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　　“Who made your T-shirt?” A Geo letdown University students raised that question. Pietra Rivoli a professor of business wanted to find the answer . A few weeks later she bought a T-shirt and began to follow its path from Texas cotton . rim to Chinese factory to charity bin （慈善捐赠箱）. The result is an interesting new book The tran’s of a T-shirt in the Global Economy（经济）.

　　Following a T-shirt around the world in a way to make her point more interesting but it also frees Rivoli from the usual arguments over global trade . She goes wherever the T-shirt goes and there are surprises around every corner . In China Rivoli shows why a clothing factory even with its poor conditions means a step towards a better are for the people who word there . In the colorful used-clothing markets of Tanzania she realizes that . “it is only in this final stage of life that the T-shirt will meet a real market ” where the price of a shirt changes by the hour and is different by its size and even color . Rivoli’s book is full of me able people and scenes like the noise the bad air and the “muddy sweet smell（泥土香味）of the cotton . ”She says “ Here in the factory Shanghai smells like shallot water Texas .”

　　Rivoli is at her best when making those sorts of unexpected connections . She even finds one between the free traders and those who are against globalization . The changes opened up by trade are vase she argues but free markets need the correcting force of politics to keep them in check . True economic progress needs them both .

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　　When asked to point out one or two things that are most important to themselves many put friends ahead of homes jobs cloth and cars.

　　A true friendship carries-a-long history of experience that determines who we are and keeps us connected. It is a treasure we should protect. Unfortunately the better friends you are the more probably you’ll have disagreements. And the result can be what you don’t want an end to the relationship.

　　The good news is that most troubled friendships can be mended First don’t let your pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open . second apologize when you’re wrong – even if you’ve been wronged. Over the course of a friendship even the best people make mistakes. Sometimes it may be best if the wronged person takes the lead and apologizes. When you apologize give your friend a chance to admit that he has been wrong. Third see things from your friend’s point of view (观点). And finally accept that friendships change as our needs and lifestyle(生活方式)change. Making friends can sometimes seem easy. The hard part is keeping the connections strong during the natural ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships . My suggestion： Consider friendship an honor and a gift and worth the effort to treasure and nurture (培养).

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　　When I learned that my 71-year-old mother was playing Scrabble –a word game-against herself I knew I had to do something. My husband suggested we give her a computer to play against. I wasn’t sure my mother was ready for it. After all it had taken 15 years to persuade her to buy an electric cooker . Even so we packed up our old computer and delivered it to my parents’ home . And so began my mother’s adventure in the world of computers.

　　It also marked the beginning of an unusual teaching task for me . I’ve taught people of all ages . but I never thought I would be teaching my mother how to do anything. she has been the one teaching me all my life： to cook and sew： to enjoy the good times and put up with the bad. Now it was my turn to give something back.

It wasn't easy at the beginning. There was so much to explain and to introduce Slowly but surely my mother caught on making notes in a little notebook After a few months of scrabble and other games I decided it was time to introduce her to word processing (文字处理) This proved to be a bigger challenge (挑战)to her so I gave her some homework I asked her to write me a letter using different letter types colors and spaces.

　　“Are you this demanding with your kindergarten pupils?” she asked.

　　“No of course not ” I said.” they already know how to use a computer.”

My mother isn’t the only one experiencing a fast personal growth period. Thanks to the computer my father has finally got over his phone allergy(过敏反映)For as long as I can remember any time I called my mother would answer. Dad and I have had more phone conversations in the last two month than we’ve had in the past 20 years.

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　　May： Happenings from the Past

　　May 5 1884

　　Isaac Murphy son of a slave and perhaps the greatest horse rider in American history rides Buchanan to win his first Kentucky Derby. He becomes the first rider ever to win the race three times.

　　May 9 1754

　　Benjamin Franklin’s Pennsylvania gazette produces perhaps the first American political cartoon(漫画) showing a snake cut in pieces with the words “Join or Die” printed under the picture

　　May 11 1934

　　The first great dust storm of the Great Plains Dust Bowl the result of years of drought(干旱)，blows topsoil all the way to New York City and Washington D.C.

　　May 19 1994

Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis former first lady and one of the most famous people of the 1960s died of cancer in New York City at the age of 64.

　　May 24 1844

　　Samuel F.B Morse taps out the first message “What hath God wrought ” over the experimental long-distance telegraph line which runs from Washington D.C. to Baltimore Md.

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　　My friend Emma Daniels spent the summer of 1974 traveling in Israel. During her month-long stay in Jerusalem she often went to a cafe called chocolate soup. It was run by two men one of whom Alex-used to live in Montreal. One morning when Emma went in for coffee while chatting with her new friend Alex she mentioned that she had just finished the book she was reading and had nothing else to read. Alex said be had a wonderful book she might like and that he’d be happy to lend it to her. As he lived just above the cafe he quickly ran up to get it. The book he handed to Emma just minutes later was markings a book by a former secretary-general of the United Nations (UN).

　　Emma had never read it nor had she ever bought a copy but when she opened it up she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover in her own handwriting (笔迹). It was in town visiting friends. They decided to exchange (交换) addresses but neither of them had any paper. The man opened up a book he was carrying in his backpack (背包) and asked Emma to write her name and address inside. When he returned to California he left the book behind in Montreal and his friend Alex kept it. When Alex later moved to Jerusalem he took the book along.

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　　A new eight-kilometer road is under construction that links the port area with motorway system. It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city. As part of the project, two four-kilometer road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city, one for traffic to the north and the other for the traffic to the south. The two tunnels are about 20 meters below the surface and are 12 meters wide, providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction.

　　In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel. The lighting is at the top of the tunnel, practically at its highest point. There will also be electric signs at frequent intervals. They show traffic conditions ahead and can be seen clearly by drivers. The wall is made up of four main elements, which include a waterproofing covering and, on the inside of the tunnel, a concrete lining.

　　Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat. The surface of the road lies on the base, which is made of concrete and steel. The drainage system, just below the road surface on one side, removes any extra liquid, particularly water. In the event of fire, the fire main, which is made of steel, pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel. The fire main is at the side of the tunnel and at the level of the road surface. Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones.

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　　In a recently published book, I came across some exercises with interesting names such as fishbone diagrams, lotus flowers and clustering. As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested. They said more and wrote more. They enjoyed expressing their ideas and sharing them in groups. They were no longer passively waiting for the bell , but actively taking part in the lesson. I find that creativity can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency.

　　Creativity has become a popular word in recent years. Scholars in arts, psychology, business, education and science are all working to get a deeper understanding of it. Robert J. Stemberg is a creativity specialist and Yale professor of psychology. He defines creativity as “the ability to produce work that is both new (original) and appropriate(applicable to the situation ) ”. this definition is useful, as we want our students to use language in a new way and to use it correctly and properly. Mot scholars say there are two types of creativity： big “C” creativity and small “c” creativity. Big “C” creativity refers to genius level thinking that results in artistic masterpieces and scientific breakthroughs. Small “c” creativity refers to everyday level thinking that can be used in any situation our emphasis is on the latter. While it goes without saying that any of our students could go on to be the next Picasso or Edison, our aim is to help students produce more ideas and use language in a new way.

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I

　　The opening ceremony of this famous yearly competition will begin at 11：30 a.m. There will be music groups, rappers and children’s chorus. 12：25 p.m. sees the introduction of the eaters who come from all over the world. At 12：40 p.m. the historic 12-minute all-you-can-eat competition will begin. The world record stands at over 50 hot dogs and buns in 12 minutes. Will anyone beat the record this year?

　　Viewing is available on a first-come-first- served basis. Television crews are invited to use a two-tiered stage three meters from the main stage. The area in front of the main stage is kept for photographers and television cameras without tripods (三脚架).

II

　　Few periods in history are as exciting as the time when the Vikings (北欧海盗) were known --- and sometimes feared --- throughout Scandinavia, the British Isles. Russia,all the Mediterranean, Africa and even America.

　　Frojel is a family-based society, which aims to relive and describe the Vikings from a harbor---Frojel , on the Swedish island of Gotland. Frojel was one of the richest trading centers in the Viking world.

　　The members of the society aim to recreate the clothing, weapons, tools, jewellery, games, food and furniture of the long-gone period. They want to enjoy an escape to a simpler , more relaxed time, with like-minded people. They will also use the items they have made to relive that age at various public entertainments.

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　　The first reality TV show in the world was called Expedition Robinson and it was shown in Sweden in 1997. Half the population of the country watched the final event and a new kind of TV program was born. Two years later in Holland , the first series of Big Brother was filmed. Again, it was a great success and the final program was watched by 15 million people. Now more than 20 countries around the world have Big Brother or Expedition Robinson on their TV screens. The ordinary people who take part in the programs are known by millions of people in their own countries and reality TV has become big, big business.

　　For the TV producers, reality TV is a dream come true because many of the programs cost nothing to make. At some point, the television viewers are asked to telephone the program to vote or to apply to take part in the show. It is the cost of these telephone calls that pays for the shows. One of the most popular shows is Pop Idol. In the show a group of attractive young people are made into pop stars. TV viewers vote for their favorite person on the show. The winner makes a record and millions of copies of the record are sold. His or her pictures are published on the covers of magazines or on the front pages of newspapers, and then, they are quickly forgotten.

　　But not everyone is happy about reality TV. In Portugal, two TV channels got into trouble because they showed too much of the personal lives of the people in the shows. In France, reality TV is called “rubbish TV” and the TV studios of Big Brother were attacked three times in one week. In Greece, Big Brother was described as “ against human rights and civilization”.

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　　The Marches were a happy family. Poverty, hard work, and even the fact that Father March was away with the Union armies could not down the spirits of Meg, Jo, Amy, and Marmee, as the March girls called their mother.

　　The March sisters tried to be good but had their share of faults. Pretty Meg was often displeased with the schoolchildren she taught; boyish Jo was easy to become angry; golden-haired schoolgirl Amy liked to show up; but Beth, who kept the house, was loving and gentle always.

　　The happy days passed and darkness came when a telegram arrived for Mrs. March. “Your husband is very ill,” it said, “come at once.” The girl tried to be brave when their mother left for the front. They waited and prayed. Little Beth got scarlet fever (猩红热) when she was taking care of the sick neighbor. She became very ill but began to recover by the time Marmee was back. When Father came home from the front and at that joyful Christmas dinner they were once more all together.

　　Three years later the March girls had grown into young womanhood. Meg became Mrs. Brooke, and after a few family troubles got used to her new state happily. Jo had found pleasure in her literary efforts. Amy had grown into a young lady with a talent for design and an even greater one for society. But Beth had never fully regained her health, and her family watched her with love and anxiety.

　　Amy was asked to go and stay in Europe with a relative of the Marches. Jo went to New York and became successful in her writing and had the satisfaction of seeing her work published there. But at home the bitterest blow was yet to fall. Beth had known for some time that she couldn’t live much longer to be with the family and in the spring time she died.

　　News came from Europe that Amy and Laurie, the grandson of a wealthy neighbor, had planned to be married soon. Now Jo became ever more successful in her writing and got married to Professor Bhaer and soon afterwards founded a school for boys.

　　And so the little women had grown up and lived happily with their children, enjoying the harvest of love and goodness that they had devoted all their lives to.

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