阅读理解，阅读下列短文，从每篇短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　“confidence” is probably one of the most noticeable traits(品质)in the Americans．They show confidence in the way they talk, the way they smile, the way they dress and the way they walk．Living and competing with all these confidence American students, I find it extremely important to be confident as an international student and instructor．As a student, being confident means you should never hesitate to raise your hand whenever a question or a point comes to your mind．Don't mind if it sounds simple or silly．Otherwise you will never get a chance to speak in class at all．What's worse, the professors may think you are not prepared for the discussion or you do not have your own opinion on the issue-this is the last comment any graduate would like to receive．

　　Being confidence for me as a foreign instructor means calmly asking the student to repeat what he or she has said if I did not get it．Pretending to understand what you actually did not may just bring yourself embarrassment or even disgrace．But the time I most need to be confident is when my students come to my office and bargain about the grades I have given for their Speeches．(The course I'm teaching here is Public Speaking)．Modesty is a trait highly valued in China, but it won't be of much help here if you want to survive and succeed in a good American graduate program．

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阅读理解

　　We know that many animals do not stay in one place．Bird, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time．They move for different reasons： most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded．

　　When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food．Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed．The most famous migration(迁移)is probably the migration of the fish, which is called “salmon”．This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water．There it spends its life．When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water．Then it gives birth and dies there．In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse．They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded．They move down to the low land．Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea．

　　Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster(龙虾)．Every year, when the season of bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean．Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go．

　　So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other times we don't．Maybe living things just like to travel．

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阅读理解

　　Minh Pham was born in Vietnam．He left there when he was 21 years old．Minh has been in America for almost two years．There is still much he does not understand about America．

　　Once, Minh was in a supermarket．He saw an old man and an old woman．They wanted a box of cereal(麦片)．The box was on a high shelf．The man and the woman couldn't reach it．Minh saw a stepladder．He got on the ladder and got the box．He handed it to the elderly couple．They thanked him．

　　“Where are your children? ” asked Minh．“Why don't they help you buy food? ” “Our children have their own lives, ” said the man and the woman．“We like to be independent．” Minh doesn't think this is right．In his country, children help their parents．Minh gave the elderly couple his phone number．He told them to call him if they needed help．One night they asked Minh to dinner, but they never asked him for help．

　　One day, Minh was walking with a Vietnamese friend．The two men were going to a movie．Minh wanted to go to a restaurant first．Minh took his friend's hand．He pulled him towards the restaurant．People on the street stared at Minh．In Vietnam, friends often hold hands．Minh found that the people in America are not used to men holding hands．

　　Minh Pham is going through a process(过程)known as resocialization．Socialization(社会化)is the process in which a person learns to live in a society．Everyone goes through this process．Minh went through it when he lived in Vietnam．But the Vietnamese way of life is rather different from the American way of life．When Minh came to America, he had to learn a new way of life．He had to learn how to live in a new society．Minh has learned a lot about American life in two years．He still has a lot to learn．The process of resocialization can take many years．

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阅读理解

One Canada, Two Languages

　　Canada is one of the few nations in the world to have two official languages： English and French．There are 10 provinces in the country but only one of these-Quebec is known as “French Canada”．This is because it was founded by French explorers while British adventurers discovered the rest．?

　　Canada left the British empire(帝国)in 1867 to become an independent country, and English and French have been recognized as the official languages ever since．?

　　Most people speak English as their first language and the two national television networks broadcast in English throughout the country．Apart from in Quebec and a few places on the east coast, French television is very rare．?

　　The same goes for traffic signs and menus．For example, outside of Quebec, there are only a few places where you'll see traffic signs in French．In restaurants, it's almost impossible to find French on the menu unless you are in the heartland(中心地带)of French Canada．However, all products sold in Canada must, by law, have labels(标签)and instructions in both languages．?

　　In Canada's English speaking provinces, official bilingualism(双语)means that students can choose to complete a special French language course．Under this programme, they are taught most of their subjects in French．?

　　If a student begins the course in kindergarten(幼儿园)or Grade One, it is likely that all their lessons will be in French．However, if they start at junior high school, 25 per cent of the teaching will continue to be in English．?

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阅读理解，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Jiang Heping, Chief Executive(总监)of CCTV-9, decides the success of many journalism departments all over the country．

　　Mr．Jiang said there were two big movements that were important for CCTV-9．“First, CCTV-9 has successfully entered Indonesia．Meanwhile, CCTV-9 has developed another 10 million viewers through the Great Wall Platform since October 1st, 2004．Second, by carrying out the ‘Go Out Project’, CCTV-9 has gained more audiences from different parts of the world, ” Mr．Jiang said．

　　CCTV-9's standard for job applicants

　　When he was asked which kind of graduate he would choose between students with good English but little knowledge of journalism and students with a good knowledge of journalism but poor English, he said, “Of course, the students with good English! ” Mr．Jiang firmly believed that journalistic skills can be gradually mastered in practice, but a good knowledge of English can never be easily gained in a short time．

　　CCTV-9's experience in exploration

　　Mr．Jiang thought the proper setting of the channel's identity as a “China Channel” is the key point of the channel's success．CCTV-9 is making every effort to report what is happening in China and has decided to continue doing so．

　　He also mentioned the attitude in reporting news．CCTV-9's reports during the Iraqi War were considered the justest by international societies．Foreign experts were also invited to many of their programs．

　　“The past doesn't explain anything．We should make the best use of it and do a better job in the future, ” Mr．Jiang said．

　　CCTV-9's tomorrow

　　When talking about CCTV-9's plans for the future, Mr．Jiang painted a great picture for the channel．He said, “We will cooperate with other media, especially with English language media．The southeast Asian and European platforms are also part of our plans．We also aim to establish Russian and Arabic channel．”

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阅读理解，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　There are many factors which may have an influence on adults and children being able to lead a healthy life．

　　Nowadays, people are very busy．Often, both parents work outside the home．Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home to help their parents．They also have sporting and leisure activities as well as school expectations．

　　The business also adds another factor： the need to use cars to get from one place to another quickly．

　　Today, society places a lot of emphasis on technology．Computers, DVDs, CDs, television, PlayStations and X-boxes have become major leisure activities, rather than traditional more active pursuits(追求)．This has led to a more sedentary lifestyle．

　　The media provide entertainment and information．Unfortunately, they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles．It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal．The media constantly bombard(轰炸)their audience with “perfect” body images, the need to buy the most fashionable clothes, the most up-to-date computer games, the best places to visit and the best things to do．

　　Environments vary．We may be exposed to pollution, such as cigarette smoke．This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties．Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life．

　　The important factor influencing healthy lifestyles is motivation, or the desire to be healthy．Any person who wants to be healthy will find a way to be healthy-if he/she is motivated enough!

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阅读理解，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病)that flesh receives．

　　The most widespread fallacy(谬误)of all is that colds are caused by cold．They are not．They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person．You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one．If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever．But they do not．And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes．

　　During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds．

　　In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp(奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds．

　　At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time．After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room．Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion．Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose．

　　If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer．One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on．

　　No one has yet found a cure for the cold．There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片)such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms．

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阅读理解，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card fraud．Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site．

　　Web sites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care．On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought．The thieves then go shopping with your card number -or sell the information over the Internet．Computer hackers have broken down security systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information．Several months ago, 25, 000 customers of CD Universe, an on-line music retailer(零售商), were not lucky．Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US ＄157, 828 to get back the information．

　　Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud．Mastercard is working on plans for Web-only credit card, with a lower credit limit．The card could be used only for shopping on-line．However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated．

　　Ask about your credit-card firm's on-line rules： Under British law, cardholders have to pay the first US ＄78 of any fraudulent(欺骗性的)spending．

　　And shop only at secure sites; Send your credit-card information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system．If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen．The Website address may also start https：//-the extra “s” stands for secure．If in doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone．

　　Keep your password safe： Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order．Treat your passwords with care．

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阅读理解，阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Poet Dean Young has dealt with impermanence(无常)a lot in his career, but it's a particularly strong theme in Young's latest collection, Fall Higher．The new collection was published in April, just days after the poet received a life-saving heart transplant(移植)after about a decade of living with a weakening heart condition．

　　Young, whoso work is often frank and rich with twisted humor, tells NPR's Renee Montaigne that as he recovers from operation, he's also slowly returning to his everyday writing habits．

　　"I'm getting back to it, " Young says．"Not with the sort of concentration and sort of flame that I look forward to in the future, but I am blackening some pages．"

　　And on those blackened pages you'll find poems like " How Grasp Green, " which carries themes of springtime and rebirth．It's one of the first poems Young has written since his transplant．

　　It's easy to spot clues(线索)to Young's awful health situation in the lines of his poetry．Fall Higher's "Vintage" opens with, "Because I will die soon, I fall asleep, during the lecture on the ongoing emergency．" And the poem "-The Rhythms Pronounce Themselves Then Vanish-published in The/Vew Barker in February -opens with the CT scan that revealed Young's heart condition．

　　Young says "Rhythms" was written about the beginning of his illness．

　　"I had been having a lot of physical pain so that I could hardly walk a block．I got sent to a gastroenterologist and he did a series of tests, and then the tests came back to me and it was all heart related, " he says．" And the outlook wasn't good．

　　Hearts tend to come up a lot in poetry, and that's especially true of Young's work, which has clearly been influenced by the troubles of his own heart,

　　"A lot of times, it's not just a metaphor(比喻), " Young says．"For me, it's an actual concern because I've been living with this disease for over 10 years．My father died of heart problems when he was 49, so it's been a sort of shadowy concern for me my whole life．

　　But Young's poems also deal with more abstract matters of the．heart．He wrote Fall Higher's, "Late Valentine" for his wife．"We've been married since late November and most of it has been spent in the hospital, " Young says of his marriage to poet Laurie Saurborn Young, who says " 'Late Valentine' is very sweet．

　　Today, Young says, his friends can't help but comment on how pink his cheeks have become-the result of a new heart and better circulation(循环)．But Young wrote the poems of Fall Higher before the transplant, at a time when, at its weakest point, his old heart was pumping at 8 percent of what it should have been．

　　He was staring death in the face-but he was still able to look at his life and see art in it．

　　Young's work also touches on themes of randomness and fate-two factors that contributed to him getting a second chance in the form of a new heart from a 22-year-old student．

　　"Everything in life is molecules(分子)bouncing against molecules, " Young says, and having a successful transplant is no different．" Somebody had to die; it had to be a fit; my blood and his blood had to not have an argument; the heart had to be transported; I had to get it．"

　　There were, in short, an amazing number of variables(变量)that led to Young being here today．

　　"I just feel enormous gratitude, " he says of his donor(捐献者)．"He gave me a heart so I'm still alive-"I'm sure I'm going to think about this person for the rest of my life．"

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阅读理解，阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　The ability to memorize things seems to be a vanishing(消失的)technique．So what can we do to bring out brain cells back into-action? A newly published book on memory, Moomvalking with Einstein：The Art and Science of Remembering Everything, by American journalist Joshua Foer, makes a telling point, one that is an analysis of the importance of memorising events and stories in human history; the decline of its role in modem life; and the techniques that we need to adopt to restore the art of remembering．

　　As Foer points out, we no longer need to remember telephone numbers．Our mobile phones do that for us．We don't recall addresses either．We send emails from computers that store electronic addresses．Nor do we bother to remember multiplication tables(乘法表)．Pocket calculators do the job of multiplying quite nicely．Museums, photographs, the digital media and books also act as storehouses for memories that once we had to keep in mind．

　　As a result, we no longer remember long poems or folk stories by heart, feats(技艺)of memory that were once the cornerstones of most people's lives．Indeed, society has changed so much that we no longer know what techniques we should employ to remember such lengthy works．We are, quite simply, forgetting how to remember．

　　And let's face it, there is nothing sadder than someone who has lost their mobile phone and who finds they cannot even phone home or call their parents or partners because they cannot remember a single telephone number．That is a sad example of loss of personal independence．So, yes, there is a need for us to he able to remember certain things in life．

　　Therefore, Foer's book outlines the methods that need to be mastered in order to promote our memories and regain the ability to recall long strings of names, numbers or faces．In the process, he adds, we will become more aware of the world about us．

　　The trick, Foer says, is to adopt a process known as " elaborative encoding", which involves transforming information, such as a shopping list, into a series of "absorbing visual images"．If you want to remember a list of household objects-potatoes, cottage cheese, sugar and other items, then visualise them in an unforgettable manner, he says．Start by creating an image of a large jar of potatoes standing in the garden．Next to it, imagine a giant tub of cottage cheese-the size of an outdoor pool-and then picture Lady Gaga swimming in it．And so on．Each image should be as fantastic and memorable as possible．

　　Using methods like this, it becomes possible to achieve great feats of memory quite easily, Foer says．It certainly seems to have worked for him：he won the annual US Memory Championships after learning how to memorize 120 random digits in five minutes; the first and last names of 156 strangers in 15 minutes; and a deck of cards in under two minutes．"What I had really trained my brain to do, as much as to memorise, was to be more mindful and to pay attention to the world around, " he says．

　　These techniques employed by Foer to master his memory were developed by Ed Cooke-a British writer and a world memory championship grandmaster．He acted as Foer's trainer during preparations for the book and helped him achieve his championship performances．" Memory techniques do just one thing：they make information more meaningful to the mind, making the things we try to learn unforgettably bright and amusing, " said Cooke．

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