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　　When is the right time to get kids involved in teamwork and what does it mean to be part of a team? There are many great ways to introduce kids to team building．Use team building games and activities to get kids to understand the meaning of being in a team．

　　Try to find some games that have kids work together on some kind of problem solving．Children naturally have a shorter attention span(一段时间)than adults so present it in a funny way．Create a reward system for teams that are able to work together in order to reach a common goal．When they solve the problem and receive a reward, it gives them initiative to keep working hard and cooperating with others．The best games are those that require direct communication between team members．

　　Organize a game of 20 questions for the kids to play while building a team．Draw up a series of cards with different questions on each．Have each child select a card and then ask another question on it casually．It's a great way for the kids to share and discover common interests．Kids need to be entertained and social when in a large group．This will lighten the mood greatly and help the quieter team members to come out of their shells．

　　Have the kids sit in a circle or around a table and share their favorite things．Start with something like movies or books and move on to anything from toys to animals．Sharing interests creates discussion．When you share interests with someone, it is easier to relate to them．Kids finally want to be friends with most other kids．Encouraging them to get along socially is always positive．By sharing interests they can form valuable bonds that will serve them as both individuals and as a team．

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　　There are many famous writers in the English world, among whom Jane Austen(1775－1817)has been popular with all ages．But then Jane Austen wrote her novels in England, she was writing about a world that most of us would not recognize．

　　But today Austen's books are in greater demand than ever．In the last ten years, five of the six novels have been made into Hollywood films, while her books continue to be bestsellers．So why is Austen still popular?

　　Richard Jenkyns, a professor of English at Oxford University, argues that her novels still appeal to people because they focus on issues that are as relevant today as they were when she wrote them．Her novels are about women trying to find a perfect husband, but also explore issues surrounding marriage, friendship and the family．“The plots are fairly timeless stories about human interaction which are familiar to us,”Jenkyns says．

　　The most famous book Austen wrote is Pride and Prejudice, a love story between Elizabeth Bennett and Mr．Darcy．At first the two characters do not get on．They finally fall in love, but still have to overcome opposition(反对)to their relationship from their families．

　　All of Austen's books are easy to read, making them popular with children and adults, but they work on different levels so people can take what they need from them, author Kate Henry says．

　　Austen is often praised as the greatest romance writer in the English language, so it is surprising she remained unmarried．“Maybe she was too much of a romantic, waiting for a perfect man,” Henry says．

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　　Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication．As most forms of communication have an intention or goal directed－toward another individual, this is a motivated purpose．Scientific illustration(插图), for example, is a form of art as communication．Maps are another example．However, the content need not be scientific．

　　Emotions, moods and feelings are also communicated through art．

　　Art as entertainment．Art may seek to bring about a particular emotion or mood, for the purpose of relaxing or entertaining the viewer．This is often the function of the art industries of Motion Pictures and Video Games．

　　The Avante－Garde, one of the defining functions of early twentieth century art, has been to use visual images to bring about political change．Art movements that had this goal－Dadaism, Surrealism, Russian Constructivism, and Abstract Expressionism, among others－are referred to as the avante – garde arts．In some case, the function of art may be simply to criticize some aspect of society like the Graffiti art．Graffiti art and other types of street art are graphics and images that are spray－painted(喷绘)on publicly viewable walls, buildings, buses, trains, and bridges to express people's social needs, usually without permission of the government．

　　Art for psychological and healing purposes．The Diagnostic Drawing Series, for example, is used to determine the personality and emotional functioning of a patient．The end product is not the major goal in this case, but rather a process of healing, through creative acts, is sought．The piece of artwork created in the healing process may also offer inspiration into the troubles experienced by the subject and may suggest suitable approaches to be used to solve the psychological problems．

　　Art for propaganda(宣传), or commercialism．Art is often used as a form of propaganda, and thus can be used to communicate and influence popular ideas or mood．In a similar way, art that tries to sell a product also influences mood and emotion．In both cases, the purpose．of art here is to subtly lead the viewer into a barticular emotional or psychological response toward a particular idea or object．

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　　The red crab is a Christmas lsland．Australia, original found nowhere else in the world．But on its homeland it is a very significant species－some 120 million individuals cover the rain forest floor and play a major role in determining the structure of the ecosystem．

　　These large crabs are active during the day but prefer to stay in the shade and can die in the heat of direct sunlight．They feed on fallen leaves, seeds, fruits, and flowers; recycling nutrients and helping to determine the spread and composition of native plants．

　　Most of the year red crabs live in the holes they dig throughout the forest．During the dry season they 1ide in these shelters to keep their body wet and remain there for two to three months．But when wet season eturns in October or November they begin a legendary mass migration(迁徙)to their seaside breeding(繁殖)grounds, moving in colorful waves that wash over all obstacles like roads(including special passage and closed roads for the red crab)and even seaside cliffs．

　　The annual migration is also closety tied to the lunar schedule．The crabs arrive at the coast and breed at such a time that the females can produce eggs and develop them in burrows(洞穴)for a dozen or so days before carrying them into the sea exactly when high tide turns between the last quarter and new moon．During this period sea level on the beaches varies the least and offers an easier approach, which is so important that if weather delays the migration crabs will put off laying eggs until the next lunar month．

　　Red crab eggs grow right away, and young live in the sea for a month before returning to the coast, changing into air breathers, and slowly returning inland to begin the cycle once again．

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　　No one knows for certain why people dream, but some dreams misht be connected to the mental processes that help us learn．In a recent study, scientists found a connection between nap－time(午睡时间)dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill．

　　“I was astonished by this finding, ” Robert Stickgold told Science News．He is a cognitive neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School who worked on the study of－how the brain and nervous system work, and cognitive studies look at how people learn and reason．So a cognitive neuroscientist may study the brain processes that help people learn．

　　In the study, 99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a computer, trying to get through a virtual maze(虚拟迷宫)．The maze was difficult, and the study participants had to start in a different place each time they tried － making it even more difficult．They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was．

　　For the first 90 minutes of a five－hour break, half of the particularity stayed awake and half were told to take a short nap．Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts．Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams before sleep and after steep－and they were awakened within a minute of sleep to describe their dreams．

　　About a dozen of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze．Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working; others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze．When these people tried the computer maze again, they were generally able to find the tree faster than before their naps．However, people who had other dreams, or people who didn't take a nap, didn't show the same improvement．

　　Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesn't help a person learn－it's the other way around．

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　　You are not alone in feeling shy?although it may fee!that way sometimes．Shyness is difficult to define(定义), but certainly millions of people experience it ail around the world．Shyness seems to be a form of social anxiety, where a person may experience a range of feelings from mild anxiety in the presence of others to a severe anxiety disorder．

　　The word "shy" can be used loosely in everyday conversation, and it's important to remember that people who may seem shy don't always have social problems．Everyone can be shy in certain situations they find uncomfortable．Also, some people are naturally quieter than others and prefer to Interact with small groups of people．Shyness isn't necessarily a problem, but it sounds as though it's become a problem for you．Regardless of whether you're loud or quiet, outgoing or reserved, you deserve to feel good about yourself．

　　Since shyness is now being recognized as a real social problem, there is considerable research being conducted toward identifying ways to help shy people．Shyness clinics offer methods of treatment ranging from building social and cognitive(认知)skills, to techniques to reduce anxiety．You may always be a little shy, but with professional help, you can learn behavior that wi!l benefit your professional and personal life．

　　Plenty of resources are available to help you get there．You might first try your school or neighborhood's Counseling(心理辅导)service．If you are at Columbia, you can call Counseling and Psychological Services(CPS)at 804－2878 for an appointment to begin short－term counseling．If you and your counselor feel that you need more time than what is offered by the university, he or she will refer you to a few doctors who are familiar with your type of problem．The Health Service Fee includes coverage for a part of the cost of off－campus treatment．In addition, the Comprehensive level of Columbia's Student Medical Insurance Plan offers additional coverage．You've taken a big step by asking this question．Keep in mind that counseling could be a helpful choice; and that if you're not sure how to start the conversation, your counselor will be able to begin the process．Lots of luck!

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　　I have been a special education teacher for 17 years and I wish more people would, et into special education．The position is very demanding and there is always a shortage of special education teachers．It is not an easy profession to get into One needs a BA in education and then a special education certificate(证书)such as a certificate in learning disabilities．emotional disabilities or cross categories which means covering all the subject．A certified new special educate teacher needs to shadow a current special education teacher for at least, a year because there is that much to know and practice．

　　Working with the students is the biggest reward．However, the paperwork is huge with lie requesting more year after year．If you are good at doing about ten things at the same time, then you may be the right person for the job．No day is the same．Parent and government expectations are high．A sense of empathy(the ability of feeling and sharing another person's feelings)and one hundred percent prepared to help your students is important．Also, if you are a special education teacher working in the high school, it is your job to make sure your special education students are able to be employed after they graduate, and then the special education teacher needs to stay in touch with the special students a year after they graduate to make sure they are employed and can support themselves．Education is a very political field next to working in politics．One needs to know what to say, when to say it and make sure it is a benefit for everyone involved．It is a mixture of knowing medical diagnosis and teaching with that in mind．Your record needs to be perfect, and it would also help to be a very strong Christian(天主教徒)because you will need to pray often to yourself．This position is not about the money but more of a service．

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　　Ever thought you’d get to experience the smell of ancient Egyptian queen Cleopatra’s hair, or the scent(气味)of the sun?Visitors to the Reg Vardy Gallery will soon be able to do just that．

　　The gallery, at Sunderland University, England, is holding a new exhibition “If There Ever Was”．It focuses on scent rather than sight．

　　The innovative(创新的)idea is the brainchild of curator(馆长)Robert Blackson．His inspiration came from reading the book Fast Food Nation．The book discussed the use of artificial chemicals to flavor things such as milkshakes, making them smell and taste like strawberries, when they’re not actually made from them．

　　A smell can often conjure up(召唤)memories such as school dinners or a childhood holiday by the sea, but the smells on display, will allow visitors to experience smells their noses won’t have been able to pick out before．

　　“There’s a whole variety of different smells, including some extinct flowers,” explains Blackson．“Some have been gone for hundreds of years．”

　　One extraordinary fragrance(香气)is the aftermath(灾难的后果)of the first atomic bomb, dropped on Japan on August 6,1945．

　　There is also the smell of Clepatra’s hair, based on incense(熏香)that was popular among ancient Egyptians．

　　The Soviet Mir space station, which burnt up in the atmosphere in 2001, smells of charred(烧焦的)material(the space station caught fire)．

　　Among the stranger smells is the “surface of the sun”．

　　“It is hard to sum up．It is an atmospheric smell, like walking into a room when the sun has been pouring in” says Blackson．“It gives a freshness, a sun kissed feel with a bit of metal．If you can say something smells hot, this is it．”

　　A team of 11, including perfume designers, have been working on recreating the smells for the exhibition．James Wong, a botanist(植物学家)at Botanic Gardens Conservation International, UK, helped in the recreation of the smells of four extinct flowering plants．

　　He did this by closely linking the extinct flowers with the smells of existing ones．With the help of historical reports of how the extinct flowers smelled, he was able to remix the aromas(芳香)．

　　The exhibition runs until June 6．Fourteen extinct and impossible smells are on display．

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　　The summer holidays are upon us again．Here is our guide to summer holiday fun in Peterborough!

　　The Age of the Dinosaurs’(恐龙)is the museum’s main attraction this summer．Get up close to prehistoric creatures via some great hands－on exhibits!Watch out for monsters lurking around every ember!The museum is open from 10∶00am to 5∶00 pm Monday to Saturday, and from 12∶00pm to 4∶00 pm on Sundays in August．

　　Call 01733 864663 for details．

　　School holiday fun：Young people aged 13－19 will be able to produce their own music, compete in spots activities, or try their hand at cooking at Saxon Youth Club, Saxon Community Centre, Norman Road．Peterborough every Monday and Wednesday from 3∶00pm．PLUS an aero ball tournament will take place on Thursday 12th August between 3∶30pm and 6∶30pm．

　　Call 01 353 720274 for details

　Alice through the Looking Class－a new play of the family favorite on Monday 30^th．August．Bring rugs or chairs to sit on and a picnic if you wish to eat during the play．Gates open 5∶30pro，performance 6∶30pm－8∶30pm．Tea room will be open until end of the interval．Adult ￡10．Child￡7．Family ￡20．

　　Booking advisable on 0845 4505157．

　　Farmland Gaines：From Wellie Wanging to Pretend Ploughing matches，come and join the Farmland Team．Collect your sporting stickers and create a colorful rosette that is fit for a winner！No need to book, just turn up between 12∶00pm and 4∶00pm on Thursday 19th August Suitable for children aged four and above, each child should be together with an adult and all activities are included in the normal admission price Tickets Cost￡7 per child．

　　For further information，call 01223 810080．

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　　A modern-day love story of a man spotting the girl of his dreams across a New York subway train and tracking her down over the Internet has failed to have a fairytale ending with the relationship over．

　　For Web designer Patrick Moberg, then 21, from Brooklyn, it was love at first sight when he spotted a woman on a Manthttan train last November．But he lost her in the crowd so he set up a website with a sketch picture to find her－www．Nygirlofmydreams．com．

　　Unbelievably in a city of 8 million people, it only took Moberg 48 hours to track down the woman, with his phone ringing non-stop and email box overflowing．New Yorkers took sympathy on the subway Romeo and joined his hunt．[来源：Zxxk．Com]

　　The mysterious girl was named as Camille Hayton, from Melbourne, Australia, who was working at the magazine Black Book and also lived in Brooklyn．One of her friends spotted the sketched picture on the Web site and recognized her．

　　But after finding each other, appearing on TV and getting international press, the couple took their romance out of the public eye, with Moberg closing down the Web site and with both refusing to make any more comments－until now．

　　Hayton told Australian newspaper The Sunday Telegraph that she dated Moberg for about two months but it just didn’t work out．

　　“I say we dated for a while but now we’re just friends,” Hayton, now 23, told the newspaper．Hayton said she is still recognized about three times a week on the streets of Manhattan as “that girl” and the question is always the same：“So what happened?”

　　“I think the situation was so intense that it linked us,” she said, adding, “it linked us in a way that you could mistake, I guess, for being more romantic than it was．I don’t know．But I wanted to give it a go so didn’t wonder what if, what if?”

　　Hayton told The Sunday Telegraph that she is enjoying single life in New York, keeping busy with acting classes, working in two clothing stores．Last week she had a small role as a waitress in the long-running daytime soap As the World Turns．

　　“I just can’t believe it happened．It feels like a long time ago,” said Hayton．Moberg, however, was still refusing to comment on the relationship．