请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Besides containing attractive flowers, trees and other plants that beautify the community, eco－friendly rain gardens are healthy for the environment and the people living and working nearby．

　　A rain garden is not very different from a traditional garden．It is just a far more eco－friendly garden．Usually it is built lower than the ground．Rain gardens make smart use of rain and storm water by temporarily holding water from rain and storms and letting it soak slowly into the ground before it runs into streams or enters the public drinking water supply．

　　Thus, a rain garden keeps the water, allowing it to be used as needed by plants in the rain garden, rather than flowing immediately into nearby streams and going unused．The water will soak slowly into the ground within a day or two．This creates an advantage that the rain garden does not allow mosquitoes to breed．This is a simple, attractive, and eco－friendly “green” way to treat storm water．

　　What's more, planting a rain garden helps reduce pollution and improve the environment．Without using expensive machinery and chemicals, rain gardens remove harmful chemicals in the rainwater and cut down on the amount of pollution reaching streams and rivers by up to 30％．

　　Native plants are recommended for rain gardens because they are more used to the local climate, soil, and water conditions．They may attract local wildlife such as native birds．Water your rain garden immediately after planting and once a week, unless you have had at least an inch of rain during the week．Once the native plants establish the necessary root system, it will require little care．

　　Often, local governments and private businesses develop large rain gardens in their yards and in public parks as a way to improve the environment and solve flooding problems．However, you don't need to be a professional environmental engineer to create a rain garden．As long as you’re eco－conscious homeowners, you can help the environment by building smaller rain gardens in your yards．

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阅读下面的短文，然后从A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　Joseph Goldberger was a doctor for the Unite States Public Health Service．In 1912, he began to study a disease that was killing thousands of people in the South．The disease was pellagra(烟酸缺乏病)．

　　Doctor Goldberger traveled to the state of Mississippi where many people had pellagra．He studied the patients and their families．Most of the people were poor．The doctor came to believe that the disease was not passed from one person to another, but instead had something to do with food．

　　He received agreement from state officials to test this idea at a prison(监狱)．Prisoners were offered pardons if they took part．One group of prisoners received their usual food, mostly corn．A second group ate meat, fresh vegetables and milk．Members of the first group developed pellagra．The second group did not．

　　But some experts refused to accept that poor food caused pellagra．They thought there were other causes．

　　So Doctor Goldberger put blood(血液)from a person with pellagra into his own body．He even took pills that had blood from pellagra patients．An assistant also took part in the experiments．So did Doctor Goldberger's wife．None of them got sick．Later, the doctor discovered that a bit of dried brewer's yeast(酿酒的酵母)each day could prevent pellagra．

　　Joseph Goldberger died of cancer in 1929．He was 55 years old．Several years later, researchers discovered the true cause of pellagra：having little of the vitamin B．

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阅读下面的短文，然后从A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　Copywriting is the art of sending a message in writing, especially in advertisements, for the purpose(目的)of persuading someone to do something．This is especially true when writing descriptive(描述性的)copy．Why? Because customers’(顾客)senses don't work on paper．They only work in person．That's why copywriters have to create a sensory experience for their customers through their words．

　　When copywriters create descriptions, they often leave a lot to be desired．There is no interaction(互动)or experience．Descriptions should be descriptive．Successful descriptions should fill the gap of what customers would see, hear, smell, taste or feel as if they were standing before the product．Successful descriptions should also draw customers’ attention and create an actual event as if they could be right there．

　　Do you make cinnamon rolls(肉桂卷)? You wouldn't want to describe them simply as “delicious” or “smell great” ．Instead, you'd want to bring your customers to the experience of enjoying them．Something like this will work better：Completely NOT your grandma's cinnamon rolls! Freshly bake them right in your own oven．As the strong pleasant smell of these excellent rolls begins to float in the air, your nose will start to feel excited and you'll immediately know they are worth the wait．

　　When writing descriptive copy, choose the senses that are most proper and focus on them．If describing food, certainly you'll think about not only what you’re tasting, but also what you smell and see．If you’re writing travel copy, you'll focus on sights, sounds as well as feelings．Your goal is to have your readers close their eyes and imagine they are in the same experience as you are．

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阅读下面的短文，然后从A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

　　Sophia Richardson：Both my parents are really important to me．My parents are really more than friends．They’re the people I can open up and talk to．Talking to them is like talking to one of my friends．They’ve been there for me and given me good advice on a lot of my problems．

　　Stacey Avnes：My Jewish big sister is important to me．Her name is Lauren．We’ve been together for two years．My mom is a single mom and she is very busy．Lauren is someone who helps me deal with all this stuff because she's someone I can talk to．She's like a second mom to me and also a best friend．If I have any problem, I can call her and she'll come and pick me up and we'll go to a park and talk．

　　Jean Park：It's my uncle who is important to me．When I'm with him, I'm grateful(感激的)for the small things－being alive and healthy; having a good family and friends．He's also very grateful for the small things and gives back to his community(社区)．

　　Melaku Shierfaw：My father is important to me．He came here from a rich family in Africa．But when he came, he didn't take any money and started fresh．He showed that he could do everything by himself without the help of others and he's successful．It shows me that I can do anything as long as I try．

　　Kalin Scott－Wright：My great grandmother is in charge of our whole family．She was born in 1920．I know she went through a lot in her life．She was a very strong woman and she raised my mom and took her in．She had a kind spirit and loved me and my brother．She'll always be there for me although she's not alive any longer．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Sabina Castelfranco| Rome October 16, 2011－The U．N．World Food program says there are growing concerns over food insecurity in the developing world．Some of those concerns are discussed in a report to agree with the anniversary Sunday of World Food Day．

　　The theme for World Food Day 2011 is “Food prices－From Crisis to Stability”．A ceremony to mark World Food Day will be held Monday at the headquarters of the U．N．Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome．

　　Rising food prices, weather emergencies and political instability are deepening the struggle of families trying to provide for their households in many developing nations．

　　This year's “State of Food In security in the World” report, published last week, focuses on the impact of food price volatility, confirming that high, unpredictable prices are likely to continue．

　　The report highlighted how poor consumers, small farmers and countries dependent on imports, especially in Africa, have been deeply affected by the food and economic crises．

　　Gregory Barrow is with the World Food Program in Rome．

　　“if you look at the places where World Food program works particularly in developing countries, you see populations of people who might be spending 60, 70, 80percent of their salaries on purchasing food for their families” ．

　　Barrow added that if prices become changeful and generally start rising, even by a small amount, it means that many of these people are going to struggle to put nutritious food on their tables．

　　The report also showed that even short－term fluctuations(波动)in prices can have a long－term effect on development, and that cutting back on nutritious food in the first 1.000 days of a child's life can affect mental and physical development and finally, future earning capacity．

　　The United Nations has programs in place aimed at reducing the number of hungry people by one－half by 2015．But most observers agree this target is unlikely to be reached．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　There were quite a lot of things that the philosophers of the old times got right and one of those things was that there is a very strong need for lawyers and government in a society．The government looks to protect and help you in times of need and the lawyers are there to fight for your case if you are treated unfairly, Just like then, there is still a need for government to help people when they need help now in today's world．This sort of help can come from when people need social security benefits because they become disabled after some sort of accident．

　　If you have become disabled in recent days．Then you certainly have rights go find out whether you are qualified to receive the social security disability benefits．The social security disability is for those who have become disabled or are disabled due to some sort of accident that may have happened that forces you to be out of work．This can be very frustrating because being out of work means that you cannot make money that you need in order to provide for yourself and those you are possible taking care of．This is where the government comes into play．The government will help you out with this and possibly give you money in order to keep yourself from ending up on the streets．

　　They understand that accidents do happen and that there needs to be some sort of help for those who get into accidents and cannot provide for themselves．If you are sure that you have a disability, get in touch with the social security department for more information．Meyers Law Firm can help you get the social security disability benefits you have rights to gain．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Millions of people are using cell phones today．In many places it is actually considered unusual not to use one．In many countries, cell phones are very popular with young people．They find that the phones are more than a means of communication－having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected．

　　The explosions around the world in mobile phone use make some health professional worried．Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones．In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue．Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas．They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health．

　　On the other hand, why do some medical studies show changes in the brain cells of some people who use mobile phones? Signs of change in the issues of the brain and head can be detected with modern scanning(扫描)equipment．In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss, He couldn't remember even simple tasks．He would often forget the name of his own son．This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years．His family doctor．blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree．

　　What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation．High－tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones．Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about．

　　As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often．Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time．Use your mobile phone only when you really need it．Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies．In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that says they are bad for your health．So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Frank was a barber and my grandma Joan was a hairdresser, who moved from London to Rugby and then settled in Cambridge．The worked together in their own shop on Mill Road, and it was adove it that my mother and my two older sisters were born．

　　I remember visting them often at the salon(沙龙)and sitting in the back room eating my lunch, which always seemed to be a boiled egg．I can still recall the bursrt linoleum(油毡地毯)，the almost overpowering smell of hairdresser′s chemicals, the barber′s shop was at the front and the ladies’ salon at the back．Theve was always barber's banter(打趣)and customers would try to talk to me, but I mistrusted strangers and was not interested, much to my grandpa's disgust．

　　Frank was a conscientious objector in the second world war and was sent to Bedford prison, Later, he was sent to a prisoner－of－war camp for hard labor, and to guard the prisoners．He made good friends with some of the Italians and after war they visited each other for many years until they all became too old to travel．Grandma was a fantastic cook and picked up a lot of Italian cookery tips on her visits．She could make a delicious meal from basic materials and was a very inventive person, who recycled long before it was fashionable．

　　That generation lived through hard times and two world wars．They were resourceful through necessity, making use and re－using whatever they could．

　　Although my grandfather was a cantankerous man who could be quite difficult sometimes, they were devoted to each other and spent many happy years together．

　　My grandma had a heavy stroke in her 90s and was never the same again, as though part of her brain had been switched off．She tried hard to carry on with her cooking, sewing and knitting etc, but it became too much of a challenge．She died a few years later in 1998, and it broke Frank's heart．Exactly a year later, Frank died, aged91．The nurse who was with him when he died said his last words were： “I'm coming．Joan．”

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Tired of telling students to ask questions and to think about what they were doing, Damien Hynes, a high school geography teacher in Australia, decided to do an experiment to test what he had long been thinking．He wrote some well－organized nonsense(something untrue)on the blackboard．The students simply copied it but very few asked any questions．This shows that students are willing to believe anything given by teachers．The story is repeated in support of the Project for Enhancing Effective Learning(PEEL)．

　　PEEL was carried out by some teachers and researchers in Melbourne who had concluded that normal teaching methods seldom achieve their intended goals; what the teachers think they are teaching is one thing and what the students actually learn is something else．Students’ lack of an over－all view of learning goals and their concentration on test scores make them see each lesson as a separate activity．

　　Researchers realized that many students do not come into class empty－headed but have their own explanations of how the world works．Their own ideas can remain important to them even when they conflict with scientific explanations that are learned later．In fact such ideas are hardly affected by traditional teaching．Students accept the teacher's scientific explanation, but do not drop their own．They simply keep both and use them practically：in a class test, they copy the teacher's idea, but in real life they use their own．

　　Clearly what was needed was to make students aware of their learning process, and this is what the PEEL teachers set out to deal with．On the surface, a class being taught by PEEL methods only differs from an ordinary class in being a little noisier, because more people are talking．But there are some meaningful changes．Students are given much more time to express their views, and teachers don't make immediate judgment．The students are allowed to guide what is done in class and their own ideas are always respected．This draws their attention to the actual learning process, and they become responsible for their own progress．

　　The PEEL researchers rejected the idea of numerical(数字的)comparisons between PEEL and non－PEEL classes．They decided that their experiment would be proved valuable if the experiences of children and teachers in different classes using PEEL methods were similar．So far, all teachers and students who have worked with PEEL methods agree that their approach to teaching and learning has really changed．The students are far more ready to question what is presented to them, while the teachers are convinced that the traditional methods are not good enough．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　It's researched that when watched, humans change from selfish to unselfish．Do you?

　　A picture of a set of eyes on a computer screen can cause a change in the way people act．Even images of eyes on a charity donation(慈善捐款), collection box encourage people to be unselfish, because people put more money in a collection box that has a picture of eyes on it than they do when a flower symbol is on the box．

　　Manfred Milinski from the Max－Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in Germany and Bettina Rockenbach of the University of Berlin, the authors of a new study, found that people act better when they are being watched because they feel they will be rewarded for good behaviour．Their report also referred to other research showing that this response of behaving well when watched unconsciously, or without realizing it．

　　It is not just humans that act unselfishly when they are being watched．A fish called the grooming fish cleans other fish．When other fish are around, it is gentler．When no other fish are around, however, the grooming fish bites chunks from the fish which is supposed to be cleaned．

　　The researchers suggest that the best way to get people to behave in the correct way is to make them feel watched．This could be the reason for the success of a famous American army poster．On it was a picture of an elderly man staring fiercely and pointing, it appeared, to the person who was looking at the poster．Under the picture was the title 'I Want You'．It encouraged hundreds of thousands of young American men to join the army during the Second World War to fight the Germans and Japanese．

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