阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

　　The bicycling craze came in when we were just about at the right age to enjoy it．At first even“safety”bicycles were too dangerous and improper for ladies to ride, and they had to have tricycles．My mother had(I believe)the first female tricycle in Cambridge；and l had a little one，and we used to go out for family rides，all together；my father in front on a bicycle．and my poor brather Charles standing miserable on the bar behind lny mother．I found it very hard work．pounding(轰隆隆行进)away on my hard tyres；a glorious，but not a pleasurable pastinle．

　　Then, one day at lunch, my father said he had just seen a new kind of tyre，filled up,with air，and he thought it might be a success．And soon after that everyone had bicycles，ladies and all; and bicycling became the smart thing，and the lords and ladies had their pictures in fhe papers，riding along in the park，in straw hats．

　　My mother must have fallen off her bicycle ptetty often，for I remember seeing the most appalling cuts and bruises(青肿)on her legs．But she never complained，and always kept these accidents to herself．However，the great Mrs．Phillips，our cook,always knew all a hout them；as indeed she knew practically everything that ever happened．She used to draw us into the servants' hall to tell us privately：“Her Ladyship had a nasty fall yesterday；she cut both her knees and sprained her wrist．But don't Iet her know I told you．”So we never dared say anything．Similar little accidents used to occur when，at the age of nearly Seventy，she insisted on learning to drive a car．She never mastered the art of reversing(倒车)，and was in every way an unconventional and terrifying driver．Mrs．Phillips used then to tell us：“Her Ladyship ran into the back of a milk-cart yesterday；but it wasn't much hurt”；or“A policeman stopped her Ladyship because she was on the wrong side of the road；but she said she didn't know what the white Line on the road meant，so he explained arld Let her go on．”Mrs．Phillips must have had an excellent Intelligence Service at her command，for the stories were always true enough．

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　　The Intel Science Talent Search is the top science competition for high school students in the US．The 40 finalists were honored in Washington last week．They met with scientists and politicians．President Obama welcomed them to the White House．

　　These 40 students were selected from almost 2,000 contestants nationwide．They had to present original research to be judged by professional scientists．The students showed their research projects on large posters．The winners were announced on March 15^th, 2011．

　　Wendy Hawkins is executive director of the Intel Foundation, who says the 40 finalists represented excellence across many areas of science．

　　Selena Li is from Fair Oaks, California．She wanted to find a more effective treatment for liver cancer．She began her research four years ago．A scientist at the University of California, Davis, taught her how to design and do experimental work in the laboratory．Ms．Li placed 5th in the Intel Science Talent Search and was awarded 30,000 dollars．

　　Scott Boisvert lives near Phoenix, Arizona．He began using a laboratory at the University of Arizona at the age of 14．Over four years, he completed a project studying a fungus(真菌)linked to the decrease in amphibians(两栖动物)around the world．He was trying to find out if different chemicals and substances in the water could kill the fungus．He collected and tested water samples across Arizona．He says, “My results were able to identify a list of chemicals that were significant in the growth and in the movement of the fungus．” He placed10 th in the Intel competition and was awarded 20,000 dollars．

　　Evan O'Dorney of Danville, California, won the top award of 100,000 dollars in this year's Intel Science Talent Search．For his mathematical project, he compared two ways to estimate the square root of an integer(整数), a number with no fractional parts．

　　Wendy Hawkins at the Intel Foundation says these young people represent the next generation of scientists who will help shape America's future．

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　　Visitors can find a small, old house called the O．Henry Museum in central Austin, Texas．William Sydney Porter(1862-1910)－better known as O．Henry, was one of America's best loved writers of short stories．Beginning in 1893, he lived here．It was saved from destruction, moved, and turned into a museum in 1934．The museum is a good way to learn about the interesting life of him．

　　William Porter rented this house and live with his wife and daughter for about two years．Many objects in the museum belonged to the Porters．Others did not, but are in the house to recreate the way it looked during their lifetime．

　　Porter worked at a pharmacy, farm, land office and bank．He also loved words and writing．The museum has special proof of Porter's love of language－his dictionary．It's said that he read every word in it．Porter started a small publication called “The Rolling Stone”．He wasn't being published early on, so he published himself．His funny stories, poems, and drawings were published in the magazine．But it was too costly to continue for long, so he closed the project after about one year．

　　Other troubles would lead the Porters to leave Austin．Porter was accused of financial wrongdoing at the bank and lost his job．Fearing a trial, he fled the country．But he returned because his wife was dying．After her death, he faced trial and was found guilty．He served three and a half years in a federal prison in Ohio．

　　Porter would keep his time in prison a secret．But there was one good thing about it．It provided him with time to write．By the time of his release, he had published 14 stories and was becoming well-known as O．Henry．

　　Porter would later move to New York City and find great success there．He published over 380 stories in the last eight years of his life．

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　　Many reasons can explain why football is so popular．All around the world, millions play the sport and many more like to watch it．Some would say that the simplicity of the game is the main reason for its popularity, but that can't be true as, this way, marathons or races would be the most popular sports in the world．In fact, the most popular sport in the world is football．

　　The main reason for the popularity of any sport is the room for creativity inside the sport．Foodball has plenty of room for creativity as it enables players to use their bodies in unique ways to get hold of the ball and score while at the same time keeping the other team from scoring．In addition to this, the rules ensure that the game is clean and fair, thus encouraging new players to play it．

　　Another reason is that this game doesn't require expensive equipment．All the kids in poor developing countries like playing it as all they need to play it is a ball and an empty playground, and that would ensure a quality time for a group of kids who want to enjoy their time．The Federation International de Football Association(FTFA)knows this fact and is always trying to keep the rules and regulations applicable for poorer countries．

　　For fans of the sport, it is very entertaining to watch the skills and talents of the players in professional matches．The outcome of a match can easily change in the dying moments of a game．Some matches are even better than watching a thriller, because you really have no idea what the result of the match will be．

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　　Many businesses today use conferences as a means of discussing new plans of the company．As people are paying more attention to the environment and green problems, more businesses are looking for ways to reduce their negative effect on the environment．Many businesses do this by using Web conferencing．

　　Web conferencing is a technology that allows people to communicate more effectively over the Internet．It's an easy way of hosting and attending conferences without having to leave the office．Each of the people involved in a Web conference will be posted an invitation to the conference with the time and date of the Web conference on it．When the conference is ready to begin, all participants(参与者)must sit at their computers and they will be connected over the Internet．

　　With Web conferencing all participants attend conference from the comfort of their own desks．Obviously, in doing this no fuel is used in traveling to and from a conference, and less work is taken up in attending a conference．

　　Any material to be used during Web conference is simply e-mailed to all the participants before the conference．Participants can then either choose to print material or read it on screen．This not only saves paper but also greatly reduces mailing costs for the business．

　　As a conference hall or business center isn't being used, it means that the only power that is used is the power that is used by the participants' personal computers．Similarly, conference organizers don't have to arrange for food or overnight accommodation．All this means that less energy is used．

　　Often in business some companies actively choose to do business with other companies that do many things to reduce their negative impact on the environment．And Web conferencing helps you show other businesses that you are willing to work hard for the green cause．

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　　A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work for you．Eating the right kind of food is very important．It can help your body grow strong, so take care of what you eat．

　　There are four main food groups altogether．The dairy group(乳制品)has food like milk, cheese and sour milk．The other three groups are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group．Each meal should have at least one food from all four main groups．With all these food together, you will be given enough energy during the day．

　　It is easy to get into bad eating habits．You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time．Or you may not have time for a good lunch．It may seem easy to finish your supper with fish and chips all the time．But you will find yourself tired in these days and you can not think quickly．

　　Watching what you eat will help keep your body healthy and strong．It is also good to take some exercise．It will help you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air．Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health．

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　　Many people all over the world speak English as their second language and it is not too much to say that it has become an international language．

　　Studying English can make life fun．It enables you to watch American movies, read English books and listen to English songs．Moreover, as English is an international language, you will be able to communicate with foreigners when you are on a trip abroad．Traveling will be more interesting that way．

　　It is a good idea to make friends with foreigners．In my opinion, it is the best way to improve your English．In addition, it will bring you a lot of fun and expand your view of the world．If you make friends with a native speaker, you can practice your spoken English more often, and then you can communicate with people around the world．You can also become familiar with the customs and habits of different cultures．

　　There are some people who are afraid to make friends with foreigners, because they are not confident about their English．However, many foreigners do not care about grammar．They will get your key words in the sentence and know the whole meaning．Therefore, it is unnecessary to be afraid; just go ahead．

　　In brief, English is so useful to us that we should all learn it．

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　　Modern life is impossible without traveling．The fastest way to travel is by air．With a modern plane you can travel in one day to places which took a month or more one hundred years ago．

　　Traveling by train is slower than by air, but it has its advantages．You can see the country you are traveling in．Modern trains have comfortable seats and dining cars．They make even the longest journey enjoyable．

　　Some people prefer to travel by sea when it is possible．There are large liners and river boats with which you can visit many other countries and different places．Traveling by sea is a very pleasant way to spend a holiday．

　　Many people like to travel by car．You can make your own timetable．You can travel three or four hundred miles or only fifty miles a day, just as you like．You can stop wherever you wish：where there is something interesting to see, at a good restaurant where you can enjoy a good meal, or a hotel to spend the night．That is why traveling by car is popular for pleasure trips, while people usually take a train or a plane when they are traveling on business．

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　　Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don't give friendship back．That is why some friendships do not last very long．To have a friend, you must learn to be one．You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend treat you．Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules．Be honest; be generous; be understanding．

　　Honesty is where a good friendship starts．Friends must be able to trust one another．If you do not tell the truth, people usually find it out．If a friend finds out that you haven't been honest, you may lose your friends' trust．Good friends always believe in one another as they always speak and act honestly．

　　Generosity means sharing, which makes a friendship grow．People do not have to give lunch money for clothes, of course．Instead you have to learn how to share things you enjoy, like your hobbies and your interest．Then, naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings．These can be very valuable to a friend．They tell your friend what is important to you．By sharing them, you help your friend know you better．

　　Sooner or later, every one needs understanding and help with a problem．Something may go wrong at school．Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve．Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem．So to be a friend you must listen and understand．You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better．

　　No two friendships are ever exactly alike．But all true friendships have three things in common．If you plan to keep your friends, you must practice honesty, generosity, and understanding．

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　　George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it．He makes his case in a new book．Listening for meaning in a World of Noise．Here he explain himself(using his voice);

　　“We've become so accustomed to noise, there's almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial, if you tell someone to be quiet ,you sound like an old man．But it's never been important to find continuing quiet．Silence focuses us, improves our health, and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction．”

　　“We need to excite people about the sounds you start to hear, if you merely quiet things down a little．During a Japanese tea ceremony ,the smallest sounds become a kind of art the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono(和服)brushing against the floor．

　　“Deaf people are very attentive(专注的)in almost every aspect of life．If two deaf people are walking together, using sign language, they constantly watch out for each other and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other．They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings．Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them．If we remove the powerful blasts(一阵阵)of noise．we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us-of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps, of bind songs and ice cracking(开裂声)．It's astonishing how beautiful things sound when you can really listen．．”

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