阅读理解，阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Kalle Lasn was in a supermarket parking lot one afternoon when he had an experience that changed his life．In order to shop at the store, he needed to put money into the shopping cart to use it．Annoyed that he had to "pay to shop, " Lasn jammed the coin into the cart so that it wouldn't work．It was an act of rebellion-the first of many-for Lasn．

　　Born in Estonia, Kalle Lasn moved to Australia as a young man and then later to Japan, where he founded a marketing research firm in Tokyo．Eventually, Lasn moved to Canada and for several years produced documentaries(纪录片)for public television．In the late 1980s, Lasn made an advertisement that spoke out against the logging industry and the deforestation going on in the Pacific Northwest．When he tried to show his ad on TV, though, no station in this area would give him airtime．In response, Lasn and a colleague founded Adbusters Media Foundation, a company for the "Human right to communicate．

　　Adbusters produces magazine, newspaper, and TV ads with a social message．Many use humor and irony to make their points：In one, for example, a man chain smokes a brand of cigarettes called "Hope"．In another, a child is dressed in an outfit used in fast-food ads．Next to the child is a note from its mother telling the restaurant to leave her child alone．

　　Adbusters also has a magazine and a web site, the Culture Jammers Network, whose members include students, artists, and activists as well as educators and businesspeople interested in social change．Many of these "culture jammers" are working to raise awareness about different social issues by hosting events like "Buy Nothing Day", " No Car Day" and "TV Tumdif Week"．Lasn and his partners hope these events will encourage people to think about questions such as;

　　·What kinds of things are we being encouraged to buy by the media?

　　·Should cars be our primary means of transportation?

　　·How are television and radio being used now? How could we be using them?

　　Some culture jammers are using other methods to challenge how people think．Some pretend to be shoppers．They move items in stores from one shelf to another making it difficult for people to find things easily．Other culture jammers break into large company well sites and jam them so that they become unusable．The goal in both cases ia to prevent "Business as usual" and to gel people to ask themselves questions such as "Why am I shopping here? " or "Why should I buy this product? "

　　Lasn and members of the Culture Jammers Network want to make people aware of social issues, but they also believe it's important to think of solutions, too．"A lot of people tell you everything that's wrong but they never say much about how to fix these problems, " says Lasn．"But there is plenty we can do．If you start despairing, you have lost everything．"

　　Though many TV stations still won't show Adbusters' " uncommercials", some cable TV stations have started to．People all over the world have joined the Culture Jammers Network and are doing their part to promote social change．

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阅读理解，阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　A few months ago as I wandered through my parents’ house, the same house I grew up in, I had a sudden, scary realization．When my parents bought the house, in 1982, they were only two years older than I am now．I tried to imagine myself in two years, ready to settle down and buy the house I'd still be living in almost 30 years later．

　　It seemed ridiculous．On a practical level, there's no way I could afford to buy a house anytime soon．More importantly, I wouldn't want to．I'm not sure where I'll be living in two years, or what kind of job I'll have．And I don't think I'll be ready to settle down and stay in one place．

　　So this is probably the generation gap that divides my friends and me from our parents．When our parents were our age, they'd gotten their education, chosen a career, and were starting to settle into responsible adult lives．

　　My friends and I-“Generation Y”-still aren't sure what we want to do with our lives．Whatever we end up doing, we want to make sure we’re happy doing it．We'd rather take risks first, try out different jobs, and move from one city to another until we find our favorite place．We'd rather spend our money on travel than put it in a savings account．

　　This casual attitude toward responsibility has caused some critics to call my generation “arrogant”, “impatient”, and “overprotected”．Some of these complaints have a point．As children we were encouraged to succeed in school, but also to have fun．We grew up in a world full of technological innovation：cellphones, the Internet, instant messaging, and video games．

　　Our parents looked to rise vertically(垂直的)-starting at the bottom of the ladder and slowly making their way to the top, on the same track, often for the same company．That doesn't apply to my generation．

　　Because of that, it may take us longer than our parents to arrive at responsible, stable adulthood．But that's not necessarily a bad thing．In our desire to find satisfaction, we will work harder, strive for ways to keep life interesting, and gain a broader set of experiences and knowledge than our parents’ generation did．

　　By Ariel Lewiton

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Reading comprehension：

　　Have you ever dreamed of visiting a planet in the Milky Way(银河系)? While the trip sounds exciting, it would take years and years to reach your destination．So in the future, bedtime for astronauts may be more than a few hours of regular shut eye．They would have to sleep for years．

　　European researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments．The study may help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the years it would take for a spaceflight to distant planets．"If there was an effective technology, it could make deep space travel a reality, " said Mark Ayre of the European Space Agency last month．

　　What seems like a science fiction is not completely unlikely．Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep like state where they don’ t age．They have now moved on to the small, non hibernating mammals(哺乳动物)like rats．

　　A major challenge is the fact that cells can be very simple systems, whereas body organs are far more complex(复杂的)．"It's like moving from a simple Apple computer to a supercomputer, " said Marco Biggiogera, a hibernation researcher at Italy's University of Pavia．Just like bears and frogs, the hibernation of human beings would cause a person's metabolism(新陈代谢)to lower so they would need less energy．

　　Medical research, however, is just half of a spaceflight hibernation system．There is a challenge of designing a suitable protective shelter(栖身所)．Such a shelter would provide the proper environment for hibernation, such as the proper temperature．It would also have to monitor(监控)life functions and serve the physiological needs of the hibernator．

　　According to Ayre, the six person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission(使命)to Jupiter's moon(木星的卫星)Callisto, could be an opportunity to use human hibernation．The mission aims to send six persons on a five year flight to Callisto, where they will spend 30 days, in 2045．

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Reading comprehension：

　　Stress brought on by a variety of social conditions raises the risk of child abuse(虐待)within a family．These conditions include unemployment, illness, poor housing conditions, a larger-than-average family size, the presence of a new baby or a disabled person in the home, and the death of a family member．A large majority of reported cases of child abuse come from families living in poverty．Child abuse also occurs in middle-class and wealthy families, but it is better reported among the poor for several reasons．Wealthier families have an easier time hiding abuse because they have less contact with social agencies than poor families．In addition, social workers, physicians, and others who report abuse take it for granted that children from poor families are victims of abuse more often than children from rich families．

　　Alcohol and drug use, common among abusive parents, may make the situation worse and stimulate violent behavior．Certain characteristics of children, such as mental illness or physical or developmental disabilities, can also increase the stress of parenting and the risk of abuse．

　　In the United States many types of social programs, usually at the county or state levels, have attempted to reduce and prevent child abuse．Current ways involve identifying high-risk parents-such as young, single, first-time mothers-and providing parental skills training, counseling, education, and social support．Often trained social workers or nurses provide this support by visiting the family's home on a regular basis, encouraging community contact, and expanding the caretaker's knowledge about available social services．

　　However, many prevention and treatment programs may not reduce the incidence of child abuse significantly．Studies indicate that the more intervention(干涉)services a family receives, the more abuse occurs in the family．Intensive family preservation programs, for example, provide short-term relief, but they do not seem to reduce ill treatment of children, especially in the homes providing parental care to the children not related through blood ties．

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Reading comprehension：

　　Ý executives主管　cuisine烹调

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Reading comprehension：

　　Modern man has cleared the forests for farmland and for wood, and has also carelessly burned them．More than that, though, he has also interfered(干涉)with the invisible bonds between the living things in the forests．There are many examples of this kind of destruction．The harmfulness of man's interference can be seen in what happened many years ago in the forest of the Kaibab plateau(凯亚巴布高原)of northern Arizona．Man tried to improve on the natural web of forest life and destroyed it instead．

　　The Kaibab had a storybook forest of large sized pine, Douglas fir, white fir, blue and Engelmann spruce．In 1882 a visitor noted, "We, who．．．have wandered through its forests and parks, have come to regard it as the most enchanting region it has ever been our privilege(特权)to visit．“This was also the living place of the Rocky Mountain mule deer．Indians hunted there every autumn to gather meat and skins．The forest also had mountain lions, timber wolves and bobcats that kept the deer from multiplying too rapidly．

　　Then, in 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt made the Kaibab a national game preserve．Deer hunting was forbidden．Government hunters started killing off the deer's enemies．In 25 years’ time, 6, 250 mountain lions, wolves and bobcats were killed．Before the program, there were about 4, 000 deer in the Kaibab, by 1924, there were about 100, 000．

　　The deer ate every leaf and twig they could reach．But there was not nearly enough food．Hunting of deer was permitted again．This caused a slight decrease in the deer herd(鹿群)，but a far greater loss resulted from starvation(饥饿)and disease．Some 60 percent of the deer herd died in two winters．By 1930 the herd had dropped to 20, 000 animals．By 1942 it was down to 8, 000．

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阅读理解

　　When a friend is sad about a tragedy(悲剧)，it's hard to know how to comfort(安慰)him/her．But the worst thing you can do is say nothing．It could mean that you don't care．You don't have to say much．．A single supportive phrase doesn't require absolutely perfect words to break the ice．Here are some conversation starters when life difficult situations have your tongue tied．

　　Don't say：“Don't worry．You're so young．You'll have another baby．” Do say：“ I'm so sorry．I can't begin to imagine what you are going through, but if you want to talk about it, call me anytime．”

　　Don't say：“I never liked that rat bastard(坏蛋)anyway!”(If the couple winds up reconciling(和解)， you could end up losing your friend．)Do say：“Breaking up is always hard to deal with, but I'm here for you, whatever you need．”

　　Don't say：“It's God's will．” or “I know exactly how you feel．” Do say：“I'm sorry about your loss．What can I do to help?”

　　Don't say：“Work is always boring．Those bosses didn't suit you!” Do say：“I'm sorry for that, but I know there's an even better job waiting for you there．Let's think about possibilities．”

　　Don't say：“Gee! It was only a cat!” or “My roommate doesn't like her dog and she is getting rid of her dog．Do you want it?” Do say：“I'm sorry, she was such a great cat．How long did you have it?”

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阅读理解

　　When you are learning English, you find it not clever to put an English sentence, word for word, into your own language．Take the sentence “How do you do?” as an example．If you look up each word in the dictionary, one at a time, what is your translation? It must be a wrong sentence in your own language．

　　Languages do not just have different sounds, they are different in many ways．It's important to master(掌握)the rules for word order in the study of English, too．If the speaker puts words in a wrong order, the listener can't understand the speaker's sentence easily．Sometimes when the order of words in an English sentence is changed, the meaning of the sentence changes, But sometimes the order is changed, the meaning of the sentence doesn't change．Let's see the difference between the two pairs of sentences．

　　“She only likes apples．” “Only she likes apples．”

　　“I have seen the film already．” “I have already seen the film．”

　　When you are learning English, you must do your best to get the spirit(精神实质)of the language and use it as the English speaker does．

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阅读理解

　　A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present．On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office, a street urchin(顽童)was walking around the shining car．"Is this your car, Paul?" he asked．

　　Paul answered, "Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas．" The boy was surprised．"You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you anything．Boy, I wish…"He hesitated(犹豫)．

　　Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for．He was going to wish he had a brother like that．But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly．

　　"I wish," the boy went on, "that I could be a brother like that．" Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again; "Would you like to take a ride in my car?" "Oh, yes, I'd love that．" After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said, "Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house?"

　　Paul smiled a little．He thought he knew what the boy wanted．He wanted to show his neighbors that he could ride home in a big car．But Paul was wrong again．"Will you stop where those two steps are?" the boy asked．

　　He ran up to the steps．Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast．He was carrying his little crippled(残疾)brother．He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car．

　　"There he is, Buddy, just like I told you upstairs．His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent．And some day I'm going to give you one just like it．Then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas window that I've been trying to tell you about．"

　　Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car．The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride．

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阅读理解

　　Welcome to our school．You can do a lot of things here．Come and join us．

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