阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Nuclear energy has always been controversial．But since the tsunami and nuclear disaster in Fukushima(Japan)last year the issue is back in the headlines．And the world is divided-some countries are planning more nuclear plants, while others have promised to shut theirs down．

　　After Fukushima, Germany decided to switch off all its nuclear plants by 2022．Switzerland and Italy are also phasing out nuclear power．But France and the United States remain staunch supporters of atomic energy．In fact, almost 80％ of France's electricity comes from nuclear power, the highest percentage in the world．And in the US, the Obama administration said it “continues to support the expansion of nuclear power, despite the crisis in Japan．”

　　Nuclear supporters claim nuclear power can help the environment．Unlike fossil fuels, nuclear power doesn't create greenhouse gases．So, pro-nuclear countries argue that nuclear power allows them to generate energy without contributing to climate change．Britain's chief scientific adviser(John Beddington)supports this view．He recently said that the world doesn't have the luxury of ignoring nuclear energy．

　　Nuclear power is also relatively cheap．Renewable energy sources such as solar, hydro and wind power may be clean, but they’re expensive; and right now, they require a lot of investment．This higher cost of using “green energy” is usually passed onto the consumer．So, while many people may prefer their energy to come from a renewable source, not so many are prepared to pay higher energy bills．This is of particular concern while the world economy is in such bad shape．

　　The main argument against nuclear energy is that it isn't safe．For a start, nuclear waste is very difficult to dispose of, and remains toxic to humans for thousands of years．And even before Fukushima, there were several high-profile nuclear disasters．The most famous is probably the 1986 Chernobyl disaster, in the Ukraine．The radiation from the meltdown spread all over Europe, affecting thousands．

　　The nuclear energy issue is very complex．And it doesn't look like it'll be resolved anytime soon．As a Japanese commentator recently said, “it's been a bad year for the ‘nuclear village’, but I don't think they’re down and out yet．” The battle continues．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Authorities will continue to take a hard line on Internet-based rumors and punish those creating fake information, a senior official said on Thursday．

　　Authorities have removed more than 210, 000 online posts and shut down 42 websites since mid-March in their latest crackdown on online rumors, said Liu Zhengrong, a senior official with the State Internet Information Office．

　　Fake information or rumors spread through the Internet, especially on micro blogs, have harmed social order and residents’ daily lives, he said at a news briefing in Beijing．

　　Before the crackdown, six people who allegedly fabricated(伪造)rumors about “military vehicles entering Beijing” had been detained and 16 websites closed for disseminating fake online information, according to police authorities．

　　“What we’ve done and will do is to make sure residents can know what they want to know, say what they think and supervise our management in a reliable and useful network environment, ” Liu said．

　　Liu disagreed that the Internet can police itself against rumors, and told China Daily that some netizens can't distinguish truth from fiction, “requiring government departments and website companies to take measures”．

　　On Monday, the Internet Society of China posted a proposal calling on Internet companies and websites to strengthen self-discipline and prevent the spread of online rumors．

　　In response, three main Internet companies in the country-Sina, Baidu and Tencent-said they will target fake information with advanced technology and invest in manpower to supervise online information．

　　Zhao Zhiguo, deputy director of the Telecommunications Administration under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said stricter self-management of websites will help banish online rumors．

　　“Internet companies should take legal responsibility when operating their websites．They should not become a hotbed for rumors and provide opportunities for fake information, ” Zhao said, adding they will launch similar crackdowns to close illegal website companies and punish those responsible．

　　Currently, people who make or spread rumors related to terrorism and securities trading, or information affecting State security and companies’ commercial reputations, will face criminal punishment．

　　Liu Honghui, a Beijing lawyer specializing in online cases, said he welcomed the government's action to curb online rumors．

　　“Residents used online banks to shop or book flights, which needs a safe platform without fake information, ” he said．

　　Yu Guofu, another lawyer from Sheng Feng Law Firm, said the key to reducing rumors is netizens themselves．

　　“If micro-bloggers think twice before forwarding information, rumors will decrease．”

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Cancer is feared by everyone．And there is more and more fear about cancer．Not the disease itself-there is no such thing as a high incidence rates(发病率)of cancer．Except for lung cancer, mostly caused by cigarette smoking, the incidence rates are not on the rise．However, some kinds of cancer are decreasing．But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety．The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen(致癌物)．The ordinary, more or less, scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are due to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until the whole environment is “cleaned up．” This is not at all the meaning．

　　The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world-for example, the high incidence of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America．These data show there may be specific environmental influences, but largely based on personal life-style, which determines the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities-that is all the data suggest．The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same everywhere．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　It is common and usual to see people freak out when they face challenges in their life．We all pass in different life problems and challenges．No one is free of life problems．Only a dead man faces no problem．As long as you are alive, challenges are everywhere．

　　How do you face problems and challenges in your life? Problems and challenges are the building blocks of your personality．They make you who you are．Besides, whether what happened in your life builds or destructs you depends on how you look at it．If you take your problems as troubles, they will be troubles and may cause destruction．If you take them as constructive tools, you are going to be built up on them．

　　Problems are everywhere．No one can avoid them．And they are good too．They open up a different look and opportunity if you are willing to see．When you face troubles, do not frustrate or freak out．Just cool yourself to think in a different direction．Think in a positive way．Every problem has its own good as well as bad sides．Focus on the good one．Look at the bright side．

　　Besides, there is always a good person, perhaps your mom or dad, or one of your friends, right beside you who can turn everything into your best if you are willing to turn to them．No matter what happens, they will be there to help you．Trust them and they will never let you down．All you need to know is that you are loved wherever you are．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear．

　　Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed．Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation．

　　Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said： "Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart．"

　　The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces．Dr Garfinkel said, "The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed．Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don't see-and guide whether we see fear．"

　　To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person's feeling of fear．

　　"We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain 'speak'to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear, " Dr Garfinkel said．

　　"We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder．"

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Home to me means a sense of familiarity and nostalgia(怀旧)．It's fun to come home．It looks the same．It smells the same．You'll realize what's changed is you．Home is where we ran remember pain, live, and some other experiences; We parted here; My parents met here; I won three championships here．

　　If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home．I walk in the door and see a brown sofa surrounding a low glass-top wooden table．To the right of the living room is my first bedroom．It's empty, but it's where my earliest memories are．

　　There is the dining room table where I celebrated birthdays, and where I cried on Halloween-when I didn't want to wear the skirt my mother made for me．I always liked standing on that table because it made me feel tall and strong．If I sit at this table, I can see my favorite room in the house, my parents' room．It is simple： a brown wooden dresser lines the right side of the wall next to a television and a couple of photos of my grandparents on each side．Their bed is my safe zone．I can jump on it anytime-waking up my parents if I am scared or if I have an important announcement that cannot wait until the morning．

　　I'm lucky because I know my first home still exists．It exists in my mind and heart, on a physical property(住宅)on West 64th street on the western edge of Los Angeles．It is proof I lived, I grew and I learned．

　　Sometimes when I feel lost, I lie down and shut my eyes, and I go home．I know it's where I'll find my family, my dogs, and my belongings．I purposely leave the window open at night because I know I'll be blamed by Mom．But I don't mind, because I want to hear her say my name, which reminds me I'm home．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　LONDON-A British judge on Thursday sentenced a businessman who sold fake(假冒的)bomb detectors(探测器)to 10 years in prison, saying the man hadn't cared about potentially deadly consequences．

　　It is believed that James McCormick got about ＄77.8 million from the sales of his detectors-which were based on a kind of golf ball finder-to countries including Iraq, Belgium and Saudi Arabia．

　　McCormick, 57, was convicted(判罪)of cheats last month and sentenced Thursday at the Old Bailey court in London．

　　"Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit promoted a false sense of security and in all probability materially contributed to causing death and injury to innocent people, " Judge Richard Hone told McCormick．"you have neither regret, nor shame, nor any sense of guilt．"

　　The detectors, sold for up to ＄42, 000 each, were said to be able to find such dangerous objects as bombs under water and from the air．But in fact they "lacked any grounding in science" and were of no use．

　　McCormick had told the court that he sold his detectors to the police in Kenya, the prison service in Hong Kong, the army in Egypt and the border control in Thailand．

　　"I never had any had results from customers, " he said．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　On a sunny day last August, Tim heard some shouting．Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat were being pulled out to sea．

　　Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football．Once they'd rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water．The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore．But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control．

　　Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves．

　　"Everything went quiet in my head, " Tim recalls(回忆)．"I was trying to figure out how to swim to the boys in a straight line．"

　　Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water．Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress．"At one point, I considered turning back, " he says．"I wondered if I was putting my life at risk．" After 30 minutes of struggling, he was close enough to yell to the boys, "Take down the umbrella! "

　　Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella．Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat．He took over rowing, but the waves were almost too strong for him．

　　"Let's aim for the pier(码头), " Jack said．Tim turned the boat toward it．Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink．"Can you guys swim? " he cried．"A little bit, " the boys said．

　　Once the were in the water, Tim decided it would he safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier．Christian and Jack were wearing life jackets and floated on their backs．Tim swan toward land as water washed over the boys' faces．

　　“Are we almost there? " they asked again and again．"Yes, " Tim told them each time．

　　After 30minutes, they reached the pier．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

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请阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather．Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr．Johnson's famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather．” Though Johnson's observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak．

　　Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood．He argues that”To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it．” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles．

　　Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive．Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena．”The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty．” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider．

　　Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather-speak among the English．Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point．The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all．English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other．Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data．Rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank”fillers”, In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding．

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