阅读下面短文回答问题(注意题后的字数要求)。

　　In the United States, train transportation is unpopular compared with cars and airplanes．Most people like traveling by car or by air．

　　Officials of the United States Department of Transportation made a study in 2001．The study is about how many miles Americans traveled by different means of transportation．They only studied trips longer than 50 miles．The study showed that fifty-six percent of all miles were traveled in personal vehicle．Forty-one percent were traveled in an airplane．Two percent were traveled in a bus．And less than one percent of miles were traveled in a train．

　　Amtrak is the national provider of train transportation in the United States．In the past ten years, the number of its passengers has increased by eighteen percent．Although the number of passengers has increased, it is still very small now．In countries such as France, Germany, or Japan, more people use trains．

　　There are several reasons why many people _________．

　　Firstly, Americans love to drive their own cars．On highways, cars can travel as fast as trains．These highways connect all major cities in America．Secondly, many travelers like to be independent．When they use their own cars they can decide when to travel．Thirdly, many buses travel between major cities．Bus travel is less costly than train travel．

　　In a huge country like the United States, cities are far away from each other．In some cases, travel from one city to another by train may take more than a day．Airplanes can carry passengers over long distances much faster．People who do not want to spend long time traveling by train decide to fly．For these people saving time is the most important thing．

1．What is the best title of the passage?(Please answer within 10 words．)

2．Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

3．Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．(Please answer within 10 words．)

4．What means of transportation do you like best when traveling, trains, cars, or planes? Why?(Please answer within 30 words)

5．Translate the underlined sentences in the last paragraph into Chinese．

阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。(请注意问题后的字数要求)

　　Five years ago this month I founded Parenting Pathways．In celebration of my 5-year-old child．I offer My Top 5 Pieces of Parenting Advice(in no particular order．)

　　1．There is no such thing as perfect．Struggling for perfection is a road to nowhere．Stop! Expecting perfection from your child is a mistake．Perfection is relative，and it doesn't really exist．Children need to be taught to struggle for satisfaction．

　　2．Prepare the child for the path and not the path for the child．You don't get to create a world that works for your child；you need to prepare your child for the world．Removing the stones from her way won't enable your child to walk life's path．It is by allowing your child to deal with obstacles in her way that you prepare her for life．And experience is her best teacher．

　　3．a child who has not been bandaged has not been well parented．Children need to struggle。sometimes fall down．They need to get hurt，and they need to learn to pick themselves up…with the support of a loving parent．It is through such struggle thin children learn they can survive the bruises(伤痕)－and how to do it differently or better next time．

　　4．One careless Yes fuels a child through a thousand no's．Especially with young children who have elephant-1ike memories，stick to your principles．If one Thursday, six months ago，you gave in to your child's begging and ________ right before dinner．He will remember it and keep asking you for a cookie every day before dinner! Don't compromise．No means no !

　　5．Be the person you want your child to be．Even though you don't believe it now，the apple really doesn't fall too far from the tree．Your child is watching you all the time；he is absorbing what you say and what you don't say，how you react，how you treat people, how you behave．Modeling is a powerful teacher．

1．Why does the author think it necessary for a child to suffer some kind of struggles?(no more than 15 words．)

2．Fill in the blank with proper words．(no more than 5 words．)

3．What's the probable meaning of the underlined word “compromise”?(no more than 3 words．)

4．In the sentence “the apple really doesn't fall too far from the tree．” what or who do“the apple” and “the tree” refer to?

“The apple” refers to ________;

“The tree” refers to ________．

5．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．

Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．

　　How would you cope if you had a terminal illness? What if your son or daughter had no hope of ever having a normal life due to a life-threatening condition? Do these terminally sick people have the right to die?

　　In the UK, the question of assisted suicide or refusing medical treatment is extremely divisive(有分歧的); euthanasia is illegal in Britain, which is the act of helping a terminally-ill person to kill himself．

　　However, a 13-year-old English girl has won the right to refuse medical treatment this week after a hospital dropped a legal attempt to force her to have a heart transplant．Hannah Jones, who has spent eight years in and out of hospital battling heart problems, told child protection officers she wanted to die with dignity rather than face the operation and have to take constant medical treatment afterwards．Despite initial efforts by her local health authority to remove Hannah from her family and force her to undergo the transplant, legal and medical experts said that a child of her age was able to make an informed decision to refuse treatment．

　　Hannah’s decision to stop treatment and spend the rest of her life at home with her family was made entirely by herself, according to her father, who spoke of his admiration for her．"Hannah made that decision consciously on her own, a bit like a grown-up, even though she was only 12 at the time, and she has maintained that decision," said Andrew Jones．

　　The headmaster of Hannah’s school described her as intelligent and capable of making her own decisions．"Her presence is a source of inspiration to us all through the courage and dignity that she displays," he said．

(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．)

1．What is “euthanasia”(in paragraph 2)?

2．The hospital’s original plan for Hannah was to ________．

3．Hannah Jones prefers dying with dignity to ________．

4．What does the writer intend to discuss with the example of Hannah?

Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．

　　A newly-published study has shown that loneliness can spread from one person to another, like a disease．

　　Researchers used information from the Framingham Study, which began in 1948．The Framingham Study gathers information about physical and mental health, personal behavior and diet．At first, the study involved about 5,000 people in the American state of Massachusetts．Now, more than 12,000 individuals are taking part．

　　Information from the Framingham Study showed earlier that happiness can spread from person to person．So can behaviors like littering and the ability to stop smoking．

　　University of Chicago psychologist John Cacioppo led the recent study．He and other researchers attempted to show how often people felt lonely．They found that the feeling of loneliness spread through social groups．

　　Having a social connection with a lonely person increased the chances that another individual would feel lonely．In fact, a friend of a lonely person was 52％ more likely to develop feelings of loneliness．A friend of that person was 25％ more likely．The researchers say this shows that a person could indirectly be affected by someone’s loneliness．

　　The effect was strongest among friends．Neighbors were the second most affected group．The effect was weaker on husbands and wives, and brothers and sisters．The researchers also found that loneliness spread more easily among women than men．

　　The New York Times newspaper reports that, on average, people experience feelings of loneliness about 48 days a year．It also finds that every additional friend can decrease loneliness by about five percent, or two and a half fewer lonely days．

　　Loneliness has been linked to health problems like depression and sleeping difficulties．The researchers believe that knowing the causes of loneliness could help in reducing it．

　　The study suggests that people can take steps to stop the spread of loneliness．They can do this by helping individuals they know who may be experiencing loneliness．The result can be helpful to the whole social group．

1．What personal behaviors can spread from person to person like loneliness and happiness according to the Framingham Study?

2．What group of people was affected most by loneliness according to the passage?

3．According to the New York Times newspaper report, if you want to reduce the feelings of loneliness, you’d better ________．

4．The researchers who make the study believe that loneliness is caused by ________．

阅读下面短文并回答问题(请注意问题后的词数要求。)

　　Feeling a little blue? Here are ten fast and easy ways to smile．

　　When you exercise,, your brain releases a chemical called endorphins．This chemical makes you feel happier．That is just another reason why exercise is good for you．

　　Leave your apartment and go outside．Sun and fresh air are good for you．

　　If you can't go to the gym, try taking deep breaths．Breathing deeply will relax your muscles and give you energy．

　　Westlife, Backstreet Boys, S．H．E…who doesn' t like a little mindless pop? Listening to upbeat, happy music will make you smile．Singing along won't hurt either．

　　Laughing is the best way to improve your mood．Children laugh around 400 times a day．Adults only laugh about 20 times a day．What happened? Be a kid for a day：play games, watch funny movies, or read jokes online．

　　Chocolate has special natural chemicals that make you happy．Plus, it tastes so good!

　　Be an artist! Draw, paint, or make something．________ it is not perfect, being creative relieves stress．

　　Dogs are cute, energetic, and fun．Pius, studies show that people with pets live longer and people with dogs live the longest!

　　If something is bothering you, it is a good idea to talk about it．Call a friend or relative．A good chat is great way to feel better fast．

　　Close your eyes and think of a beautiful scene or a time when you were happy and feeling good．

1．What is the main idea of the text?(no more than 8 words)

2．Complete the following statement with words from Item 3．(no more than 5 words)When you

________, you will be relaxed, and you will be full of energy．

3．Point out the advantage of laughter in Item 5．(no more than 5 words)

4．Fill in the blank in Item 7 with proper words,(no more than 3 words)

5．What does the word "it"(Linel, Item 9)probably refer to?(10 more than 3 words)

阅读表达

　　[1]Sending text messages from your mobile phone while driving is more dangerous than driving after drinking, which is found by the Transport Research Laboratory(TRL)．

　　[2]The reaction time of people who sent text messages as they drove slowed by 35％, while the reaction time of those who had drunk alcohol slowed by 12％．“This research shows how dangerous it is to text while driving,” researcher Nick Reed said in a statement．He said drivers who texted were distracted by trying to read small texts on the phone and by thinking about how to write their messages．And using the phone requires them to put their hands off the wheel．The combination of factors caused the slowness of reaction and the impairment(减弱)of vehicle control．

　　[3]One conclusion researchers made about why texting while driving is so dangerous is the length of time it takes to write a message．The TRL said that writing a text message behind the wheel took 63 seconds, in which a car travels nearly a mile within town centre speed limits and over a mile within motorway speed limits．

　　[4]Nearly half of the 18-to 24-year-olds admitted texting as they drove, another survey discovered．

　　[5]The TRL study selected 17 people from the 18-to 24-year-old age group to take part in a simulated(模拟的)road test, in which they were ________ on a variety of roads．“The participants in this study were almost unanimous(一致同意的)in their view that texting while driving was the most dangerous action on the road,” RAC Director Stephen Glaister said．

　　[6]“We need to ensure that drivers who love texting understand that texting is one of the most dangerous things that can be done while in charge of a car,” Glaister said in a statement．

1．What’s the main idea of the passage?(no more than 10 words)

2．Give two factors which caused the slowness of reaction of a driver while texting．(no more than 20 words)

①________．

②________．

3．Complete the following statement with proper words．(no more than 4 words)

The researchers inferred it’s the time a driver spends reading and writing a message that ________．

4．What does the underlined word “which” in Paragraph 3 probably refer to?(no more than 2 words)

5．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words．(no more than 8 words)