Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．

　　A team of engineers at Harvard University has been inspired by Nature to create the first robotic fly．The mechanical fly has become a platform for a series of new high-tech integrated systems．Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly．Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks．

　　“It's extremely important for us to think about this as a whole system and not just the sum of a bunch of individual components(元件), ” said Robert Wood, the Harvard engineering professor who has been working on the robotic fly project for over a decade．A few years ago, his team got the go-ahead to start piecing together the components．“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of those components are off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own, ” he said．

　　They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly．“The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has a number of interdependencies on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to, ” said Wood．The flight device was built into a set of power, computation, sensing and control systems．Wood says the success of the project proves that the flying robot with these tiny components can be built and manufactured．

　　While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield．“Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around, ” he said．

　　Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale．Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications．“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead, ” he said．“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day to day basis．”(392 words)

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Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．

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Directions：Read the following three passages．Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．

　　For some people, music is no fun at all．About four percent of the population is what scientists call “amusic．” People who are amusic are born without the ability to recognize or reproduce musical notes(音调)．Amusic people often cannot tell the difference between two songs．Amusics can only hear the difference between two notes if they are very far apart on the musical scale．

　　As a result, songs sound like noise to an amusic．Many amusics compare the sound of music to pieces of metal hitting each other．Life can be hard for amusics．Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others．It can be difficult for other people to identify with their condition．In fact, most people cannot begin to grasp what it feels like to be amusic．Just going to a restaurant or a shopping mall can be uncomfortable or even painful．That is why many amusics intentionally stay away from places where there is music．However, this can result in withdrawal and social isolation．“I used to hate parties, ” says Margaret, a seventy-year-old woman who only recently discovered that she was amusic．By studying people like Margaret, scientists are finally learning how to identify this unusual condition．

　　Scientists say that the brains of amusics are different from the brains of people who can appreciate music．The difference is complex, and it doesn't involve defective hearing．Amusics can understand other nonmusical sounds well．They also have no problems understanding ordinary speech．Scientists compare amusics to people who just can't see certain colors．

　　Many amusics are happy when their condition is finally diagnosed(诊断)．For years, Margaret felt embarrassed about her problem with music．Now she knows that she is not alone．There is a name for her condition．That makes it easier for her to explain．“When people invite me to a concert, I just say, ‘No thanks, I'm amusic, ’” says Margaret．“I just wish I had learned to say that when I was seventeen and not seventy．”(335 words)

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　　While Jennifer was at hose taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor(监控器)a few hundred miles away was watching her every move．

　　Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer's Los Angeles apartment , the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved form the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room．Her Internet access was locked －remotely－to prevent Internet searches , and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was：Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?

　　In the battle against cheating , this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education．The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general．Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid－that students haven't just searched the Internet to get the right answers．

　　Although online classes have existed for more than a decade ，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of "open online courses．" Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field．spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance．

　　Aside from the web cameras, a number of other high-tech methods are becoming increasingly popular Among them are programs that check students' identities using personal information, such as the telephone number they once used．

　　Other programs can produce unique exam by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test question are answered at the same speed as easy ones ,As in many university classes ,term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating．

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　　One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office．It was David．He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly．His head teacher had referred him to me．"This boy has lost his family," he wrote．"He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him．Can you help?”

　　I looked at David and showed him to a chair．How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn't have the answer to, and which no words can describe．Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically

　　The first two times we met, David didn't say a word．He sat there, only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me．I suggested we play a game of chess．He nodded．After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon－in complete silence and without looking at me．It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice．

　　Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed．took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down．It seemed as if he enjoyed my company．But why did he never look at me?

　　"Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with," I thought．"Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering．”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly．

　　"Ifs your turn," he said．

　　After that day, David started talking．He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club．He wrote to me a few times．about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university．Now he had really started to live his own life．

　　Maybe I gave David something．But I also learned that one－without any words－can reach out to another person．All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens．

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　　Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck．I'm not going to say luck, talent, and circumstances don't come into play because they do．some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and that's just the reality of how life is．

　　However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical．And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practicing．To become great at certain things, it'll require even more time, time that most people won't put in．

　　This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love．If you don't enjoy what you do ,it is going for feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it．

　　When you see people exhibiting some great skills or having achieved great success, you know that they have put in a huge part of their life to get there at a huge cost．It's sometimes easy to think they got lucky or they were born with some rare talent, but thinking that way does you no good, and there's a huge chance that you're wrong anyway．

　　Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time．If you're not willing to put in the time and work, don't expect to receive any rewards．Consistent, hard work won't guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is you put all that work into．

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　　Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear．Children know this very well．Fred Epstein, in his book If I Make It to Five, tells a story he heard from one of friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone．He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination．

　　Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes ,Dr Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led．

　　The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid．”Maybe I could go as Superman ,”he whispered to his mom．Hearing this, the mother hesitated for a while．She had avoided buying the expensive costume(戏装)，不痛finally she agreed．

　　The next day Tom appeared as the powerful Superman, showing off through the hospital halls and coolly waving his hand to the people greeting him along the way．And Tom, with the strength of his fantasy, successfully made it through the operation．

　　The power of imagination need not be reserved for children only．we all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible, to go through those things that seem impossible, and to achieve what we never believed we could, Just as Dr．Epstein puts it, ”If you can dream it, you can do it”

　　It doesn't mean that you should dress as a superhero for you next job interview．But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it．Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first．So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream．

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　　Argentina in the late nineteenth century was an exciting place．Around 1870,it was experiencing an economic(经济的)boom, and the capital, Buenos Aires, attracted many people．Farmers, as well as a flood of foreigners from Spain and Italy, came to Buenos Aires seeking jobs．These jobs didn't pay well, and the people felt lonely and disappointed with their new life in the city．As the unhappy newcomers mixed together in the poor parts of the city, the dance known an the tango(探戈舞)came into being．

　　At the beginning the tango was a dance of the lower classes．It was danced in the bars and streets．At that time there many fewer women the men, so if a man didn't want to be left out, his only choice was to dance with another man so that he could attract the attention of the few available women．Gradually, the dance spread into the upper classes of Argentinean society and became more respectable．

　　In Europe at this time, strong interest in dance from around the world was beginning．The interest in international dance was especially evident in Paris．Every kind of dance from ballet(芭蕾舞)to belly dancing could be found on the stages of the Paris theaters of the Paris theaters．After tango dances from Argentina arrive in Europe, they began to draw the interest of the public an they performed their exiting dance in cafes, Though not everyone approved of the new dance, saying it was a little too shocking, the dance did find enough supporters to make it popular．

　　The popularity(流行)Of the tango continued to grow in many other parts of the world．Soldiers who returned to the United States from World War I brought the tango to North America．It reached Japan in 1926,and in 2003 the Argentinean embassy in Seoul hired a local tango dancer to act an a kind of dance ambassador, and promote tango dancing throughout South Korea．

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　　“People are ruder today because they are rushed and more ‘time poor' than ever before,” says Patsy Rowe, “ Manners have fallen off the radar(雷达)．” Due to our strong attraction to electronic equipment it is a wonder more people don't wake up each morning and greet the singing birds with a complaint(抱怨)about the noise．Here are some examples of rudeness．

　　Some people prefer to do almost everything over the internet．To them, dealing with an actual human is like an evolutionary step backward．It feels very slow because humans don^'t work at 4G speeds．When you have dinner with friends, you will often notice someone paying more attention to his mobile phone．We have programmed ourselves to think that every new message brings life-changing news, so taking calls and checking our texts are more important than talking to the people we are with．What is worse, some people even tend to send anonymous(匿名的)rude messages by email．

　　However, rudeness is never acceptable, Don^'t assume it is OK to be rude if the person you^'re in touch with won^'t recognize you．If you have something awful to say, have the courage to face the person and say it, write a letter or email and sign it, or forget it．Upsetting people with unsigned messages is cruel and disgusting．

　　We shouldn^'t blame technology for our shortcomings．Technology is here to help us, but we should not allow it to take over our lives．An important step ia acknowledging our shortcomings．People spend a lot of time pointing out bad manners but it would be even more help if we′d publicly acknowledge good manners when we see them．

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　　When 19-year-old Sophia Giorgi said she was thinking of volunteering to help the Make-A-Wish Foundation(基金会)，nobody understood what she was talking about．But Sophia knew just how important Make－A－Wish could be because this special organization had helped to make a dream come true for one her best friends．We were interested in finding out more ,so we went along to meet Sophia listen to what she had to say．

　　Sophia told us that Make－A－Wish is a worldwide organization that started in the United States in 1980．”It's a charity(慈善机构)that helps children who have got very serious illnesses．Make－A－Wish help children feel happy even though they are sick, by making their wishes and dreams come true ,” Sophia explained．

　　We asked Sophia how Make－A－Wish had first started．She said it had all begun with a very sick young boy called Chris ,who had been dreaming for a long time of becoming a policeman．Sophia said lots of people had wanted to find a way to make Chris's dream come true－so, with everybody's help , Chris, only seven years old at the time ,had been a “policeman” for a day．” When people saw how delighted Chris was when his dream came true, they decided to try and help other sick children too, and that was the beginning of Make－A－Wish,” explained Sophia

　　Sophia also told us the Foundation tries to give children and their families a special, happy time．A Make-A-Wish volunteer visits the families and asks the children what they would wish for if they could have anything in the world．Sophia said the volunteers were important because they were the ones who helped to make the wishes come true．They do this either by providing things that are necessary, or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can．

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