阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　As the population of the planet increases, so does the number of homes, businesses, parking lots, schools, airports and roadways．all these structures use electricity and need to be lighted．Humans demand these lights．They want their homes more comfortable and they want their streets sage．The problem is that researchers are fin ding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well．

　　Less than 10 years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my town, lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attracted meteor shower(流星雨)．The area was short of homes, street lights and traffic．If I did that today, I wouldn't be able to see the meteor shower sa well, and I would surely be run over by a car．

　　Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide pollution．if you've ever taken a flight at night, the view is beautiful, but you must remember that all the light you see is wasted electricity is worldwide．

　　Additionally, electricity needs to be generated, and the generation of electricity creates pollution by giving off greenhouse gases．This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life．

　　Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife．Thou sands of birds die each year when they crash into highly ighted buildings, as they become puzzled by the light．It has been long known that tiny sea turtle hatchings become lost and follow lights on the shore instead of heading towards the sea．

　　Fortunately, light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect．Following some guidelines and a little searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contribution to light pollution．

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　● Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

　　9∶00－9∶45a. m. Blue Tent

　　Panelists(成员)：Jami Bernard, David Kamp, Marion Nestle and Peter Singer．

　　Hosted by Denise Gray, science writer for The New York Times．

　　How does what we eat not only affect our bodies, but also the world? The food and nutrition experts debate the role that the diet plays in both personal and global health, and present a look at food politics．

　　● Sports writing：For the Love of the Game

　　9∶50－10∶35a. m. Blue Tent

　　Panelists：Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape．

　　Hosted by William C．Rhoden, sports writer for The New York Times．

　　Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience．Listen as some professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news．

　　● The Art of the Review

　　11∶15－12∶00a. m. Green Tent

　　Panelists：John Freeman, Barry Gewen, David Orr, Celia McGee and Jennifer Schuessler．

　　Hosted by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for The New York Times Book Review．

　　How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales? Join this group of critics as they discuss the reality of the book review and bestseller lists, and how they choose books for review．

　　● New York Writers, New York Stories

　　3∶00－3∶45p. m. Green Tent

　　Panelists：Cindy Adams, Richard Cohen, Ric Klass and Lauren Redniss．

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

Andrew Carneigie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America．His success resulted partly from his ability to sell the product and partly from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments．Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society．He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves． “He who dies rich, dies disgraced” , he often said．Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history．He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie－Mellon University．Other philanthropic(慈善的)gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts．Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity．His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2, 500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today．

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　My wife passed away a few years ago, and I went through the worst time in my life．I even wanted to kill myself．Just for kids, I had to continue to live and work as small－town doctor at my medical clinic in Hawaii．My kids had gone to live on the mainland, and I was alone．Then they asked me to have a family trip．

　　On our trip, we turned on the TV at the motel and saw the second plane crash into the World Trade Center．Seeing it falling down, I said to my kids：“I'm going to Afghanistan” ．And a few weeks later, international Medical Corps sent me to set up 20 clinics in provinces where people had no health care．In these field clinics surrounded by frightening shoots or deadly bombs, we were eventually serving 27, 000 patients a month in a very busy schedule．Tired and nervous, I gradually had a sense of achievement, a sense of purpose, and my depression went away．

　　In the years to follow, I went to Indonesia after the tsunami, Pakistan after the earthquakes, Sudan after the civil warm and Iraq after more and more bombs．Each time after disasters one after another, hundreds of people were killed, wounded and many more had to flee．We once set up movable clinics in an area with 19, 000 refugees, and it was supposed to hold 13, 000 originally．Flu broke out, one of the biggest killers of kids in refugee camps, and it spread like wildfire．Water and food were also serious problems． “Adventures or not?” I often asked myself．

　　When my wife passed away, I thought my life was done．But in reality, it was just getting started．At the end of her life, she went unconscious．I held her head in my hands and told her of all the places we would visit and the exciting adventures we would have．

　　I think about the moment many times during my “adventures” ．I didn't know how predictive those words would be．But I know that she is still with me．

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　As the population of the planet increases, so does the number of homes, businesses, parking lots, schools, airports and roadways．All these structures use electricity and need to be lighted．Humans demand these lights．They want their homes more comfortable and they want their streets sage．The problem is that researchers are finding that all the light is having a negative effect on humans and wildlife as well．

　　Less than 10 years ago I drove to a thinly populated section of my town, lay down in the middle of the road and watched an attracted meteor shower(流星雨)．The area was short of homes, street lights and traffic．If I did that today, I wouldn't be able to see meteor shower as well, and I would surely be run over by a car．

　　Nowadays scientists are finding light pollution can be almost as bad as carbon dioxide pollution．If you’ve ever taken a flight at night, the view is beautiful, but you must remember that all the light you see is wasted electricity．The crew of the space shuttles see an even bigger picture of how extensive the wasted electricity is worldwide．

　　Additionally, electricity needs to be generated, and the generation of electricity creates pollution by giving off greenhouse gases．This affects the air we breathe and our quality of life．

　　Scientists are also studying the effects of light pollution on wildlife．Thousands of birds die each year when they crash into highly lighted buildings, as they become puzzled by the light．It has been long known that tiny sea turtle hatchlings become lost and follow lights on the shore instead of heading towards the sea．

　　Fortunately, light pollution is one of the easiest sources of pollution that can be corrected without a negative effect．Following some guidelines and a little searching on Google can give you many ideas on how to reduce your contribution to light pollution．

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　There is no better place to be than beside the seaside in the summer．And even in Britain you can still find beaches away from the crowds with golden sand．

COMPTON BAY, ISLE OF WIGHT

　　This wide sandy beach is on the south west coast, between Freshwater and Brook is part of the Tennyson Heritage Coast．There are striking views of the white cliffs further along the coast．A coastal path passes behind the beach, and you can enjoy scenic cliff top walks in either direction．

　　Accommodation：Sandpipers Hotel(01983 758150, www．Sandpipershotel．com)with doubles from ￡10 pp．

KINGSGATE BAY, KENT

　　Around the beach round a bend in the coastal road from Ramsgate are white cliffs with Kingsgate Castle dominating the whole landscape．It is fairly isolate, with few facilities, but is perfect for summer bathing or for bracing winter walks．

　　Accommodation：Fayreness Hotel(0188 86866, www．fayreness．com)with doubles with breakfast form ￡ 69.50 pp．

RINGSTEAD BAY, DORSET

　　A picturesque 210 ft crescent(弦月状)of pebbles with clean water－ that's a perfect escape from some of the busier beaches around Weymouth．You reach it by passing through the village of Upton, then along a narrow country road．Next to the car park is a well－stocked shop．The cliffs behind RINGSTEAD Bay are an excellent place for fossil hunting．

　　Accommodation：Glenburn Hotel(01305 832318, www．Glenburnhotel．com)with doubles from ￡79 including breakfast．

BRANSCOMBE, DEVON

　　Lying on the East Devon Heritage Coast, Branscombe has good facilities with toilets and a car park close to the beach, as well as a small picnic area．A well－stocked shop sells the most attractive dairy ice cream．Next to the shop is the Sea Shanty restaurant－open every day until 5 pm during the summer．

　　Accommodation：The Mason's Arms, Branscombe Village(01297 680300, www．Masonsarms．Co．uk)with doubles from ￡65 pp with breakfast．

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Andrew Carneigie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America．His success resulted partly from his ability to sell the product and partly from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his competitors were reducing their investments．Carnegie believed that individuals

　　should pragress through hard word, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy shoukl use their fortunes for the benefit of society．He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves．“He who does rich, dies disgraced”, he often said．Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, whic has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history．He also founded a school of technology that is now part of Carnegie－Mellon

　　University．Other philanthropic(慈善的)gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts．Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie's generosity．His contributions of more than five million dollars established 2, 500 libraries in small communities throughout the country and formed the nucleus of the public library system that we all enjoy today．

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　My wife passed away a few years ago, and I went through the worst time in my life．I even wanted to kill myself．Just for kids, I had to continue to live and work as small-town doctor at my medical clinic in Hawaii．My kids had gone to live on the mainland, and I was alone．Then then asked me to have a family trip．

　　On our trip, we turned on the TV at the motel and saw the second plane crash into the World Trade Center．Seeing it falling down, I said to my kids：“I'm going to Afghanistan”．And a few weeks later, international Medical Corps sent me to set up 20 clinics in provinces where people had no health care．In these field clinics surrounded by frightening shoots or deadly bombs, we were eventually serving 27, 000 patients a month in a very busy schedule．Tired and nervous, I gradually had a sense of achievement, a sense of purpose, and my depression went away．

　　In the years to follow, I went to Indonesia after the tsunami, Pakistan after the earthquakes, Sudan after the civil warm and Iraq after more and more bombs．Each time after disasters one after another, hundreds of people were killed, wounded and many more had to flee．We once set up movable clinics in an area with 19, 000 refugees, and it was supposed to hold 13, 000 originally．Flu broke out, one of the biggest killers of kids in refugee camps, and it spread like wildfire．Water and food were also serious problems．“Adventures or not?” I often asked myself．

　　When my wife passed away, I thought my life was done．But in reality, it was just getting started．At the end of her life, she went unconscious．I held her head in my hands and told her of all the places we would visit and the exciting adventures we would have．

　　I think about the moment many times during my “adventures” ．I didn't know how predictive those words would be．But I know that she is still with me．

阅读理解

　　Employment practices often reflect the needs of employers several decades ago．Times have changed．And so too has the Canadian workforce．Yet many employment practices have not kept pace with this change．For example, some work environments and washrooms designed for able-bodied workers seldom accommodate people who use a wheelchair．

　　Modernizing these practices is what employment equality is about．For example, making sure work benches and washrooms are adapted for disabled people entering the workplace paves the way for workers who become disabled on the job．By doing so, any given group of people formerly discriminated against-now has access to better employment opportunities．

　　The objective, of course, is to make the workplace reflect Canadian society．However, this does not necessarily mean setting and enforcing quotas(实行配额)．Rather, it means identifying the barriers to employment and designing measures, with achievable goals and clear timetables, to remove them．

　　For example, according to the Canadian Union of Public Employees-Canada's largest union, it would be unrealistic in the short term to insist that because half of the working age population is women, that half of the employees of an engineering firm should be women．At this moment, there would not be enough qualified female engineers．

　　A reasonable numerical goal would be based on the number of women who actually are engineers(8％)and those who are studying to become engineers(25％)．A short term goal of 13％ would be appropriate without running the risk of hiring unqualified people．

　　Equally important is to ensure people who have been disadvantaged the chance to become qualified for new opportunities．If aboriginal people(土著居民), for example, can't qualify for certain jobs because they haven't had access to appropriate educational opportunities, then an employment equality program would have to address that problem with training programs．

　　Employment laws in this country cannot be considered displeasing if they guarantee all Canadians fair and equal access to the workforce．

阅读理解

It tastes just like chicken

　　Away from home, eating is more than just a way to keep your stomach full．It is a language all its own, and no words can say, "Glad to meet you…glad to be doing business with you…" quite like sharing a meal offered by your host．

　　Clearly, mealtime is not the time for you to say, "Thanks, but no thanks．" Acceptance of the food on your plate means acceptance of host, country, and company．So, no matter how difficult it may be to swallow, swallow．Or, as one experienced traveler says, "Travel with a cast-iron stomach and eat everything everywhere．"

　　Often, the food offered represents proudly your host country's eating culture．What would Americans think of a French person who refused to take a bite of homemade apple pie or sirloin(or beef)? Our discomfort comes not so much from the thing itself; it comes from our unfamiliarity with it．After all, an oyster has remarkably the same look as a sheep's eye; and a first look at a lobster would remind almost anybody of a creature from a science fiction movie, not something you dip in butter and eat．By the way, in Saudi Arabia sheep's eyes are a famous dish and in parts of China it's bear's paw soup．

　　Can you refuse such food without being rude? Most experienced business travelers say no, at least not before taking at least a few bites．It helps, though, to slice any item very thin．This way, you minimize the taste and the reminder of where it came from．Or, "Swallow it quickly," as one traveler recommends．"I still can't tell you what sheep's eyeballs taste like．" As for dealing with taste, the old line that "it tastes just like chicken" is often thankfully true．Even when the "it" is really a rat or snake．

　　Another useful piece of advice is not knowing what you are eating．What's for dinner? Don't ask．Avoid glancing into the kitchen or looking at English-language menus．Your host will be pleased that you are eating the food he offers, and who knows? Maybe it really is chicken in that soup．