阅读理解

　　When the musical sound rings out，you immediately reach for your pocket ready to have a chat．But although you probably use it all the time，have you ever stopped to think about the manners related to talking on the phone?If you haven't，here are some tips to guide you．

　　●Always give the person you are calling plenty of time to get to the phone before you hang up．If the person who answers is not the one you want，give your name and ask if you may speak to the person you want．

　　●Think about the time you call people．Try not to call too early in the morning(before about 9：00)or too late at night(after about 9：30)．Also try not to call at mealtimes．

　　●If you go by plane to visit your relatives at Christmas，remember to follow airline instructions．Cell phones must be turned off as soon as the plane doors are closed and remain so until the doors open again on arrival．

　　●When face to face with someone，do not talk on the phone．It is rude to be on the phone when a waiter is trying to take your order in a restaurant，or when you are returning the shoes you have just been trying on in a shop．Finish any face-to-face business before taking a call．Continuing to use the phone while nodding to the person in front of you is quite impolite．

　　●When in a restaurant with your friends，keep phone conversations short．Make a call only if it is important，Practise speaking in a low voice．If no one looks your way，you’ve got it．

　　●If you go to a theatre，a concert or a cinema，consider the other people around you．Check that your phone is“off”before you enter．If you are expecting a very important call，put your phone on“vibrate”(振动)and run for the exit as soon as you feel it．If you forget both“off”and“vibrate”and your phone rings，don’t answer it，turn it off straight away．

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　　If women are mercilessly exploited(剥削)year after year, they have only themselves to blame．Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores．Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion．

　　Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste．Many women spend large sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn．Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time changing their old-fashioned dresses．Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on．

　　No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society．Fashion designers are rarely concerned with necessary things like warmth, comfort and durability(耐用)．They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right．There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes．

　　When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious．Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers．Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability(稳定耐用)?That is for you to decide．

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　　These cameras are everywhere and most are openly visible on roads, in airports, businesses, shopping centres and government buildings and even in lifts．Even schools have started using spy cams to watch student activity and behavior．

　　The cameras are so common now that we hardly ever even notice them．But the problem lies with the ones that are hidden away from our eyes and are unseen．Technology has helped develop tiny cameras that can be very well hidden and they can'spy'on shoppers, workers, babysitters and people in hotels and clubs without the people even knowing．

　　It is these spy cams that people feel are an invasion of privacy．Recently, in the U．S．, there have been a number of court cases against babysitters whose actions have been recorded by their employers on hidden cameras．

　　The number of cameras in public and private areas is on the increase and with rising crime rates and the recent terrorist attacks, more and more surveillance cameras are being used to watch us．This means that we all have to be aware that our employers, department stores, police and even some of our friends could be spying on us at any time!

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　　Looking back on my childhood, I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made．Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects．Unlike them, I had no ear for music and language．I was not an early reader and could not do mental arithmetic．

　　Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary．I have only the dim memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys．Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door．But I do have a crystal dear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds and, above all, the insects．

　　I am a naturalist, not a scientist．I have a strong love of the natural world, and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations．I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and discoveries．Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind．Suddenly you fancy you see the answer to the riddle because it all seems to fit together．This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research．

　　But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist; one of the outstanding and essential qualities required is elf-discipline, a quality I lack．A scientist requires not only self-disciplined but hard training, determination and a goal．A scientist, up to a point, can be made．A naturalist is born．If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds．

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　　Suppose you work in a big firm and find English very important for your job because you often deal with foreign businessmen．Now you are looking for a place where you can improve your English, especially your spoken English．

　　Here are some advertisements about English language training from newspapers．You may find the information you need．

　　Global English Center

　　*General English in all four skills：listening，speaking，reading，and writing．

　　*3-month(700 yuan)，6-month(1,200 yuan)and one-year(2,000 yuan)courses．

　　*Choice of morning or evening classes，3 hours per day，Mon－Fri．

　　*Experienced college English teachers．

　　*Close to city center and bus stops．

　　*Tel：67705272

　　*Add：105 Ahongshan Road，100082

　　Modem Language School

　　*Special courses in English for business，travel，banking．hotel management and office skills．

　　*Small classes(12-16 students)on Sat．& Sun．from 2∶00-5∶00 p．m．

　　*Native English teachers from Canada and USA．

　　*Language lab and computers supplied．

　　*3-month course：1,050 yuan；6-month course：1,850 yuan．

　　*Write or phone；Modem Language School，675 Park Road．100056

　　*Tel：67353019

　　The 21 st Century English Training Centre

　　*We specialize in effective(卓有成效的)teaching at all levels．

　　*We offer morning or afternoon classes．both three months and a half at a cost of 800 yuan．

　　*We also have a six-week TOEFL preparation class during winter and summer holidays．

　　*Entrance exams：June 1 and Dec．1．

　　*Only 15-minute walk from city center．

　　*Call 67801642 for more information．

　　The International House of English

　　*Three/Six-month English courses for students of all levels at very low cost：60 yuan for 12 hours per week；convenient(方便的)class hours：9∶00-12∶00 a．m．and 2∶00-5∶00 p．m．

　　*A four-month evening programmer for developing speaking skills (same cost as day classes)．

　　*Free sightseeing and social activities(活动)．

　　*Very close to the Central Park．For further information call 67432308．

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Peaceful Use of Space Resources Drives China's Space Program

　　China's successful launch of its second manned spacecraft Shenzhou-6 has drawn worldwide applause．It has become the third nation in the world capable of putting men into space．

　　It is widely believed home abroad that the latest progress made by China will surely improve national cohesiveness(内聚性)and make the country's 1.3 billion people more confident in their future in terms of social and economic progress．

　　However, some people in and outside China describe China's manned space program as a prestige project which yields little economic benefit．

　　They argue that billions of US dollars spent on the decade-old space program may be better used for poverty relief and education as millions of Chinese still have a poor living and many children cannot afford basic schooling．However, mankind does need to make use of space resources for sustainable human development．

　　Space technology has become increasingly important for the exploration and peaceful use of space resources due to the shrinking reserve of natural resources on the Earth．

　　Lunar reserve of isotope helium 3 is sufficient for human need for about 10,000 years, which is attractive to the mankind being troubled by high oil prices and limited oil reserve．

　　China has benefited from the dividend of its investment in space sector．Space technology has become an indispensable part of people’s daily life, such as weather forecast, telecommunications, disaster reduction, and resources prospecting．

　　Striving hard to feed its 1.3 billion people and more in the future, China has been developing improved species of crops on the basis of space technology, mostly through recoverable satellites and spacecraft．

　　Information obtained from Shenzhou-3 and Shenzhou-4 in Earth observation has been used for maritime(海上的) pollution control and desertification(沙漠化) control projects, which is useful for China and other parts of the world．

　　China has listed space technology and information technology among the country's seven high-tech fields in its national high-tech research and development program initiated in 1986．

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　　The publication of"Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince"gladdens booksellers across China．The British and American editions were No．1 and No．3 respectively on the sales chart of the Beijing Xidan Book Building last week．The book's poster is highlighted and news about the book can often be heard on the radio．

　　Why is the book so attractive to children?With curious mood, the author got a copy of"Harry Potter"．Originally, I wanted to glance over it and made some criticisms．But, out of expectation, the author has been deeply attracted by the magic world．On the other hand, one cannot help asking: where is our own"Harry Potter"?

　　The Chinese nation has a history of 5,000 years, which cannot be regarded as short and its culture as not profound．With a vast market of youngsters, China did publish many books popular among children．However, why are the present works not as good as those imported?

　　There come two major reasons: Firstly, quite a number of children's books are of strong sense of teaching, and lack interest and entertainment．Children often have a feeling of being"educated"．No wonder they don't like them．Secondly, children's reading materials involving"idiom stories"and"Chinese talents'stories", though always in different covers, are usually much the same or plagiarized．One knows the ending as early as in the beginning．In final analysis, the authors of the books seldom take children's requirements into consideration．

　　As a matter of fact, each child has his own wonderful imagination．They long to understand the world and nature．Similarly they have their own choices．They dislike similar stories, even if the stories are excellent．First-class reading for children should be very interesting, which contains knowledge and the essence of national culture, which are presented in children's language．

　　Market is a touchstone for products．The theory also holds true for cultural products．It is hoped that the authors of children's books can learn something from the good market of"Harry Potter"and write out more and better books loved by children．

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　　There are two types of people in the world．Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other becomes unhappy．This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds．

　　People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things．The pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine, the fine weather．They enjoy all the cheerful things．Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things．Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied．By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend (hurt)many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere．If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied．The intention of criticizing(批评)and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿)．It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors．The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes．I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit．

　　Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck．Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect．This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments．If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success．Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes．If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings．These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others．If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact (接触)with them．Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels．

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　　To explain why he liked his art teacher the best, 16-year-old Dainzin Tanam could not write more words than a simple sentence"Because he teaches me painting．”

　　In the eyes of his teachers at the Lhasa Special Education School, the deaf boy was a little painter．Five years ago, however, all Tanam could do was to stay in bed until noon, and then stare at the sky through the window, waiting for his parents'return．

　　His mother Yangzom said she had no other choice but to lock him in the house every day as she and her husband had to work and they did not want to allow the boy to roam(闲逛) the streets．

　　“Every day when I came back home and saw my lonely poor son, I felt my heart hurt．But now I can finally feel a bit relieved,"the mother said．She said it was the school that changed his son．“Without the school, I dared not imagine how my son would be now．”

　　With a governmental fund of 4．5 million yuan, the special education school was founded in 2000．The only government-run school for handicapped children in Tibet, it now has 28 teachers and 120 school children in nine classes of 5 grades．Eight classes in the school are for deaf kids and the other one is for blind kids．

　　Students can enjoy free food, boarding, clothing and medical services in the school, which is open to deaf and blind children from all over the autonomous region．

　　Tibetan sign language and Tibetan braille are basic courses here．Children also have Tibetan, Chinese, mathematics, science, painting, dancing and sports lessons．

　　A"black and white"textbook seemed appealing among the colorful books in Tanam’s schoolbag．The text was handwritten．

　　It was the Tibetan language textbook compiled and written by teachers themselves．

　　“As textbooks for students in ordinary schools sometimes are too abstract and hard for our kids to understand, two other Tibetan language teachers and I compiled the textbook to make things easier for them,"said teacher Dawa．

　　Those books with the love of all the teachers, though not spoke out, will surely help children enjoy their life by supporting themselves after leaving the school．

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　　Mahmoud Abbas was elected Palestinian Authority president by a wide margin Sunday, exit polls showed, giving him a decisive mandate(提示，委任契约)to renew peace talks with Israel, and try to end more than four years of Mideast bloodshed．

The victory of Abbas, who has spoken out against violence and has the backing of the international community, was expected to usher in(引进)a new era, after four decades of rule by Yasser Arafat who died Nov．11．

　　Abbas, popularly known as Abu Mazen, has promised to reform the Palestinian Authority, reform the Palestinian security services and quickly continue negotiations with Israel, stalled(陷入僵局)for four years．

　　Abbas’s political objectives are the same as Arafat’s: a Palestinian state in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and east Jerusalem, and a solution for Palestinian refugees and their descendants．

　　US President Bush, who has said a resumption of peace talks must be accompanied by sweeping Palestinian reforms, called Abbas'election“a historic day for the Palestinian people”．

　　“Palestinians throughout the West Bank and Gaza took a key step toward building a democratic future by choosing a new president in elections that observers describe as largely free and fair,”Bush said in a statement issued two hours after polls closed．

　　Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon expects to meet with Abbas soon, his aide said．Israeli officials said that in a gesture to Abbas, Israel plans to release some of the more than 7,000 Palestinian prisoners, provided Abbas stop militants(好战者)from firing rockets at Israeli towns．

　　“I think this vote shows a change in the Palestinian street, moving away from support of violence,”said Sharon aide Raanan Gissin．

　　“We hope that from this mandate AbuMazen will lead the Palestinian people on the path of reconciliation(和解),”he added．

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