阅读理解：

　　Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee．And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea．The physical sensation(感觉)of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions－those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A．Bargh．

　　Psychologists have known that one person’s perception(感知)of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships．Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable．Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness．Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle．Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills．

　　Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal．Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries．

　　To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students．A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses(假设), handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form：The drink was then handed back．After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description．Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink．

　　“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh．

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　　Negative(消极的)self talk and negative energy can affect you m many ways and cause you additional stress．Because of this，developing more Positive self talk’s an important way to reduce stress in your life．You can help yourself maintain a positive frame of mind－which will help with positive self talk－by surrounding yourself with positive energy in your life．You can get that by adding some elements to your life．

　　Listening to music that not only has a soothing melody，but an uplifting message，can be great for developing positive self talk．Have you ever had a song “stuck in your head” for a few hours or days，the lyrics repeating themselves in your mind?’’ If those lyrics were positive and inspirational，that would be a good thing．It’s a much better mental soundtrack to have than a running stream of complaints，criticisms of self-limiting thoughts，or even songs that had more depressing or sad lyrics．

　　Books on strength, personal power, enlightenment, or self help can be good resources to help you change your outlook and the things you say to yourself．Rather than bringing habitual self-defeating thoughts，you can find yourself thinking of new can-do concepts when times get tough．

　　One of the most important ways you can get and keep positive energy in your life is with the company you keep．Do your friends uplift you，or bring you down? Are they critical，or complementary? Ideal friendships provide support when you’re down, fun when you’re up，wisdom when you’re lost，and positive regard．Good friends can inspire you to reach greater heights，and see your strengths even when you don’t always．Pay attention to how your friends make you feel，and if they’re less than supportive，start putting your energy and time toward people who are better suited to be your friend．

　　In addition，positive affirmations(肯定)can certainly change your self talk from negative to positive．Now，why not begin working positive affirmations into your life in some creative ways?

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　　Many years ago，when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver，I was driving to my parents’ home in Missouri for Christmas．I stopped at a gas station(加油站)about 50 miles from Oklahoma City，where I was planning to stop and visit a friend．While I was standing in line at the cash register(收款台)，I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas．

　　I took off，but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car．I stopped and wondered what I should do．A car pulled up behind me．It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station．They said they would take me to my friend’s．We chatted on the way into the city，and when I got out of the car，the husband gave me his business card．

　　I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me．Soon afterward，I received a Christmas present from them．Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful．

　　Years later，I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning．In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I’d left the lights on all day，and the battery(电池)was dead．Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership－a shop selling cars－was right next door．I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom．

　　“Just how friendly is Friendly Ford？” I asked and explained my trouble．They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it．They would accept no payment，so when I got home，I wrote them a note to say thanks．I received a letter back from one of the salesmen．No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you，and it meant a lot，he said．

　　“Thank you”－two powerful words．They’re easy to say and mean so much．

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　　While waiting to pick up a friend at the airport in Portland, Oregon, I had an experience which occurred merely two feet away from me．

　　Trying to locate my friend among the passengers coming through the jet way, I noticed a man walking toward me carrying two light bags．He stopped right next to me to greet his family．

　　First he kissed his three children one by one and said, “It’s nice to see you．I missed you so much!” Then he hugged his wife, “I’ve saved the best for last!” giving her the longest, most passionate kiss I ever remember seeing．They stared at each other’s eyes, smiling at one another, while holding both hands．For an instant they reminded me of newlyweds(新婚夫妇), but I knew by the age of their kids that they couldn’t possibly be．

　　Full of admiration, I asked, “Wow! How long have you two been married?” “Being together for fourteen years total, married twelve of those．” He replied, without breaking his gaze from his lovely wife’s face．“Well, then, how long have you been away?” I asked．“Two whole days!” “Two days?” I was astonished．By the intensity(热烈)of the greeting, I had assumed he’d been gone for at least several weeks－if not months．I knew my expression betrayed me, so I turned away my eyes and said quietly, “I hope my marriage is still that passionate after so long!”

　　The man suddenly stopped smiling and looked me straight in the eye．With forcefulness he told me something that left me a different person．“Don’t hope, friend…decide!” Then he smiled again, shook my hand and said, “God bless!”

　　With that, he and his family turned and walked away together．

　　I was still watching that man and his special family walk just out of sight when my friend came up to me and asked, “What are you looking at?” Without hesitation, and with a curious sense of certainty, I replied, “My future!”

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　　One in five American families will move every year．Moving is one of the most stress-producing events a family has to go through．Experts say it can be harder for children．How do you help your child adjust to the changes?

　　The Ricardos moved from their old house to a new home．Same family, same dog-but it was harder for 9-year-old Elena．She hated the room, the house and everything．She hated leaving her friends the most．

　　“I was so emotional．I mean, saying goodbye to all my friends…my very close friends, who was my neighbor, made me so sad,” says Elena．

　　For some children, the emotional stress of moving is not much more different from the emotions when someone has died．

　　“There’s that sense that, ‘I’ve lost my friends, my friends, my base, my school, my teachers-everything I knew that made me feel safe is all gone now．I have to start over, ” says Dr．Tim Jordan．

　　Starting over is exactly Dr．Tim Jordan’s advice．Make new friends, enter the new school and enter the new neighborhood．And here are some other pieces of advice．

　　●Explain clearly to the children why the move is necessary．

　　●Familiarize(使熟悉)the children as much as possible with the new area with maps, photographs or the daily newspaper．

　　●After the move, got the children to join in activities in the place．

　　●Help the children keep in touch with friends from the neighborhood before through telephone, letters, e-mail, and personal visits．

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　　Rescuers have found the bodies of over 130 people killed in two ferry disasters in Bangladesh．The accidents happened during a storm that hit the country on April 21st．Hundreds more are missing or feared to be dead．

　　The two ferries sank in different rivers near the capital city of Dhakfi as strong winds and rain hit the South Asian country．The government has since banned all ferries and other boats from traveling at night during the April-May stormy season．One of the ferries，MV Mitali，was carrying far more people than it was supposed to．About 400 passengers fitted into a space made for just 300，police said．The second ferry carried about 100 passengers．

　　“The number of deaths is certain to rise．”said an official in charge of the rescue work．“No one really knows how many people were on board the ferry or how many of them survived．” Ferries in Bangladesh don’t always keep passenger lists，making it difficult to determine the exact number of people on board．Besides the ferry accidents，at least 40 people were killed and 400 injured by lightning strikes．falling houses and trees and the sinking of small boats．Storms are common this time of year in Bangladesh，as are boating accidents．Ferry disasters take away hundreds of lives every year in a nation of 130 million people．Officials blame these river accidents on a lack of safety measures, too many passengers in boats and not enough checks on weather conditions．Ferries are a common means of transport in Bangladesh．It is a country covered by about 230 rivers．Some 20, 000 ferries use the nation’s Waterways every year．And many of them are dangerously overcrowded．Since 1977, more than 3, 000 people have died in some 260 boating accidents．

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　　Far from the land of Antarctica, a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean．At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod．

　　For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish．How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret．The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow．Now it seems we have an answer．

　　Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish．Scientists studied the fish’s blood and measured its freezing point．

　　The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1．88℃ and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it．The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to -2．05℃．That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture．

　　The scientists’ next research job was clear：Find out what in the fish’s blood kept it from freezing．Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein(蛋白质)never before seen in the blood of a fish．When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature．When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point．

　　Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein．It has many small sugar molecules(分子)held in special positions within each big protein molecule．Because of its sugar content．It is called a glycoprotein．So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein．Or AFGP．

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　　BEIJING．Oct．14(Xinhua)－A total of 120 middle school students from 35 countries will attend the final of an international China language contest, to be held in southwest China’s Chongqing Municipality from Oct．16 to 30．

　　The candidates, aged from 15 to 20,must be from foreign countries and not native Chinese speakers, said a statement issued by the Chinese Language Council(CLC),the contest’s organizer, here Thursday．

　　All of the candidates have passed the preliminary contests(初赛)held in their own countries．

　　According to the organizer, the competition will have a top prize, five second prizes, 10 third prizes and a dozen prizes for special talents．The organizer will also launch an online vote for “the most liked candidate．”

　　It was the third year China has held the contest．

　　“The competition not only tests the proficiency of Chinese language but also the candidates’ capability to communicate across different cultures,” the statement said．

　　All the candidates in the final will receive scholarships from the Chinese government, said Hu Hangyu, an official with the Education Bureau of the Chongqing Municipality, jointly organizing the contest．

　　They will also meet local Chinese students and live with Chinese families, Hu said．

　　“The competition is to meet the increasing demand for Chinese learning by foreign youngsters,” said Xu Lin, the CLC director．

　　The CLC has also hosted similar contest for foreign college students since 2002．

　　China has been working to promote Chinese language learning abroad over the past few years．According to the CLC, the country had 282 Confucius Institutes and 272“Confucius Classrooms” in 88 countries and regions as of 2009 since the first one was established in 2004．

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　　Visitors to Britain are sometimes surprised to learn that newspapers there have such a large circulation(发行)．The “Daily Mirror ” and the “Daily express” both sell about four million copies everyday．British families generally buy a newspaper every morning and two or three on Sundays．

　　Besides the national papers, there is, however, another branch of the British press which sells almost as many copies．Local newspapers have a weekly circulation of 13 million．Almost every town and county area has one．Nearly all them hold their own financially(财政)and many of them are very profitable(赚钱的)．

　　These papers are written almost entirely for readers interested in local events-births, weddings, deaths, council(地方会议)meetings and sports．Editors prefer to rely on people who know the district well．A great deal of local news is regularly supplied by clubs and churches in the neighborhood and it does not get out to date as quickly as national news．

　　The editors must never forget that the success of any newspaper depends on advertising(广告)．He is usually anxious to keep the good will of local businessmen for this reason．But if the newspaper is well written and the news items have been carefully chosen to draw local readers, the business men are grateful for the opportunity(机会)to keep their products in the public eyes．

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　　One hot night last July, when our new baby wouldn’t or couldn’t sleep, I tried everything I could think of：a warm bottle, songs gentle rocking．Nothing would settle him down．Guessing that I would have a long night ahead of me, I brought a portable(便携式)TV into his room, figuring that watching the late movie was as good a way as any to kill off the hours till dawn．To my surprise, as soon as the TV lit up, the baby quieted right now, his little eyes focused brightly on the tube．Not to waste an opportunity for sleep, I then walked out of the room, leaving him to watch the actors celebrate John Bellushi's forty-fifth birthday．

　　My wife and I heard no more of the baby that night, and the next morning when I went into his room, I found him still watching TV himself．I found in my baby's a metaphor(启示)for the new generation．My wife and I had given him some books to examine, but he merely spit upon them．When we read to him, he did not feel comfortable．And so it is in the schools．We find that our students don't read, that they look down upon reading and scold those of us who teach it．All they want to do is watching TV．

　　After this experience with the baby, however, I have reached a conclusion：“Let them watch it!” If television is that much more attractive to children than books, why should we fight it? Let them watch it all they want!

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