Photographs are everywhere．They decorate(装饰)the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods．The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events．Photos record the beauties of nature．They can also bring things close that are far away．Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space．Photos also tell stories．

　　Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism．At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture．At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story．Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts．It can also be a strong force for social change．

　　Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists．He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived．Riis believed that poverty(贫穷)caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point．A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public．Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children．

　　Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos．It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling．Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see．A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record．It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture．

　　As historical and artistic documents(文献)，photos can become more important over time．Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines．They also publish(发表)them in books and on the Internet．

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　　They say there are three ways to experience the Grand Canyon; on foot, on mules(骡子)or by air．We chose the first．Up early; my husband and I and our three children couldn’t wait to get started．We decided to walk along a lovely path named Bright Angel Trail．

　　As we set out, I was shocked at how narrow the path was．And I couldn’t help noticing that the other tourists weren’t like us．They had heavy backpacks, water bottles, and hats．But as usual we were dressed, As the sun rose higher, Arizona’s famous heat seemed to roast(烘烤)us．There was no shade and our legs were aching．We decided to go back, with the girl on my back and the boys far behind．By the time we finally got back, our legs were like jelly．

　　The next day, after we’d had a long rest and a good breakfast, we were ready for another view of the Canyon－by air．After our last walk, this would be the easiest thing in the world．

　　We called to each other excitedly as the plane took off and circled around the Canyon．But the smiles on our faces disappeared as the pilot tossed(翻转)the plane around, pretending he was going to hit the ground．I shouted, “STOP, TAKE US BACK!” When we finally arrived back on land, once again our legs were like jelly．We hardly spoke as we drove back．

　　As I said, there are three ways to view the Grand Canyon．We never tried the mules, but personally I’d suggest a fourth：buy yourself a good magazine like National Geographic．That way, you can see the Canyon, without fear or tiredness．

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Do’s and Don’ts in Whale(鲸)Watching

　　The Department of Fisheries and Oceans has developed guidelines for whale watching in Johnstone Strait, where killer whales are found on a daily basis each summer．It is strongly recommended that vessel(船只)operators follow these guidelines for all kinds of whales．

　　Approach whales from the side, not from the front or the back．

　　Approach no closer than 100 metres, then stop the boat but keep the engine on．

　　Keep noise levels down-no horns, whistles or racing of engines．

　　Start your boat only after the whales are more than 100 metres from your vessel．

　　Leave the area slowly, gradually moving faster when you are more than 300 metres from the whales．

　　Approach and leave slowly, avoiding sudden changes in speed or direction．

　　Avoid disturbing groups of resting whales．

　　Keep at low speeds and remain in the same direction if travelling side by side with whales．

　　When whales are travelling close to shore, avoid crowding them near the shore or coming between the whales and the shore．

　　Limit the time spent with any group of whales to less than 30 minutes at a time when within 100 to 200 metres of whales．

　　If there is more than one vessel at the same observation spot, be sure to avoid any boat position that would result in surrounding the whales．

　　Work together by communicating with other vessels, and make sure that all operators are aware of the whale watching guidelines．

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　　More than 10 years ago, it was difficult to buy a tasty pineapple．The fruits that made it to the UK were green on the outside and, more often than not, hard with an unpleasant taste within．Then in 1996, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves．

　　The new type of pinepple looked more yellowy-gold than green．It was slightly softer on the Outside and had a lot of juice inside．But the most important thing about this new type of pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and－miss pineapples we had known．In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world's best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple．

　　In nutrition(营养)it was all good news too．This nice-tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C(维生素C)than the old green variety．Nutrionists said that it was not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases．People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful fruit．The new type of pineapple was selling fast, and the Del Monte Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping badket of the healthy eater．

　　Seeing the growing market for its winning pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep the market to itself．But other fruit companies developed similar pineapples, Del Monte turned to law for help, but failed．Those companies argued argued successfully that Del Monte's attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were just a way to knock them out of the market．

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　　Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Tucson, Arizona．He moved there a few years ago, and I was eager to see his new place and meet his friends．

　　My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome successful man devoted to his work and family, but uncomfortable with his children．As a child I loved him; as a school girl and young adult I feared him and felt bitter about him．He seemed unhappy with me unless I got straight A's and unhappy with my boyfriends if their fathers were not as “successful”as he was．

　　Whenever I went out with him on weekends, I used to struggle to think up things to say, feeling on guard．

　　On the first day of my visit, we went out with one of my father's friends for lunch at an outdoor cafe．We walked along that afternoon, did some shopping, ate on the street table, and laughed over my son's funny facial expressions．Gone was my father's critical(挑剔的)air and strict rules．Who was this person I knew as my father, who seemed so friendly and interesting be around? What had held him back before?

　　The next day my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood．Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him at that moment After so many years, I'm at last seeing another side of my father．And in so doing．I'm delighted with my new friend．My dad, in his mew home in Arizona, is back to me from where he was．

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　　Celebrity(名人)has become one of the most important representative of popular culture．Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption(消费)on the interest of celebrity attached to any given product．Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the practise of putting models on the cover because they don’t sell nearly as well as famous faces．As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own．

　　Celebrity clthing lines aren’t a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses．Today they are started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top brands．The most sucessful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style．As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life．

　　However, for every success story, there’s related worning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer appeal．No matter how famous the product’s origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing．And once the initial(最初的)attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty(忠诚)returning to tired-and-true labels．

　　Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment．The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well．Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears．Still, the ego’s(自我的)potential for expansion is limitless．Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered．As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand．Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion－like celebrity－has always been temporary．

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　　You're sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠)．Suddenly, you're yawning with him, thought you're not tired．

　　This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans．Supporting this claim was discovery that those children who were unable to from normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagions(有感染力的)yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly without words．

　　Hogo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold．According to Critchley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how we're feeling．“Emotions are closed linked with states of internal(内部的)responses, ”he explained．“There are also more visible changes in our gesture and facial expressions．When we're in a group, these signals an spread to another person．For example, there're the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure．”

　　Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other Person, we even copy his behivour．Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you’re sitting-it's pretty likely that you will be the same．Scientists believe it’s our way of telling each other that you’re parents．Through body language, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的)but clear signals that show emotions．”

　　So, what lessons can we learn from this?“ spend time with happy people－otherwise your health could suffer, ” said Critchley．“When we’re sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode．But when we’re happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive．So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us．”

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　　Most young architects－particularly those in big cities－can only dream about working in a building of their own．And marking that dream come true often means finding a building no one else seems to want, which is exactly what happened to David Yocum and his partner, Brain Bell．Their building is a former automobile electrical –parts firm in Atlanta．Form the outside, it looks too old, even something horrible, but open the door and you are in a wide, open courtyard, lined on three sides with rusting(生锈的)walls．

　　In 2000, Yocum and Bell found this building in the city’s West End．Built in 1947, the structure had been abandoned years earlier and the roof of the main building had fallen down．But the price was right, so Yocum bought it．He spent eight months of his off-hours on demolition(拆除)，pulling rubbish out through the roof, because it was too dangerous to go inside the building, The demolition was hard work, but it gave him time to think about what he wanted to do, and “to treasure what was there－the walls, the rust, the light,” Yocum said．” Every season, more paint falls off the walls and more rust develops．It’s like an art installation(装置)in there-a slow-motion show．”

　　Since the back building had been constructed without windows, an all-glass front was added to the building to give it a view of the courtyard, and skylights were installed in the roof．The back of the building is a working area and a living room for Yocum and his wife．A sort of buffer(缓冲)zone between the front and the back contains a bathroom, a kitchen and a mechanical room, and the walls that separate these zones have openings that allow views through to the front of the studio and the courtyard beyond．

　　Yocum and Bell, who have just completed an art gallery for the city, feel that the experience from deoration of their building, focusing on the inside rather than the outside, has influenced their work．It has also given these architects a chance to show how they can make more out of less．

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　　Downing the last drop of an expensive famous brand H₂O as well as remembering to throw the empty bottle in the recycling bin, makes you feel pretty good about yourself, right?It shouldn’t．Even when the bottles are recycled, there are all kinds of other consequences of swallowing bottled water, says Melissa Peffers, the air-quality program manager for Environmental Defense．

　　The containers are often filled in faraway lands, then shipped from abroad, and storedin refrigerators at your local store．Compare that with the influence on environment of turning on your tap, filling a glass, and drinking up!

　　Anyone who is choosing bottled water for health reasons is misguided, says Peffers, “Most bottled water is just tap water．” And what comes out of your tap is carefully monitored to follow the strict rules．Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive, especially when compared with the alternative, which is almost free, and it is astonishing that America’s desire for bottled water seems impossible to satisfy, reaching nearly 30 billion bottles a year．

　　“My parents’ generation never had bottled water,” says Isabelle Silverman, an Environmental Defense legal adviser．She has made a commitment to going bottle free．“You don’t need to fetch it home from the store, and it’s cheaper,” she adds．

　　Bottled water’s role as a status symbol needs to change, Peffers points out．So when a waiter at an expensive restaurant offers “And what’s your drink?” that’s no reason to forget your conviction(信念)．“Don’t be afraid to say, ‘I’ll have tap．’ Say it loud enough that the other tables nearby can hear you,” Peffers says．“And then spend that money on a dessert．”

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