阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　An old problem is getting new attention in the United States－bullying．Recent cases included the tragic case of a fifteen－year－old girl whose family moved from Ireland．She hanged herself in Massachusetts in January following months of bullying．Her parents criticized her school for failing to protect her．Officials have brought criminal charges against several teenagers．

　　Judy Kuczynski is president of an anti－bullying group called Bully Police USA．Her daughter Tina was the victim of severe bullying starting in middle school in the state of Minnesota．Her said, “Our daughter was a very outgoing child．She was a bubbly personality, very involved in all kinds of things, had lots of friends．And over a period of time her grades fell completely．She started having health issues．She couldn't sleep．She wasn't eating．She had terrible stomach pains．She started clenching(咬紧)her jaw and grinding(磨, 咬牙)her teeth at night．She didn't want to go to school．”

　　Bullying is defined as negative behavior repeated over time against the same person．It can involve physical violence．Or it can be verbal－ for example, insults or threats．Spreading lies about someone or excluding a person from a group is known as social or relational bullying．

　　And now there is cyber bullying, which uses the Internet, e－mail or text messages．It has easy appeal for the bully because it does not involve face－to－face contact and it can be done at any time．

　　The first serious research studies into bullying were done in Norway in the late 1970s．The latest government study in the United States was released last year．It found that about one－third of students aged twelve to eighteen were bullied at school．

　　Susan Sweater is a psychologist at the University of Nebraska－Lincoln and co－director of the Bullying Research Network．She says schools should treat bullying as a mental health problem to get bullies and victims the help they need．She says bullying is connected to depression, anxiety and anti－social behavior, and bullies are often victims themselves．

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阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Who's in control of your life? Who is pulling your string? For the majority of us, it's other people－society, colleagues, friends, family or our religious community．We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course．We were brainwashed．We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us．As Oscar Wilde puts it, “Most people are other people．Their thoughts are someone else's opinions, their lives a mimicry(模仿), their passions a quotation．”

　　So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good．We long for this good feeling like a drug．Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to．Just as drug addicts and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix(一剂毒品)．We worsen our own existence to get our own constant fix of approval．

　　But, just as with any drug, there is a price to pay．The price of the approval drug is freedom－the freedom to be ourselves．The truth is that we cannot control what other people think．People have their own agenda, and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, they're more interested in themselves than in you．Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand．Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time．The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and probably pleasing no one in the process．

　　So how can we take back control? I think there's only one way－make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think．We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values－not values imposed(强加)from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within．If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life．

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阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　In November of 2007, NBC Universal launched(发起)its first official Green Week．Throughout the week, NBC Universal presented over 150 hours of environmentally themed content across multiple platforms．

　　Now, NBC Universal is proud to present Green Week 2009．With a new theme and message of "Green Your Routine, " Here at NBC and NBC．com we celebrate our talent in the "The More You Know" PSA campaign, presenting green－themed tips in several of our daytime life, among several other features here on the "Green Your Routine" site．

　　Fashion ＆ Beauty

　　Throw a clothes swap party! Dying for that sweater your friend wore the other day? Well, maybe she'll trade for that old T－shirt you have．Here's a website that helps you organize a swap party(www．swapstyle．com), or just plan your own!

　　Go natural with organic make－up．Applying unnatural products directly on your skin wasn't exactly what nature intended．Try switching to a line of organic make－up and cosmetics for a different way to bring out your natural beauty．

　　Home

　　Drop a brick in your toilet tank! Literally! According to the EPA, flushing(冲洗)makes up 30 percent of a household's water use(about three to six gallons per flush)．By placing a brick in your toilet tank, you can help to conserve the amount of water used during each flush．

　　Work

　　Print smarter．Printing and copying can be one of the most costly operations in any office．To save on ink and paper costs, print double－sided and try to fit more than one page on a sheet．More printing tips can be found here：lifehacker．com

　　Turn off your computer．Do you leave your computer on overnight? If so, you're using up a good amount of electricity．When you can, try turning off your computer and the power strip it's connected to．If you can't, at least shut off your monitor．

　　Transportation

　　Organize a carpool．There are many benefits to carpooling．You save on gas, reduce wear and tear on your car, and you get to ride in the HOV lanes．Get connected with your neighbours and co－workers to start sharing rides and check out this website for more tips：www．erideshare．com．

　　Lose the car, get a bike．If you live close to where you work, try taking a bike instead of driving．You'll keep in shape and save on gas!

　　Every small step and effort makes a difference! Be sure to GREEN YOUR ROUTINE!

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阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Our listener question this week comes from Vietnam．Quang Khoi asks about Murphy's Law．Murphy's Law says：“Everything that can possibly go wrong will go wrong．” Like many other popular sayings, it is difficult to find one explanation for it．

　　Those trying to explain Murphy's Law agree that it began in the United States Air Force, which says the expression was named after officer Edward Murphy．He was an engineer working on a project in space flight research in 1949．One story says Captain Murphy was commenting about the failure of some equipment he was using in an experiment．He reportedly mentioned the worker responsible by saying：“If there is a way to do it wrong, he will find it．” Another official heard this and called it Murphy's Law．

　　Another story is found in a book called A History of Murphy's Law by Nick Spark．It says members of the research team working with Captain Murphy created a similar phrase：“If it can happen, it will happen．” They called this Murphy's Law．But Spark later said there are in fact many different explanations about who invented the expression．

　　Still, many stories say the first use of the term Murphy's Law was at a press conference several weeks later．John Stapp was an Air Force captain at the time．He spoke to reporters about the tests completed by Captain Murphy and his team．Stapp said no one was injured during the tests because the Air Force considered “Murphy's Law” before carrying out their experiments．He said this meant that they considered everything that could go wrong before a test and planned how to prevent those mistakes from happening．

　　Today, you can find examples of Murphy's Law in everyday life．For example, you might say that if you drop a slice of buttered bread on the floor, it will always land with the buttered side down．

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阅读下列短文，从题中所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Jim suffered heart problems．In conversation he expressed little joy and it seemed that his life was drawing to a close．

　　When his heart problems led to operation, Jim went through it successfully, and a full recovery was expected．Within days, however, his heart was not beating properly．Jim was rushed back to operation, but nothing was found to explain the cause of his illness．He died on the operating table on the day before his 48th birthday．

　　Dr．Bruce Smoller, a psychologist(心理学家), had had many conversations with him, and the more he learned, the stranger he realized Jim's case was．When Jim was a child, his father, a teacher, suffered a heart attack and stayed home to recover．One morning Jim asked his father to look over his homework, promising to come home from school at noon to pick it up．His father agreed, but when Jim returned his father had died．Jim's father was 48．

　　“I think all his life Jim believed he killed his father，” Dr．Smoller says．“He felt that if he had not asked him to look at his homework，his father would have lived．Jim had been troubled by the idea．The operation was the trial(判决)he had expected for forty years．” Smoller believes that Jim willed himself not to live to the age of 48．

　　Jim's case shows the powerful role that attitude(态度)plays in physical health, and that childhood experiences produce far－reaching effect on the health of grown－ups．Although most cases are less direct than Jim's, studies show that childhood events, besides genes, may well cause such midlife diseases as cancer, heart disease and mental illness．

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阅读下列短文，从题中所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Margaret, married with two small children, has been working for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building．

　　She trained as a nurse, but had to give it up when her elder child became seriously ill．“I would have liked to go back to it, but the shifts(工作班次)are all wrong for me, as I have to be home to get the children up and off to school．”

　　So she works as a cleaner instead, from 9 p．m．till 6 a．m．five nights a week for just ￡ 90, before tax and insurance．“It's better than it was last year, but I still think that people who work ‘unsocial hours’ should get a bit extra．”

　　The hours she's chosen to work mean that she sees plenty of the children, but very little of her husband．However, she doesn't think that puts any pressure on their relationship．

　　Her work isn't physically very hard, but it's not exactly pleasant, either．“I do get angry with people who leave their offices like a place for raising pigs．If they realized people like me have to do it, perhaps they'd be a bit more careful．”

　　The fact that she's working all night doesn't worry Margaret at all．Unlike some dark buildings at night, the building where she works is fully lit, and the women work in groups of three．“Since I’ve got to be here, I try to enjoy myself－and I usually do, because of the other girls．We all have a good laugh, so the time never drags．”

　　Another challenge Margaret has to face is the reaction of other people when she tells them what she does for a living．“They think you’re a cleaner because you don't know how to read and write, ” said Margaret．“I used to think what my parents would say if they knew what I'd been doing, but I don't think that way any more．I don't dislike the work though I can't say I'm mad about it．”

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阅读下列短文，从题中所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Charles Blackman：Alice in Wonderland

　　Venue(地点)The Ian Potter Center

　　Admission Free entry

　　Charles Blackman is famous for his beautiful painting of dreams．In 1956, he heard for the first time Lewis Carroll's extraordinary tale of Alice in Wonderland －the story of a Victorian　girl who falls down a rabbit hole, meets a lot of funny characters and experiences all kinds of things．At that time, Blackman's wife was suffering from progressive blindness．The story of Alice moving through the strange situations, often disheartened by various events, was similar to his wife's experiences．It also reflected so much of his own life．All this contributed to the completion of the Alice in Wonderland paintings．

　　Illustrator Workshop

　　Go straight to the experts for an introductory course in book illustration．The course includes an introduction to the process of illustration and its techniques, workshop exercise and group projects．

　　Date Sunday 17 June ＆Sunday 5Aug．10am－1pm

　　Venue Gas Works Arts Park

　　Wonderful World

　　Celebrate the exhibition and Children's Book Week with special activities just for the day, including a special visit from Alice and the White Rabbit

　　Date Sunday 24 June, 11am－4pm

　　Venue Exhibition Space．Level 3

　　Topsy－ Turvy

　　Visit the exhibition or discover wonderful curiosities in artworks in the NGV Collection and make a magic world in a box．Alice and the White Rabbit will be with you．Walt Disney's Alice in Wonderland will be screened．

　　Dates Sunday 8, 15, 22, 29 July, and Tuesday 24－Friday 27 July, 12noon－3pm

　　Venue Theatre, NGV Australia

　　Drawing Workshop

　　Distortions of scale(比例失真)can make artworks strange but interesting．Find out how Charles Blackman distorted scale in his paintings to create a curious world, then experiment with scale in your own drawings．More information upon booking．

　　Date Friday 27 July, 10∶30am－3pm

　　Venue Foryer, Level 3

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阅读下列短文，从题中所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

How I Turned to Be Optimistic

　　I began to grow up that winter night when my parents and I were returning from my aunt's house，and my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America．We were on the bus then．I was crying，and some people on the bus were turning around to look at me．I remember that I could not bear the thought of never hearing again the radio program for school children to which I listened every morning．

　　I do not remember myself crying for this reason again．In fact，I think I cried very little when I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives．When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see－the strange and magical places I had known only from books and pictures．The country I was leaving never to come back was hardly in my head then．

　　The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism，but the idea did not come to me at once．For the first two years in New York I was really lost－having to study in three schools as a result of family moves．I did not quite know what I was or what I should be．Mother remarried，and things became even more complex for me．Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other．I was often sad，and saw no end to “the hard times．”

　　My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew English better than everyone else at home．I wrote letters，filled out forms，translated at interviews with Immigration officers，took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there，and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives．

　　From my experiences I have learned one important rule：almost all common troubles eventually go away! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up，and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right，even though it will not be that easy．

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阅读下列短文，从题中所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　In a recently published book, I came across some exercises with interesting names such as fishbone diagrams, lotus flowers and clustering．As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested．They said more and wrote more．They enjoyed expressing their ideas and sharing them in groups．They were no longer passively waiting for the bell, but actively taking part in the lesson．I find that creativity can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency．

　　Creativity has become a popular word in recent years．Scholars in arts, psychology, business, education and science are all working to get a deeper understanding of it．Robert J．Stemberg is a creativity specialist and Yale professor of psychology．He defines creativity as “the ability to produce work that is both new(original)and appropriate(applicable to the situation)” ．This definition is useful, as we want our students to use language in a new way and to use it correctly and properly．Mot scholars say there are two types of creativity： big “C” creativity and small “c” creativity．Big “C” creativity refers to genius level thinking that results in artistic masterpieces and scientific breakthroughs．Small “c” creativity refers to everyday level thinking that can be used in any situation．Our emphasis is on the latter．While it goes without saying that any of our students could go on to be the next Picasso or Edison, our aim is to help students produce more ideas and use language in a new way．

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阅读下列短文，从题中所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Nervous suspects(嫌疑犯)locked up in Britain's newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow colour on the door．If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance．

　　Gwent Police have abandoned colours such as greys and browns of the 20th－century police cell(牢房)and have used colour psychology to decorate them．

　　Ystrad Mynach station, which recently opened at a cost of￡5 million, has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia(幽闭恐怖症)．Designers have painted the frames yellow, which researchers say is a calming colour．Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the colour is likely to encourage truthfulness．

　　The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a “live scan” system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest．An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner's breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened．

　　Designers and psychologists have worked for years on colour．Blue is said to suggest trust, efficiency, duty, logic, coolness, thinking and calm．It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness．It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter, soft colours will calm the mind and aid concentration．

　　Yellow is linked with confidence, self－respect and friendliness．Get the colour wrong and it could cause fear, depression and anxiety, but the right yellow can lift spirits and self－respect．

　　Ingrid Collins, a psychologist who specializes in the effects of colour, said that colour was an “energy force” ．She said： “Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication．”

　　Yellow, she said, affected the mind．Red, on the other hand, should never be considered because it could increase aggression．Mrs Collins praised the designers for using colours in the cells．Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co－operate．In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy．

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