阅读理解

　　In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive．Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied．But do more various jobs lead to greater productivity?There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the worker’s life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder．As far as increasing productivity is concerned, then variety is not an important factor．

　　Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important, and there is no doubt that this is true．The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery, which must be used in a fixed way．Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it．

　　Another very important consideration is how each worker contributes to the product he is making．In most factories the worker sees only one part of the product．Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of cars on his line．It would seem that not only is degree of the worker contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about．

　　To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity?The workers themselves certainly think this is important．But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is boring．Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more．A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours．Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them．

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　　阅读理解

　　Filling in company application forms can become a boring and repetitive task．Yet any carelessness on an applicant’s part can draw a negative reaction from readers．Each company or organization usually uses its own specially designed form that, although it generally asks for the same basic information, may vary in detail．Therefore the suggestions below apply mainly to the approach you should take rather than suggest what you should write．

　　■When visiting future employers, always carry your personal data record with you so that you can readily search for details such as dates, telephone numbers, and other useful information．

　　■Treat every application form as though it is the first one you are completing－write carefully and neatly．

　　■Use words that describe the responsibility and different aspects of each job you have held rather than list only the duties you performed．

　　■Particularly describe social activities that show your involvement in the community, or activities in which you held a teaching or coaching role．

　　■Pay particular attention if there is a section on the form that asks you to comment on how your education and past experience have especially prepared you for the position．

　　Think this through very carefully before you write so that what you say shows a natural progression from past experience to the job you are applying for．If you can, and if they fit naturally, add a few words to prove how the position fits your overall career plan．

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