阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for cars, a study has shown．The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences．

　　Psychologists Dr Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 babies aged 9 months to 36 months．The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys．Some were typically boys' toys-a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy．The rest were girls' toys：a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set．They were placed a meter away from the toys；and could pick whichever toy they liked their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded．

　　Of the youngest children(9 to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did．Among the two and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it．The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched．There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children's choice．

　　Dr Brenda Todd said, "Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization．Boys may be given'toys that go’while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference．But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys．There could be a biological basis for their choices．Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer：moving objects, probably through hunting instincts(本能), while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby．"

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Health, Wellness and the Politics of Food

　　9∶00－9∶45a．m．Blue Tent

　　Panelists(专题讨论小组成员)：Jami Bernard, David Kamp, Marion Nestle and Peter Singer．

　　Moderated(主持)by Denise Grady, science writer for The New York Times．

　　How does what we eat not only affect our bodies, but also the world? This group of food and nutrition experts global health and food politics．

　　Sports Writing：For the Love of the Game

　　9∶50－10∶35 a．m．Blue Tent

　　Panelists：Christine Brennan, Ira Rosen, Joe Wallace and Joe Drape．

　　Moderated by William C．Rhoden, sports writer for The New York Times．

　　Whether catching that key moment of victory or defeat, or covering breaking news, sports writers are anything but audience．Listen as some of the industry's professionals discuss the special experience in reporting of sports news．

　　The Art of the Review

　　11∶15－12∶00 a．m．Green Tent

　　Panelists：John Freeman, Barry Gewen, David Orr, Celia McGee and Jennifer Schuessler．

　　Moderated by Sam Tanenhaus, editor for The New York Times Book Review．

　　How much of an effect does the book review have on book sales? Join this group of critics as they discuss the reality of book review and bestseller lists, and how they choose books for review．

　　New York Writers, New York Stories

　　3∶00－3∶45 p．m．Green Tent

　　Panelists：Cindy Adams, Richard Cohen, Ric Klass and Lauren Redniss．

　　Moderated by Clyde Haberman, columnist(专栏作家)for the City section of The New York Times．

　　Join this inspired group of New York-centric writers as they talk about why New York is a gold mine of ideas for their work．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　‘Student Voice’ is a student-run education conference discussing education in the 21st century．This event aims to gather the views and opinions of students not only in Victoria and Australia, but around the globe．On Sunday 29 July 2012 students will discuss a series of questions regarding the role of education in the 21st century．By the end of the day they will hopefully have comprehensive answers to be shared with schools around the state and maybe even the world．

　　Students from Preshill would like to invite a group of 5-10 students from your school to participate in this free forum(讨论)．The event is being held on Sunday 29 July 2012 from 10am-2.30pm at the Hawthorn Town Hall, 360 Burwood Rd, Hawthorn．They are inviting students who are enthusiastic on any of our topics of discussion to present a keynote speech on the day．

　　If you can't make the day, they welcome your written or recorded thoughts on our questions, which will be on display at the event．

The topics for discussion：

Key Question：What is the ideal 21st century education?

1．Is it a school's place to teach ethics, values, morals, confidence, self-esteem?

2．What are the effects of a uniform national curriculum(课程)?

3．How can we make education more engaging?

4．Should students be compared and ranked against each other?

5．What is the place of social networking and new media technology in education?

6．What is the best way to determine student knowledge?

Visit their Facebook page(see below)for updates, to communicate with organizers and other participants, and to indicate your interest in making a keynote speech．

The Student Voice Organizing Committee Facebook Page URL：

http：//www．facebook．com/pages/Student-Voice-The-Student-Education-Conference/101834233239391? sk=info

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Boxing games are truly widely supported by a lot of people over the world．The sport involves two people fighting with each other inside a ring with a referee making sure that the fight goes on smoothly．The fighters have to be of the same weight to be able to fight and they make use of their fists according to the rules of competition．

　　There are three ways in winning the game．First, you have to knock out the challenger．Secondly, there is the technical knockout(击倒)．This usually happens when the rival is seriously hurt and unable to carry on and defend himself．Thirdly, each boxer gets on with the fight until the last round is over and done with and the winner is judged according to the scores he gets．

　　The first boxing champion was James Figg who came from England．It was in 1719 that the word "boxing" was known．The sport then was completely different from what you are used to seeing and observing nowadays．In 1743 Jack Broughton, a boxing title holder, was responsible for coming up with the rules and regulations to make the fight more manageable．

　　Under these rules, a boxer who falls and does not fight after 30 seconds has elapsed is declared the loser and any fighter is prevented from hitting his opponent when he is already down．Broughton was also the one who created the mufflers-a kind of gloves with padding which were used during presentations and training．

　　Today, the sport has a total of 12 rounds with three minutes playing time for each round．Boxers are given a minute for them to rest or for consultation with their respective coaches．A referee has the responsibility of making sure that the boxers carry on with the fight according to the rules of the sport．The judges have the task of evaluating each fighter and give the fighter scores according to their punches(拳法)．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　Remembering names is an important social skill．Here are some ways to master it．

　　Recite and repeat in conversation．

　　When you hear a person's name, repeat it．Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips．You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial．

　　Ask the other person to recite and repeat．

　　You can let other people help you remember their names．After you’ve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you．Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names．

　　Admit you don't know．

　　Admitting that you can't remember someone's name can actually make people relaxed．Most of them will feel sympathy if you say．“I'm working to remember names better．Yours is right on the tip of my tongue．What is it again? ”

　　Use associations．

　　Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual．For example, you could make a mental note："Vicki Cheng-tall, black hair．" To reinforce(加强)your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible．

　　Limit the number of new names you learn at one time．

　　When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names．Free yourself from remembering every one．Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names．Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names．Last names can come later．

　　Go early．

　　Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes．Sometimes just a few people show up on time．That's fewer names for you to remember．And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others-an automatic review for you．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

　　His name was Fleming, and he was a poor Scottish farmer．One day, while trying to eke(补充)out a living for his family, he heard a cry for help coming from a nearby bog(沼泽地)．He dropped his tools and ran to the bog．There, mired(陷于泥坑)to his waist in black muck(淤泥)was a terrified boy, screaming and struggling to free himself．Farmer Fleming saved the lad from what could have been a slow and terrifying death．

　　The next day, a fancy carriage pulled up to the Scotsman's sparse(稀疏的)surroundings．An elegantly dressed nobleman stepped out and introduced himself as the father of the boy Farmer Fleming had saved．

　　"I want to repay you, " said the nobleman．"You saved my son's life．"

　　"No, I can't accept payment for what I did, " the Scottish farmer replied, waving off the offer．At that moment, the farmer's own son came to the door of the family hovel(茅舍)．

　　"Is that your son? " the nobleman asked．"Yes, " the farmer replied proudly．

　　"I'll make you a deal．Let me take him and give him a good education．If the lad is anything like his father, he'll grow to a man you can be proud of．"

　　And that he did．In time, Farmer Fleming's son graduated from St．Mary's Hospital Medical School in London, and went on to become known throughout the world as the noted Sir Alexander Fleming, the discoverer of Penicillin．

　　Years afterward, the nobleman's son was stricken with pneumonia(肺炎)．

　　What saved him? Penicillin．

　　The name of the nobleman? Lord Randolph Churchill．

　　His son's name? Sir Winston Churchill．

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阅读理解

　　They may be just passing your office, computer bag slung(悬挂)over one shoulder．Or they may be sitting in a car outside it, causally tapping away at a laptop．They look like innocent passers-by．In fact, they are stealing your corporate secrets．

　　Drive-by hacking is the trendy term given to the practice of breaking into wireless computer networks from outside the buildings that house them．A recent study in the UK, sponsored by RSA Data Security, found that two-thirds of organizations with wireless networks were risking their data in this way．Security experts patrolled(巡逻)several streets in the City of London seeking evidence of wireless networks in operation．

　　Of 124 that they identified, 83 were sending data without encrypting(加密)them．Such data could readily be picked up by a passer-by armed only with a portable computer, a wireless modem and a few pieces of software that can be freely downloaded from the Internet．

　　The data could include sensitive company documents containing valuable information．Or they could be e-mail identities and passwords that could be used by hackers to log into corporate networks as if they were legal users．

　　Most companies using wireless networking technology do not take even the simplest of measures to protect their data．Nearly all wireless network technology comes with some basic security features that need only to be activated(激活)in order to give a minimum level of security, for example, by encrypting the data being passed over the network．

　　Raymon Kruck, business development manager at Check Point Software, a security technology specialist, believes this could be partly a psychological problem．People see the solid walls of their building as safeguards and forget that wireless networks can extend up to 200 meters beyond physical walls．

　　Companies without any security at all on their wireless networks make it ridiculously easy for hackers to break in．Switching on the security that comes with the network technology should be automatic．Then there are other basic steps a company can take, says Mr．Kruck, such as changing the passwords on the network from the default(默认)setting．

　　Companies can also install firewalls, which form a barrier between the internal network and the public Internet．They should also check their computer records regularly to spot any abnormal activity, which might betray the presence of a hacker．

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　　With the Tesla Roadster and other plug-in(插入式)electric vehicles hitting the road，demand is growing for accessible refueling points to recharge them．Carbon Day Automotive, a Chicago-based company，has now demonstrated a solar-powered recharging point, known as the Solar Plug-In Station，which lets motorists easily charge their cars using electricity that has been produced without any environmental damage．

　　The Solar Plug-In Station has gone on show in Chicago as part of the city's bid to host the 2016 Olympic Games．According to Carbon Day Automotive，the Solar Plug-In Station on show in Chicago is part of the vital infrastructure(基础设施)required for electric vehicles in Chicago and was the focus of a recent visit by the International Olympic Committee．

　　These solar-powered electricity points will be used daily to fuel the city's electric vehicles with power from the sun．By producing the electricity from pollution-free solar cell, the CO2 emissions are reduced to zero．

　　“Solar energy and electric vehicles are a partnership that is one more step to reducing our dependence on foreign oil,” says Richard Lowenthal, CEO of Coulomb Technologies．Coulomb Technologies recently developed the components(部件)required for individual recharging stations，marketed as ChargePoint Networked Charging Stations．Carbon Day Automotive is the Midwest distributor for the ChargePoint stations．The Solar Plug-In Station consists of giant solar panels(电池板)that shade the tiny ChargePoint Networked Charging Station．The solar panel is connected to an underground battery pack，ready for everyday refueling．

　　“Without these stations it would be like driving around in a traditional car without the availability of gas stations，” says Scott Emalfarb，CEO at Carbon Day．“The day of true plug-in electric vehicles will be here sooner than most people realize and the world needs to be ready to accommodate them．”

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　　Kelly Reeves was getting ready for a trip when her phone slipped into a sink full of water．Panic moment! She quickly picked up the wet phone and tried to turn it on, but nothing worked．Her first reaction? She got dressed, drove to the nearest store, and bought a new model at full price．

　　A new study finds that fear of losing your phone is a common illness．About 66 percent of those surveyed suffer from nomophobia or “no mobile phone phobia”．Interestingly, more women worry about losing their phone than men．

　　Fortunately, there's a solution．

　　The first step is to figure out if you have nomophobia．Checking your phone too often is one thing, but the true sign of a problem is that you can't conduct business or go about your routine when the fear becomes so severe．

　　Do you go to unusual lengths to make sure you have your phone? That's another sign of a problem．If you find you check your phone plenty of times per hour, or a total of an hour per day, there may be a problem．

　　Some of the treatments are similar to those for treating anxiety attacks：Leaving the phone behind and not checking e-mail or text messages, and then learning to tolerate the after anxiety．Even if this leads to a high level of worry and stress, the solution is to push through the fear and learn to deal with not having your phone．

　　Of course, there are also technological alternatives．Luis Levy, a co-founder at Novy PR, says he uses an application called Cerberus that can automatically track the location of his phone．To find it, he can just go to a Web site and see the phone's location．

　　He also insures his phone through a service called Asurion．The company's description of its product reads like a prescription for anxiety：“60 million phones are lost, stolen or damaged each year．You'll have complete peace of mind knowing that your phone is protected and you can quickly reconnect with family, friends and work, as soon as the very next day!”

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