　The study found that more than half of the students and less than forty percent of the adults had at least one kind of hearing loss．Some reported difficulty hearing parts of a discussion between two people．Others said they had to raise volume controls on a television or radio to hear better．And, some experienced ringing or other noises in their ears．

　　Hearing experts say part of the problem is the listening equipment people are using．They say large earphones that cover the whole ear are probably safer than the smaller earbuds(耳塞)that come with most music players．Hearing loss may not be obvious for years, however, once it happens, there is few chance of curing．About thirty million Americans have some hearing loss．One third of them lost their hearing as a result of loud noises．

　　The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association is working with companies and government officials? on setting rules for use of portable music devices．The group says the best way to protect your hearing is to ________, limit listening time and use earphones that block out foreign noises．

1．What is the best title of the passage?(Please answer within 10 words．)

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2．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

Compared to adults, teenagers are more likely to turn up their players．

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3．Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)

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4．What trouble will happen to the person if he suffers some hearing loss?(Please give at least two examples mentioned it the passage, each within 15 words．)

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5．Translate the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph into Chinese．

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阅读下面短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)

　　You would have to be a fool to overlook the importance of using positive thinking for you rather than allowing negative thinking to work against you．In recent years, research in psychopharmacology(精神药理学)has proved what many people have known over the centuries：________ good for your health, good for your wealth, good for everything．Researchers found that a positive attitude produces a specific chemical reaction which makes people feel better, while negative thinking results in a decline of hormone(荷尔蒙)and shuts down the immune(免疫的)system．This leads to illness and depression．Positive thoughts will make you feel better．Even if you must begin by literally forcing yourself to be positive(faking it, so to speak), it will become contagious(会传播的)and the positive thoughts will generate nice little chemicals and good feelings which will reinforce the positive thoughts．

　　For example, if you force yourself to smile or laugh, even when you don’t feel like smiling or laughing, if you keep at it for a few minutes, you will soon feel like it．Feelings can generate thoughts, but thoughts can also generate feelings．Control your thoughts and you can control your feelings．Positive thinking is important in all aspects of our lives．There is probably no single factor more important in determining your success in achieving your career objectives than your own attitude．

　　It’s often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-yed man is king．And in the office of militant(好战)negativism, the positive workers shine like gold．You cannot control external events, but you can learn to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude and be happy．This vital key to success is totally within your control．Use it．

1．What functions do you think Hormone have?(Please answer within 10 words．)

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2．What’ the best title of the passage?(Please answer within 10 words．)

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3．Fill in the blank in the first paragraph with proper words or phrases．(Please answer within 10 words．)

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4．Which sentence can be replaced by the following?

This will make you feel ill and down．

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5．Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese．

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阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。(请注意问题后的字数要求)

　　Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest．In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that people with a generally sunny character were less likely to fall ill．

　　The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “positive feeling style” can help get rid of the common cold and other illnesses．Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness improving immune(免疫)function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a throat ache or runny nose．

　　“People with a positive feeling style may have different immune responses to the virus, ”explained Dr Sheldon Cohen．“And when they do get a cold, they may stop their illness from being more severe．”

　　Cohen had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less easy to catch a cold．However, some questions remained as to whether the feeling itself had the effect．

　　For the new study, the researchers ask 193 healthy adults to complete some standard measures of personalities and feeling styles．Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive feeling style, while those _________ had a negative style．

　　The researchers gave them some drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus．Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, or sneezing they had, while the researchers ?collected? objective data, like daily mucus(粘液)production．Cohen and his partners found that warm people were likely to keep cold at bay．

1．What is the best title of the passage?(Please answer within 10 words．)

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2．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

But it is not certain that the feeling is able to keep people away from cold．

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3．Fill in the blank in the fifth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)

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4．Why do happy people are more likely to get rid of some common illness?(Please answer within 20 words．)

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5．Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese．

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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，按要求完成后面各个小题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)

　　The word “Yankee” is about 300 years old．It was first used as a nickname for the colonist who settled in New England．But where did the word come from? What does it mean? How did it get into the language?

　　There are 20 stories explaining where “Yankee” came from．But the experts say only two of these stories are believable．

　　A number of people believe that it came from a Scottish word meaning sharp and clever．Even today, anyone who is a sharp trader is called a “Yankee trader”．But most experts agree that “Yankee” came from Holland．

　　Many years ago, the Hollanders who made cheese were called Jan Kees by the Germans．Some of these Hollanders came to America in the early 1600s．They settled near the New England colonists．The Hollanders were great farmers．They laughed at the colonist in the north who tried to build farms on the mountain rocks．And so, the Hollanders gave their own nickname to the New England colonists．The British quickly picked up the nickname and the New England land became Yankees．

　　During the American Civil War “Yankee” took on a wider meaning．The soldiers in the northern states were called Yankees by the men of the southern army．During World War Ⅰ the word was shortened to “Yank”．The song, The Yanks Are Coming, brought tears and joy to the people of the hard-pressed Allied nations．

　　Today, “Yankee” is known throughout the world ________ another name of an American．Yankee Doodle has become a well-known American marching song．

1．What does the word “nickname” mean which appears many times in the passage?(Please answer in 30 words．)

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2．What people are called “Yankees” now?(Please answer in 10 words．)

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3．What is the best title of the passage?(Please answer in 10 words．)

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4．Please fill a preposition in the blank of last paragraph to complete the sentence．

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5．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．

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阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。(请注意问题后的词数要求)

　　A common concern we often hear with single children is whether one child necessarily means a lonely child．Many single-child parents feel a dilemma associated with their decision to have only one child．There are no other children in the family for the child to associate with, and this may lead to the child feeling lonely at times, especially during vacations．

　　Another common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled than one with brothers or sisters．Many people believe that a single child will not have learned to negotiate with others, and respect the give-and-take involved in many relationships．Some think this may leave the child less able to interact well with people of his or her own age than one who has been raised with brothers or sisters．

　　However, for some single-child parents, particularly those with busy careers, the pressures of giving time and energy to a second child can seem too great, resulting in them electing to have no more children．For other parents, the financial burden of having a second child may be the prime consideration．Still others believe that _________, the parents can give, and the child can receive, more quality time and attention．This often leads to increased self-respect which, combined with increased independence, can lead to the child being more confident．

1．What is the best title of the passage?(Please answer within 10 words．)

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2．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

Many single-child parents feel it hard to decide whether to have only one child．

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3．Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)

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4．Would you like to have a brother or sister in your family? Why?(Please answer within 30 words．)

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5．Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese．

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引入型阅读

　　Human cloning－will it ever happen? One of the abiding(经久不衰的)science fiction nightmares has been the idea that we could one day replicate(繁殖)human beings asexually(无性地), just by copying material from human cells．

　　Scientists of Roslin’s Lab have announced that the nuclear transfer technique they have applied to produce Dolly(多利羊)could be in theory applied to humans．Whether anyone would try and whether it would work areanother matter．Scientifically it would still be a big leap to go from cloning a sheep to cloning humans．But the “what if”　question must now be asked with much more seriousness than would have ever been justified before．

　　Cloning humans is ethically(从伦理上说)unacceptable．Dr Wilmut and his colleagues at Roslin have made it quite clear．Normal sexual reproduction always produces someone who will be unlike any other people who have existed, and whose characteristics and appearance will be unknown until they are actually born．However, on principle, to replicate any human technologically is against the basic dignity of the uniqueness of each human being．

　　Some have sought to counter this by saying that cloning is no more “unnatural” than twins．But there is a world of a difference ethically between the two processes．In the early stage of pregnancy, natural cell division leads to two genetically identical but, at that stage, unknown individuals．And to clone is to choose an existing individual of known characteristics and deliberately(故意地)make another of the same composition．

　　Most of the motives proposed turn out to be for the benefit of the person who wants the cloning done, or a third party, but not for the good of the individual．

1．What does the phrase “what if” mean?

2．Why is the idea of cloning humans not ethically acceptable to even the scientists who proved it technologically possible?