单词拼写(请根据单词提示完成句子)。

The author gave ________(variety)reasons for having written the book．

短语填空

1．另一方面；反过来说________

2．扑灭(火)________

3．弄明白；解决________

4．采取措施________

短语填空

1．结果为…，以…结束________

2．平均起来________

3．在…顶端________

短语填空

1．据…；依照…________

2．接近；靠近________

3．放火(焚烧)________

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Africa is a very diverse land with many different tribes．One tradition that many of these groups share is painting or marking their bodies and faces in color．They do this for many reasons．Some marks are used to identify people as part of a group．　　1　　 Let's look at some different examples of body painting．

　　　　2　　 Among the Masai of East Africa, when men are old enough to marry and make decisions for their people, they participate in a special ceremony in which they paint their heads and faces red．This ceremony take place every seven to fourteen years, so there is not an exact age for participating in it．The Samburu, also from East Africa, like to paint their faces and hair red because they think it looks attractive．

　　　　3　　 To show that he has killed a lion, a man will paint his body with a natural white material, making special marks to represent this accomplishment．The Masai men also use this white to show that they are on longer boys and are considered adults．

　　One quite unusual example of face painting is done by the Wodaabe people of West Africa．Once a year, they have a beauty contest for men．　　4　　 Then they add white and black circles and lines．Black paint is used near the eyes and on the lips to draw attention to the whiteness of their eyes and teeth, which the Wodaabe consider most beautiful．　　5　　．

　　As you travel, enjoy the beautiful and bright colors of Africa．

A．Red is the common color in body painting because it often represents health and long life．

B．Other marks are used for ceremonies such as weddings and during times of war．

C．The ceremony expresses hope for rain．

D．The Masai men also have a unique way of showing that they are brave．

E．The women then decide which man they like best．

F．The men pretend to fight each other．

G．The men paint their faces yellow and red．

从七个答案中选中五个，其余两个多余。

　　　　1　　 Maybe you thought that they were just happy．After all, you probably sing or whistle when you are happy．

　　Some scientists believe that birds do sing some of the time just because they are happy．

　　However, they sing most of the time for a very different reason．　　2　　

　　Do you know what a“territory”is?A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims as its own．　　3　　．No other families of the same species are welcome．Your yard and house are your territory where only your family and friends are welcome．If a stranger should enter your territory and threaten you, you might shout．Probably this would be enough to frighten him away．

　　If so, you have actually scared the stranger away without having to fight him．A bird does the same thing．But he expects an outsider almost any time, especially at nesting(筑巢)season．So he is screaming all the time, whether he can see an outsider or not．　　4　　

　　Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs．You can see that birds have a language all their own．　　5　　

A．Only he and his family are welcome there．

B．Most of it has to do with attracting mates and setting up territories．

C．Have you ever heard birds sing?

D．Their singing is actually a warning to other birds to stay out of their territory．

E．Have you ever wondered why birds sing?

F．Most of the language is widely used．

G．This screaming is what we call a bird's song, and it is usually enough to keep an outsider away．

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　　　1　　 People use money to buy food, furniture, books, bicycles and hundreds of other things they need or want．When they work, they usually get paid in money．

　　Most of the money today is made of metal or paper．　　2　　 One of the first kinds of money was shells．

　　Shells were not the only things used as money．In China, cloth and knives were used．In the Philippine Islands, rice was used as money for a long time．Elephant tusks, monkey tails and salt were used as money in parts of Africa．

　　The first metal coins were made in China．They were round and had a square hole in the centre．　　3　　．

　　Different countries have used different metals and designs for their money．　　4　　 Sweden and Russia used copper to make their money．Later some countries began to make coins of gold and silver．

　　But even gold and silver were inconvenient if you had to buy something expensive．Again the Chinese thought of a way to improve money．　　5　　 The first paper money looked more like a note from one person to another than the paper money used today．

　　Money has had an interesting history from the days of shell money until today．

A．The first coins in England were made of tin(锡)．

B．But people used to use all kinds of things as money．

C．No one knows for certain when people began to use money．

D．People strung(串连)them together and carried them from place to place．

E．Money, as we know, is all made of paper．

F．They began to use paper money．

G．Today anyone will accept money in exchange for goods and services．

下面有五则寓意。阅读A－F的寓言故事，然后匹配与之对应的寓言故事。其中有一个故事是多余的。

1．Not everything you see is what it appears to be．

2．He who loses freedom loses all．

3．Misfortune tests true friendship．

4．Union gives strength．

5．Precious things are for those that can prize them．

A

　　A wolf was almost dead with hunger．A housedog saw him, and asked, “Friend, your irregular life will soon ruin you”．Why don't you work steadily as I do, and get your food regularly?" "I would have no objection," said the wolf, "if I could only get a place．" "I will help you," said the dog．"Come with me to my master, and you shall share my work．" So the wolf and the dog went to the town together．On the way the wolf saw that there was no hair around the dog's neck．He felt quite surprised, and asked him why it was like that?"Oh, it is nothing," said the dog．"Every night my master puts a collar around my neck and chains me up．You will soon get used to it．" "Is that the only reason?" said the wolf．"Then good-bye to you, my friend．I would rather be free．"

B

　　Two men were traveling together, when a bear suddenly met them on their path．One of them climbed up quickly into a tree and concealed himself in the branches．The other, seeing that he must be attacked, fell flat on the ground, and when the Bear came up and felt him with his snout, and smelt him all over, he held his breath, and feigned the appearance of death as much as he could．The Bear soon left him, for it is said he will not touch a dead body．When he was quite gone, the other Traveler descended from the tree, and jocularly inquired of his friend what it was the Bear had whispered in his ear．"He gave me this advice," his companion replied．"Never travel with a friend who deserts you at the approach of danger．"

C

　　A prince had some monkeys trained to dance．Being naturally good at learning, they showed themselves excellent pupils, and in their rich clothes and masks, they danced as well as any of the courtiers．Their performance was often repeated with great applause, till on one occasion a courtier, bent on mischief, took from his pocket a handful of nuts and threw them upon the stage．The monkeys at the sight of the nuts forgot their dancing and became(as indeed they were)monkeys instead of actors．Pulling off their masks and tearing their robes, they fought with one another for the nuts．The dancing spectacle thus came to an end in the laughter and ridicule of the audience．

D

　　A cock was once strutting up and down the farmyard among the hens when suddenly he noticed something shining in the straw．"Ho!ho!" said he, "that's for me," and soon rooted it out from beneath the straw．It turned out to be a pearl that by some chance had been lost in the yard．“You may be a treasure,” signed the cock, “to man, but for me I would rather have a single barley-corn．”

E

　　Lion was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face．Rising up in anger, he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying：“If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness．” The Lion laughed and let him go．It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some hunters, who bound him by strong ropes to the ground．The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came up, and gnawed the rope with his teeth, and setting him free, exclaimed：“You ridiculed the idea of my ever being able to help you, not expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favour; but now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to confer benefits on a Lion．”

F

　　An old man on the point of death summoned his sons around him to give them some parting advice．He ordered his servants to bring in a bunch of sticks, and said to his eldest son："Break it．" The son tried hard, but with all his efforts was unable to break the bundle．The other sons also tried, but none of them was successful．“Untie it,” said the father, “and each of you take a stick．” When they had done so, he called out to them：“Now, break,” and each stick was easily broken．

Icy road conditions in Teesdale ________　________　________(导致)two roads being closed so far．

Experts ________　________　________(被请来)to advise the government．