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　　Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the doctors．I feel there are a number of reasons for this．

　　Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded(包围)by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods, such as fried chicken and ice cream, at low prices．This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves．If there were fewer of these restaurants, then probably children would buy less take-away food．

　　There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight．I agree with this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops．If children are given fried chicken and chocolate rather than healthy food, or are always allowed to choose what they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this will carry on throughout their lives．

　　There is a third reason for this situation．Children these days take very little exercise．They do not walk to school．When they get home, they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games．Not only is this an unhealthy pastime(消遣), it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food．What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports．

　　The above are the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to encourage young people to be more active, as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits．

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　　Kabul,Oct．28(Xinhuanet)―Unknown armed men in military uniform kidnapped(绑架)three staff of the United Nations in the Afghan capital city at broad daylight Thursday ,Afghan officials confirmed(确认)．

　　“Three armed men in military uniform intercepted a UN car in Baraki area of Kabul city early afternoon and took away three persons including two women with them,”Rohullah, a witness at the site told Xinhua．

　　The kidnappers also badly beat up the Afghan driver of the UN car, added Rohullah who is a lorry driver in the city．The area has been watched over by UN guards．

　　UN officials as well as Afghan confirmed the incident but refused to provide further information．The three kidnapped, according to some officials, who are from Britain, Ireland and Kosovo, were working for the UN-sponsored Joint Electoral Management Body(JEMB)overseeing the first presidential elections held on Oct．9 across Afghanistan and in Iran and Pakistan．

　　This is the first time that such an incident has taken place in the Afghan capital over the last three years

　　So far, no one has claimed responsibility for the kidnapping．However, remnants(残余势力)of the former Taliban regime who failed to stop the great presidential elections have promised to continue holy war(圣战)until the US-led troops leave Afghanistan．

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　　Long bus rides are like television shows．They have a beginning, a middle, and an end with commercials(商业广告)thrown in every three or four minutes．The commercials are unavoidable．They happen whether you want them or not．Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window．“Buy super Clean Toothpaste．”“Drink Good Wet Root Beer．”“ill up with Pacific Gas．”Only if you sleep, which is equal to turning the television set off, are you spared the unending cry of “You Need It Now?”

　　The beginning of the ride is comfortable and somewhat exciting, even if you’ve traveled that way before．Usually some things have changed－new houses, new buildings, sometimes even a new road．The bus driver has a style of driving and it’s fun to try to figure it out the first hour or so．If the driver is particularly reckless or daring, the ride can be as thrilling as a suspense story．Will the driver pass the truck in time?Will the driver move into the right or the left-hand lane?After a while, of course, the excitement dies down．Sleeping for a while helps pass the middle hours of the ride．Food always makes bus rides more interesting．But you’ve got to be careful of what kind of food you eat．Too much salty food can make you very thirsty between stops．

　　The end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning．You know it will soon be over and there’s a kind of expectation and excitement in that．The seat, of course, has become harder as the hours have passed．By now you’ve sat with your legs crossed, with your hands in your lap, with your hands on the arm rests－even with your hands crossed behind your head．The end comes just at the right time．There are just no more ways to sit．

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　　Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems．For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitant of a country．If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy．They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely．They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy．It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects tourists．

　　Tourism should also advance the well-being(health and happiness)of local inhabitants．

　　Too much tourism can be a problem．If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry．This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer．

　　On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs．Business can also lose money．It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals ,first-class roads ,and other support facilities(设施)needed by tourist attractions．For example, a major international-class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build．If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money．

　　Building a hotel is just a beginning．There must be many facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity ,sewers(阴沟)to handle waste ,and water．All of these support facilities cost money．If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost．

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　　Attention to detail is something everyone can and should especially in a tight job market．Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that comes across his desk every day．“It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves．”he says．

　　“Rgumes(简历)arrive with stains．Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly．Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate,”Crossley concludes, “ If they cannot take care of these details, why should we trust them with a job?”

　　Can we pay too much attention to details?Absolutely．Perfecotionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward．“To keep from losing the forest for the trees,”says Charles Garfiellt, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco,“we must constantly ask ourselves how the detail we’re working on fit into the larger picture, If they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else．”

　　Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA．“The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,”says Garfield．“But a successful landing was still likely because we the exact coordinates of our goal．This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary．”Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake．

　　Too often we believe what accounts for others’success is some special secret or a lucky break(机遇)．But rarely is success so mysterious．Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow．

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　　Thermometers are very useful tools．We use them to measure our temperature when we are sick, We use them to measure the temperature of the air．We also put them into the roast to see if it has finished cooking．Knowing how to read a thermometer can be very helpful．

　　A thermometer is made of a hollow tube with a bulb at the end filled with mercury．When the mercury gets hot it expands and moves up the tube; when the mercury mols down it contracts and moves down the tube．

　　In 1714 a famous German scientist named Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit marked where the mercury was in the tube when the thermometer was in a mixture of salt and snow．He called this point 0 degrees(0°)．Then he marked the mercury height when the thermometer was in a man’s mouth．He then drew equally spaced marks between the two points．On this scale the temperature of ice that is about to melt is 32℉, and the temperature of water that has just begun to boil is 212℉．The F sthnds for Fahrenheit．

　　In 1742 a Swedish scientist, Celsius, made a different scale．He marked 0°as the freezing point of water and 100°as the boiling point, with 100 points between the two．This is the Centigrade scale, which we write as 42℃, for example．We use the Fahrenheit scale for weather, cooking and medicine; but in science we always use the Centigrade scale．

　　Here are some thermometers, with the mercury levels marked, and the temperatures given：

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　　In the late 1980’s there were an estimated 17 to 20 million illiterate adults in the United States, along with several million more whose ability to read was minimal．

　　The problem of extensive adult illiteracy first came to the attention of the United States government during World War Ⅰ, when as many as 30 percent of the men enrolled into the armed forces were found to be either illiterate or barely able to read．In 1929, more than ten years after the war, President Herbert Hoover, created the United States Advisory Committee on National Illiteracy．With the beginning of the Great Depression the committee ceased to function, and little education was paid to the problem, until well after World War Ⅱ．

　　Since the 1960s adult illiteracy has bemme a focus of government and private institutional attention．The damage caused by the problem is not only the individual deprivation among those who cannot read．The consequences for society and the economy are enormouse．The burden of welfare and unemployment benefits is huge, and the cost of lost productivity are even greater．This increasing complexity of the emnomy and the need for specialized training in so many areas threaten to keep illiterates permanently out of the job market．Illiteracy tends to be passed from one generation to another, since adults who cannot read are unable to help their children learn to read．

　　To combat adult illiteracy President Lyncon Johnson started the Adult Basic Education Program in 1964．In additior to government assisstance there are hundrds of privately funded programs for eaching adults．Much adult training material that students need to know to get job certification．They want to know how to read want ads and how to fill out job applications．There is often no appreciation of reading for its own sake．

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　　Editor’s note：AWL is well-known for its dictionaries and English language teaching materials．Some readers have written it to ask us for the latest information on high quality books on English speaking, so here we introduce two texts that aim to improve spoken English fluency(流利)．

　　Let’s Speak(Beginner)

　　By Bev Dusuya Haoko Ozeki and Kevin Rergman

　　ISBN：962001359X

　　Speak Up(Pre-Intermediate)

　　By Bev Kusuya, Nalxo Zeki

　　ISBN：0582228050

　　“Teach_the_students_about_your_culture(文化)and_help_them_talk_about_their_own．”How often are these worthy goals kept from being achieved by the limitations of you beginner-level learners?Students at all levels want to talk about culture．

Topics include food, shopping, sports, fashion the roles of men and women, health, muslc, and many more．

There are all chosen form surveys(调查)of over 15 000 students about their own interests in cross-cultural communication．

　　“Let’s Spealt”and“Speak Up”share a special but excellent way that allows all students to take part．

The series has questions which start thinking and help collect opinions, about personal topics．Conversation practice is provided by ready-to-use models of basic exchanges on the topic．Also, the cultural information presented in the sense comes in the form of interesting, relevant(相关的)facts and ideas frorn other countries through listening tasks and Culture Quiz exercises．

Team activities in books provide lively problem-solving games to enable sharing and comparison of cultural values．

　　“Let’s Speak”is fit for entry-level students of all ages．“Speak Up”provides for the needs of higher-level beginners, offering the same careful listening and speaking help, but with slightly more open-ended discussion．

　　For any information about AWL’s books, please get in touch with the following address：

Beijing Addison Wesley Long man Information Center．

　　Room 2306, FLTRP Beijing 19 Xi San Huan Beilu, Beijing 100081

　　Tel：(010)689l7488－(010)689l7788 ext 2306

　　Fax：(010)68917499－E-mail：zrh public bat.net.cn

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　　This is your chance to win a Breakaway weekend for two people at any of the 83 Breakaway hotels throughout Britain．

　　To win the Breakaway weekend for two, answer these four questions and send your entry, to arrive no later than 31 July 1999, to Team House, 24 Church Street, Ashford, Kent, TN255 BJ．

(1)The St Vincent Rocks Hotel, Bristol is on the Avon Gorge which is crossed by the Clifton Bridge．Who designed the bridge?

(2)The Aeroidrome Hotel, Croydon is next to the airfield from which England’s solo(单独的)pilot made her record flighs in the1930s．Who was she?

(3)The Talbot Hotel, Oundle, Northans is not far from the village of Fotheringgay and the castle where one of history’s most famous queens was imprisoned．Who was she?

(4)The Lark field Hotel, Maid stone is a few miles away from one of England’s top motor racing tracks．What is the name of the track?

　　The person whose correct entry is picked out first by a computer will win the prize．This decision is final．The winner will be sent an excellent value Breakaway booklet(小册子)giving details of the 83 hotels from which he/she can choose where to spend the prize weekend．

　　Every Breakaway hotel gives you the chance to see something different, while providing you with comfortable surroundings and good food．

　　A breakaway weekend includes a three-course(三道菜的正餐)，accommodation(房间)and a full English breakfast, for two nights．You also get Sunday lunch, either a traditional meal at your hotel, or, if you are planning to go sighseeing, the hotel will provide a packed lunch for you．Breakaway hotels are great places for families．Children can choose from their own special menu, and for those up to 12 years old accommodation is free of charge when sharing a room with their parents．

　　A splendid value Breakaway booklet will be sent to you if you dial this number：0252517517．

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