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　　Wearing ties was originally the mark of Britain's most powerful classes, which made the tie itself a symbol of power and respect．And that led it to be adopted by a much larger tribe——the business tribe．

　　You cannot wear a tie if you work with machinery．So wearing a tie became a sign that you were a man who used your brain to make a living, rather than your hands．It showed you were serious．It showed you were a professional．It meant that everyone who wanted a job in business had to wear one．It was just impossible to take seriously a man who didn't wear a piece of colored silk around his neck．

　　This is how millions of people came to be wearing ties across the world．They are part of the uniform of business．

　　“Ties offer a point of indifference,”says John Milne, head of the British Guide of Tie Makers．“They give a chance to say something about their own personality．”

　　So if you happen to meet a man with a very brightly colored tie, there is a good chance that he is the office joker．There is also a good chance that he will be wearing brightly colored socks．

　　Is there a future for ties?The signs are not promising．Tie wearing seems to rare amongst the new bread of entrepreneurs(创业者)in the Internet and new technology industries．Many political leaders, including British Prime Minister Tony Blair, now go without ties．This shows they are men of the people——but not the people wearing ties．

　　Up until around 1960, it was common for men across the Western world to wear hats as part of their business uniform．That changed with the election of John F．Kennedy to the presidency of the United States．Kennedy never wore a hat——in fact his nickname was“hatless Jack”．Seeing that the most powerful man in the world did not have to wear a hat, millions of other men decided that they did not have to, either．Hats simply vanished across the Western world．Perhaps“tieless Tony”(UK Prime Minister Tony Blair)will have the same effect as“hatless Jack”．

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　　This August has seen athletes doing their sweaty part in the“Good Luck Beijing”sports events．Some foreign athletes have commented on the passion of Chinese spectators(观众)．

　　Not all the spectators, however, came out looking exactly good．Girls holding umbrellas on beach volleyball stands．Spectators crying sharply during the hockey matches．These can be unintended disturb．To avoid them, we'd keep in mind some special manners：

1．Dress down for beach volleyball．It's also a good time to show off your colorful top and sexy shorts．

2．Use protective cream for your skin．Wear sunglasses and bring something to drink．But don't carry something that blocks others' view．

3．Look all you want at the body shapes around you, but save some attention for the players' skills．

1．Sit at the back or on either side of the field．For safety's sake, do not risk out of there．

2．Above all, keep quiet during the match．Put your cellphone on vibrate or turn it off．

3．Do not use the flash on your camera, because it can disturb the athletes．

4．When the athletes are aiming at the target, keep your voice down．

1．Drinks in glass bottles or cans are not allowed．

2．Don't bring a whistle．Referees use them and you can puzzle the players．

3．Players can be tense when taking a shot．Keep the cheering down at critical moments．Do not use the camera flash．

4．If you easily get nervous, bring some snacks．Keep your mouth moving to calm you down．

1．Spectators should keep off the track．Control your pets．

2．Cyclists or runners might look tired, sweaty and thirsty, but, do not hand them a bottle of water, a cool towel or anything else．Any help from spectators can disqualify(剥夺资格)an athlete．

3．Again, if a cyclist or runner falls, do not rush over to help．The best thing to do is to contact medical personnel．

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　　The human brain contains ten thousand million cells and each of these may have a thousand connections．Such enormous numbers used to discourage us and cause us to dismiss the possibility of making a machine with human－like ability, but now that we have grown used to moving forward at such a pace we can be less sure．Quite soon, in only 10 or 20 years perhaps, we will be able to assemble a machine as complex as the human brain, and if we can we will．It may then take us a long time to make it intelligent by loading in the right software or by modifying the architecture but that two will happen．

　　I think it is certain that in decades, not centuries, machines of silicon(硅)will arise first to rival(媲美)and then exceed(胜过)their human ancestors．Once they exceed us they will be capable of their own design．In a real sense they will be able to reproduce themselves．Silicon will have ended carbon's long control．And we will no longer be able to claim ourselves to be the finest intelligence in the known universe．

　　As the intelligence of robots increased to match that of humans and as their cost falls through economies of scale(规模经济)we may use them to expand our frontiers, first on earth through their ability to withstand environments, harmful to ourselves．Thus, deserts may bloom and the ocean beds be mined．Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man－created world in space, home to thousands of millions of people, will be within our power．

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　　Among all the changes resulting from the massive entry of women into the work force, the great change that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important．They see themselves in a new light, for they have discovered that they can just do as well as men in any profession．Some of them have gone to the top：the chief economist of General Motors is a woman, and so is the president of the great filmmaking company 20th Century Fox．Such successes have given women pride and self confidence．Of course, the picture is not perfect．In the first place, a very large number of women do not even try to enter“male”professions because they lack the necessary training or because they are not brave enough to risk taking new paths．For one woman executive(执行官)or one woman judge there are still countless typists and saleswomen who struggle through their day without any sense of victory．Besides, many of their braver sisters, who are daring to compete with men in higher fields, find that male opposition is still strong, and that society is still ready to explain a woman’s success by reasons that women are now free to enter any career that attracts them．The situation has improved, and the tide is not likely to turn back．

　　Women have gained pride, self-confidence, and independence．Have they gained happiness?Each working woman would have to give her personal answer to that question．Many women are too exhausted(精疲力竭的)by their double career(home and office)to enjoy either one．Many feel guilty about leaving their children to the care of strangers, about ignoring all the small things that non-working homemakers do for their family and their house．For women, taking a profession involves sacrifice –-- they have to make a difficult choice．Perhaps, the real progress is that the choice exists．In their grandmothers’ time, it did not．

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　　John H．Johnson was born in a family in Arkansas City in 1918．His father died in an accident when John was six．He was reaching high school age, but his hometown offered no high schools for the blacks．

　　Fortunately he has a strong-willed and caring mother．John remembers that his mother told him many times,“Son, you can be anything you really want to be if you just believe．”She told him not to be dependent on others, including his mother．“You have to earn success”, said she,“all the people who work hard don’t succeed, but the only people who do succeed are those who work hard．”

　　These words came from a woman with less than a third grade education．She also knew that believing and working hard don’t mean everything．So she worked hard as a cook for two years to save enough to take her son to Chicago．

　　Chicago in 1933 was not the Promised Land that black southerners were looking for．John’s mother could not find work．But here John could go to school, and here learned the power of words－as an editor of a newspaper．His wish was to publish a magazine for the blacks．

　　While others discouraged him, John’s mother offered him more words to live by：“Nothing beats a failure but a try．”She also let him sell her furniture to get the 500 dollars he needed to start the Negro magazine．

　　It’s natural that difficulties and failures followed John closely until he became very successful．He always keeps his mother’s words in mind．“Son, failure is not in your dictionary．”Now John H．Johnson is one of the 400 richest people in America－worth 150 million dollars．

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　　There Student thieves look out．Students can easily get many research papers off the Internet．A new Web site could help teachers catch copiers．

　　Some students research and write their term papers．Others, however, just copy them off the Internet and turn them in as their work．

　　Two graduate students at the University of California at Berkeley have written a program named the Internet research Watchdog to catch the students who write fake(假的)papers．It compares a student's paper with every other term paper on the Web．A hundred million Web pages on the Internet are searched．The top 20 search engines are used for the search．This service can be found at www．plagiarism．com．They also have a local data base of term papers．

　　Teachers who sign up can send their students' papers to the Web site．Within 24 they know if the student did the work．

　　Every sentence that was a word-for-word match with another sentence either found on the Internet or within our database is coded．

　　A U．C．Berkeley professor told his class he would use the program．Still some students copied papers．All 300 papers went through the program．15 percent of students had cut and pasted large amounts of material from different World Wide Web sites

　　Students that say they didn't copy can defend themselves．They can show the instructors where they got their material．Students at universities try hard to get good grades．Students interviewed welcome the Internet research watchdog because they say it is fair to all．They think copying is wrong．

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　　You can improve your child's hearing memory considerably．Once his hearing memory has been greatly improved, he'll be able to use and remember what he listens to in class．The success of these suggestions depends upon your ability to use your child's natural desire to take part in games he finds simple and fun．

　　A good way to begin is to read aloud a sentence from a book suitable for your child's reading age．Then ask your youngster to repeat the sentence back to you correctly．Next, reread the sentence, leaving out a particular word．See if your child can tell the word you left out．At the beginning use only simple sentences．Gradually, increase the length of the sentences．Make sure you don't rush things along too quickly, or your child may become discouraged and tired of the game．

　　Take your child shopping with you often．He has to remember a list of items you want to buy in the supermarket．At first, ask him to remember only a few things．Then, as he shows increased ability to remember, make the list longer and longer．Praise him often and warmly when he shows increased ability to remember things．He'll become proud of his“good”memory and will happily play the game．

　　Encourage your child to learn easy and short poems．As his ability to do this becomes stronger, encourage him to remember longer poems．Do the same with songs．

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　　Mike Ingram had been a guard on the Ohio State football team in the late 1950s．I believe he may have been captain in his senior year．He is a tough-looking guy, a hero in Columbus, a brave fighter in a red-and-gray uniform．

　　One holiday season Jack and I had been at the F & R Lazarus department store downtown, and we saw, carrying a tall pile of boxes, someone who clearly was working in the Lazarus stockroom(仓库)．It was Mike Ingram, post-Ohio State football player．

　　We stared－how could we help it?And Mike Ingram stopped in his track, looked right back at us, and said, with bite in his tone：“Yeah, it’s me．”Meaning：Go ahead and stare if you must．

　　Couldn’t really blame him．There was nothing wrong with what he was doing-he was earning some money in the stockroom．But he was out in the world now, he wasn’t where he had been when everything was bathed in sunlight; he was in Ohio Stadium, hearing the supporting shouts from 78,000 people who loved him and his teammates．He had moved past that first of life’s roles, as everyone does．It was his misfortune to have been famous very early; there must have been dozens and dozens of men in their twenties working in the Lazarus stockroom, but Mike Ingram was the one sure to attract curious passers, because he was no longer who he was supposed to be．

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　　When you are next in Nanoko, be sure to stay at the Garden Hotel．Whether you come on business or on holiday, you will find everything as comfortable and as convenient as you would expect in a first-class international hotel．

　　Every bedroom has its own private bathroom, telephone, wall-to-wall carpeting and colourful, modern materials and furniture in the local style．

　　In the Mitsu Restaurant, you can choose your meals from as wide a variety of dishes, both Eastern and European, as you will find anywhere in the country．In the Beach Bar, you can drink with your family and friends in air-conditioned comfort, to the music of internationally known artists．Or you can take your drink outside into the beautiful garden that gives the hotel its name, or to the tables that surround the swimming pool．Throughout the hotel, you will find the service is both friendly and efficient．

　　By day, the pool is alive with the holiday spirit and the happy shouting of children; and by night, soft lights and music make it the perfect place for a party, or simply for an after-dinner drink and conversation．

　　The Garden Hotel has its own private mini-bus service．Give us a ring and we will arrange to collect you at the airport or in the city center．Every day a bus leaves the hotel for day trips up into the hills to see the ruined city of Morote, or the villages and temples of the hill people; or along the coast to the seaside towns and wonderful beaches of Cape St Germain．

　　If you prefer, we can arrange for you to visit the Wainiri Islands that lie just off the coast．Here you can swim and sun-bathe in private and in peace; or you can fish for one of the many varieties of sea-life for which the Wainiris are justly famous．

　　The Garden Hotel is right on the beach, only five minutes for Nanoko’s modern shopping centre．Here you will find all that money can buy, at prices you can afford．

　　GARDEN HOTEL, BEACH AVENUE, NANOKO, P．R．T．TEL：46-0488

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