Directions：Read the following passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage．

　　You are watching a film in which two men are having a fight．They hit one another hard．At the start they only fight with their fists．But soon they begin hitting one another over the heads with chairs．And so it goes on until one of the men crashes through a window and falls thirty feet to the ground below．He is dead! Of course he isn't really dead．With any luck he isn't even hurt．Why? Because the men who fall out of high windows or jump from fast moving trains, who crash cars or even catch fire, are professionals．They do this for a living．These men are called stuntmen．That is to say, they perform tricks．There are two sides to their work．They actually do most of the things you see on the screen．For example, they fall from a high building．However, they do not fall on to hard ground but on to empty cardboard boxes covered with a mattress．Again, when they hit one another with chairs, the chairs are made of soft wood and when they crash through windows, the glass is made of sugar! But although their work depends on trick of this sort, it also requires a high degree of skill and training．Often a stuntman' s success depends on careful timing．For example, when he is "blown up" in a battle scene, he has to jump out of the way of the explosion just at the right moment．Naturally stuntmen are well paid for their work, but they lead dangerous lives．They often get seriously injured, and sometimes killed．A Norwegian stuntman, for example, skied over the edge of a cliff(悬崖)a thousand feet high．His parachute(降落伞)failed to open, and he was killed．In spite of all the risks, this is no longer a profession for men only．Men no longer dress up as women when actresses have to perform some dangerous actions．For nowadays there are stuntgirls tool．

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Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read

　　For years, there has been a bias(偏见)against science among clinical psychologists．In a two－year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science, psychologists led by Timothy B．Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to “provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness” and “give more weight to their personal experiences than to science．” As a result, patients have no guarantee that their “treatment will be informed by science．” Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment．“The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,” he told me, and “there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science．”

　　The “widening” reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying the most effective treatments．Thanks to strict clinical trials, we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new, healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression, panic disorder and other problems, with multiple trials showing that these treatments－the tools of psychology－bring more lasting benefits than drugs．

　　You wouldn't know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist．Although many treatments are effective, relatively few psychologists learn or practice them．

　　Why in the world not? For one thing, says Baker, clinical psychologists are “very doubtful about the role of science” and “lack solid science training” ．Also, one third of patients get better no matter what treatment(if any)they have, “and psychologists remember these successes, believing, wrongly, that they are the result of the treatment．”

　　When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science, clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study that works．A 2008 study of 591 psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues’ experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient．If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence－based medicine, warns Mischel, psychology will “discredit itself．”

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Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read

　　Birthdays often involve surprises．But this year's surprise on the birthday of the great British playwright William Shakespeare is surely one of the most dramatic．

　　On April 22, one day before his 441st birthday anniversary, experts discovered that one of the most recognizable portraits of William Shakespeare is a fake．This means that we no longer have a good idea of what Shakespeare looked like．"It's very possible that many pictures of Shakespeare might be unreliable because many of them are copies of this one, " said an expert from Britain's National Portrait Gallery．

　　The discovery comes after four months of testing using X－rays, ultraviolet light, microphotography and paint samples．The experts from the gallery say the image－commonly known as the "Flower portrait"－ was actually painted in the 1800s, about two centuries after Shakespeare's death．The art experts who work at the gallery say they also used modern chemistry technology to check the paint on the picture．These checks found traces of paint dating from about 1814．Shakespeare died in 1616, and the date that appears on the portrait is 1609．

　　"We now think the portrait dates back to around 1818 to 1840．This was when there was a renewed interest in Shakespeare's plays, " Tarnya Cooper, the gallery's curator(馆长), told the Associated President．

　　The fake picture has often been used as a cover for collections of his plays．It is called the Flower portrait because one of its owners, Desmond Flower, gave it to the Royal Shakespeare Company．

　　"There have always been questions about the painting, " said David Howells, curator for the Royal Shakespeare Company．"Now we know the truth, we can put the image in its proper place in the history of Shakespearean portraiture．"

　　Two other images of Shakespeare, are also being studied as part of the investigation(调查)and the results will come out later this month．

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Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read

　　From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings．Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born．Only you have the power to make those seeds grow．

　　The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created：the human mind．Success is a choice and not a chance．You were born a winner．You were born rich．You can be a success if only you make the right choice．

　　You cannot be successful without first developing your self－esteem．Your level of self－esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life．People with low self－esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives．They are the perennial(长期的)victims and martyrs．They are leaves tossed(摇摆)by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather．

　　You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life．Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance．Successful people realize that they are responsible．

　　Everything happens as a result of something．If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect．We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe．One generally rises to the level that one expects．We are responsible for setting our expectations．Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence．

　　If you associate with positive－thinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success．On the contrary, the opposite happens．We are responsible for finding, planting, and nurturing the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks．

　　In short, in all areas of your life, whether they be financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible．Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success．

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阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　It's snowing again outside, and it's wonderful! Well, to me and a lot of children, it's wonderful．How often have you seen a child running to a window and looking at the falling snow with a big smile?

　　Now as we grow from children into adults, we often stop playing in the snow and having such fun, since we have to act the tough way instead of showing emotions(情感)like a child's joy．In the cold winter days, if you’re an adult and find yourself alone or with nothing to do, why don't you take up Bird Watching or Birding as it's often called? You basically need four items to do Bird Watching－a digital camera with a zoom(变焦镜头), a pair of binoculars(双筒望远镜), a field guide to birds in your area, and a notebook to record your sightings．When you go outside and see a bird, take a photo of it in zoom mode and listen to any sounds the bird makes．

　　When you finish bird watching for the day, and are back inside, sit down and look through the photos of the birds you took．Placing the photos on the computer makes them a lot easier to see．Record, in your notebook, all of the different species of birds you see, and any other information you want to record, like the types of sounds the birds made．You can look online for many bird watching groups to join, where you can chat and exchange photos with other bird watchers．The next time you’re finding the winter blues approaching because you have nothing to do, gather your items, head outside and do some bird watching．It's a great way to help beat the winter blues．

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阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　The first broadcast of VOA Special English was on October 19^th, 1959．VOA officials wanted a program to communicate with people learning English around the world．They wanted a way for people to get to know the language and, at the same time, learn about the United States and world events．

　　In 1959, the director of the Voice of America was Henry Loomis．In his job, he traveled around the world．He found that people of all ages wanted to learn English．He wondered if VOA could help．He asked his program manager, Barry Zorthian, to create a broadcast tool that would provide information to listeners who had a limited knowledge of English．Mr．Zorthian gathered a small team of young people to develop a list of words to be used in the broadcasts．

　　Forty－seven years ago, on October 19th, listeners heard the first Special English broadcast．Paul Parks read a ten－minute news program slowly and carefully．He read at a speed that is about one－third slower than other VOA English broadcasts．He read so that each word could be clearly understood by listeners on their shortwave radios．The sentences were short．And the words used were limited to the most common English words．Special English was an experiment．There was no model for such a broadcast in slow－speed English using simple words．Would anyone listen to such a program? Would they like it?

　　Some American experts said the broadcasts would not be successful．But foreign listeners disagreed．They thought it was excellent．In later years, Special English added both short and long feature programs to its broadcasts．Special English soon became one of the most popular programs on VOA．It still is．

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阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Have you ever played the game “Telephone” ? You sit in a circle with a group of people and one person whispers a phrase to the person next to him or her．Then, each person keeps whispering the phrase around the circle until it reaches the last person, who repeats the whispered statement out loud．What started out as "Pizza tastes great" can end up as "Pete's a great ape! " It's funny to laugh at how twisted the sentence became as it got passed around．Gossip can work the same way, but it's not so funny．In fact, it can be very hurtful．

　　When you say cruel things, tell stories that you're not sure are true, or let out information that you know is supposed to remain private, you're spreading gossip．What if you saw funny Jake go into the principal's office and you started wondering if he was in trouble．There's nothing wrong with wondering that, but what if you started telling other people you think Jake's in big trouble．You really don't know why he was in the principal's office, right?

　　But before you know it, everyone is talking about how Jake is in trouble and imagining why．Maybe he put his rubber snake in the teacher's desk, someone says．Maybe he hit a kid who didn't laugh at one of his jokes, another person suggests．Jake doesn't come back to class for a long time, but when he does, everyone wants to know what happened in the principal's office．Jake might be a little angry or confused about all the questions, especially when he explains, "I went to the principal's office because my mom was there to take me to a doctor appointment．"

　　That's how rumors work．They start small and often blow up into something different from the truth．

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阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Once I had the pleasure of traveling in France．Our tour group was made up of forty－five travelers from a variety of countries．On the bus there were three Canadian travelers besides me．

　　On the second day of the tour we were making our way to the war memorial which the French people set up for the Canadian soldiers．The guide provided a colorful and interesting commentary to give us a better understanding of what we were seeing out of the window．

　　“We are presently passing through the World War I battlefield．If you look to your right, you will see the war memorial that the people of France set up for the Canadian soldiers who fought so bravely here．Even today some of the residents from the surrounding towns place flowers on the memorial regularly．And so, my dear Canadian friends, I would like to say thank you for the selfless acts of your Canadian soldiers．”

　　Across the grassy field, the stone monument stood proud against the sky．A Canadian flag was waving softly in the breeze．Lost in the moment, I could catch sight of the sights and sounds of the war．Suddenly, an unexpected wave of emotion swept over me．I felt sad for those men who never returned home to Canada, but at the same time my heart beat with a sense of pride．Tears swelled up in my eyes．I was embarrassed at my uncontrolled emotion．As I turned around, I realized that each of my friends had experienced the same feelings, their eyes also wet with tears．We smiled at each other without speaking a word, our eyes full of understanding．

　　I traveled all the way to appreciate what it means to be Canadian．

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阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　When we talk about learning a foreign language, we often talk about different methods－if you should go to school or not and how much time is ideal to spend on the target language each day．Of course, those are interesting questions to ask, but I think they’re not as important as one thing－motivation．

　　Woody Allen once said, “80％ of success in life is showing up．” When you’re not motivated, you won't show up to learn your target language．Unfortunately, it's not possible to learn a language through osmosis(耳濡目染); you need to work, and you need to show up．It's possible to learn many things in a short amount of time, but to truly learn a language to fluency you need years of input, study and practice．

　　Ask yourself： Why do I want to learn this language? Can I actually use it? Are there enough materials to learn it from? If your answers to those questions are yes, you’re probably motivated enough to go on and learn the language you want to learn．

　　Still, take your time to decide which language you want to learn．Make a plan to learn it; don't just rush in with a dream of “speaking it one day” ．If you don't set your goals, you'll just fail．In any field of study you need to have a goal; otherwise you'll just give up and look for something else to do．

　　Methods, schools and the amount of time you put in all matter, but it's the motivation that can make or break your study．When all else fails, you need at least your motivation to get you through and continue learning．

　　Are you currently learning a language? If so, I'll give you some “homework” ．Think about why you’re learning the language．What are your long－term goals regarding your target language? Are you having fun learning it, or do you just see it as a daily chore? Sometimes it's not a shame to quit studying a language．If you are not enjoying it and have no real motivation for learning it, you'd better invest your time in another language．

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阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　I try not to be biased, but I had my doubts about hiring Stevie．His social worker assured me that he would be a good, reliable busboy．But I had never had a mentally handicapped employee．He was short, a little fat, with the smooth facial features and thick－tongued speech of Down's Syndrome(唐氏综合症)．I thought most of my customers would be uncomfortable around Stevie, so I closely watched him for the first few weeks．

　　I shouldn't have worried．After the first week, Stevie had my staff wrapped around his stubby little finger, and within a month my trucker regulars had adopted him as their official truck stop mascot．After that, I really didn't care what the rest of the customers thought of him．He was like a 21－year－old in blue jeans and Nikes, eager to laugh and eager to please, but fierce in his attention to his duties．Every salt and pepper shaker was exactly in its place, not a coffee spill was visible, when Stevie got done with the table．Our only problem was convincing him to wait to clean a table until after the customers were finished．

　　Over time, we learned that he lived with his mother, a widow who was disabled．Money was tight, and what I paid him was probably the difference between them being able to live together and Stevie being sent to a group home．

　　That's why the restaurant was a gloomy place that morning last August, the first morning in three years that Stevie missed work．He was at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester getting a heart surgery．His social worker said that people with Down's syndrome often had heart problems at an early age, and there was a good chance he would come through the surgery in good shape and be back at work in a few months．

　　A ripple of excitement ran through the staff later that morning when word came that he was out of surgery, in recovery and doing fine．Frannie, my head waitress, let out a war whoop and did a little dance in the aisle when she heard the good news．Belle Ringer, one of our regular trucker customers, stared at the sight of the 50－year－old grandmother of four doing a victory shimmy beside his table．He ginned．“OK, Frannie, what was that all about? ” he asked．

　　“We just got word that Stevie is out of surgery and going to be okay．”

　　“I was wondering where he was．I had a new joke to tell him．What was the surgery about? ”

　　Frannie quickly told Belle Ringer and the other two drivers sitting at his booth about Stevie's surgery, the sighed．“but I don't know how he and his mom are going to handle all the bills．From what I hear, they’re barely getting by as it is．”

　　Belle Ringer nodded thoughtfully, and Frannie hurried off to wait on the rest of her tables．

　　After the morning rush, Frannie walked into my office．She had a couple of paper napkins in her hand．

　　“What's up? ” I asked．

　　“I cleared off the table where Belle Ringer and his friends were sitting after they left, and I found this．This was folded and put under a coffee cup．”

　　She handed the napkin to me, and three ＄20 bills fell onto my desk when I opened it．On the outside, in big, bold letters, was printed “Something For Stevie” ．

　　That was three months ago．Today is Thanksgiving Day, the first day Stevie is supposed to be back to work．His social worker said he's been counting the days until the doctor said he could work．I arranged to have his mother bring him to work, met them in the parking lot and invited them both to celebrate his day back．I took him and his mother by their arms．“To celebrate you coming back, breakfast for you and your mother is on me．”

　　I led them toward a large corner booth at the rear of the room．I could feel and hear the rest of the staff following behind as we marched through the dining room．We stopped in front of the big table．Its surface was covered with coffee cups, saucers and dinner plates, all sitting slightly crooked on dozens of folded paper napkins．

　　“First thing you have to do, Stevie, is clean up this mess, ” I said．

　　Stevie looked at me, then pulled out one of the napkins．It had “Something for Stevie” printed on the outside．As he picked it up, two ＄10 bills fell onto the table．Stevie stared at the money, then at all the napkins peeking from beneath the tableware, each with his name printed on it．

　　I turned to his mother．“There's more ＄10, 000 in cash and checks on that table, all from truckers and trucking companies that heard about your problems．Happy Thanksgiving．”

　　Well, it got real noisy about that time, with everybody hollering and shouting, and there were a few tears, as well… but you know what's funny?

　　While everybody else was busy shaking hands and hugging each other, Stevie, with a big, big smile on his face, was busy clearing all the cups and dishes from the table…．

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