阅读表达题。阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的词数要求)。

　　[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions．But recent data has indeed shown cognitive(认知的)ability to be higher in some countries than in others．What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop-a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect"．Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor．Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory： intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates．

　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body"．Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy．It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious．And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body-and therefore brain-is parasitic(由寄生虫引起的)infection．These illnesses threaten brain development ________．They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace．They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake．They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction．And then there's the energy channeled(输送)to the immune system to fight the infection．

　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens"(life years lost due to infectious diseases)and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated．The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception．On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list．

　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores．

1．What is the main idea of the text?(no more than 10 words)

________________

2．Complete the following statement with proper words．(no more than 4 words)

Those countries that have the ________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list．

3．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words．(no more than 5 words)

________________

4．What can cause intelligence difference?(no more than 8 words)

________________

5．What does the word “they”(Line2, paragraph3)probably refer to?(no more than 8 words)

________________

信息匹配

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。

阅读以下消费者的信息，然后匹配他们拟要购买的鞋。

1．Terminal examination is coming near and Lowes, a university student, is busy preparing for it．Unfortunately, his baseball shoes are worn out．He'd like to get a pair of shoes, which is comfortable and not that expensive on the net．

2．Tony's birthday is coming．His girl friend is going to get him a pair of basketball shoes as a gift，which is made of thinner material and less heavy．

3．Jogging is one of Emmy's hobbies．Every afternoon after work she spends half an hour jogging along the seaside to keep fit．She wants to buy a pair of shoes which is ultra-cushioned．

4．Simon, who works in a big company, has decided to go hiking with his friends for a holiday．He'd like to get a pair of casual athletic shoes which is of a traditional style．

5．Baseball is very popular in the USA．Even women have their own baseball club．Rachel is the captain of a part-time baseball team．There will be a game next weekend．So she would like to buy a kind of baseball shoes designed for the professional athletes for all her teammates．

Directions： Read the passage carefully．Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words．

　　A study of more than five million books, both fiction and non-fiction, has found a marked decline in the use of emotional words over time．The researchers form the University of Bristol used Google Ngram Viewer, a facility for finding the frequency of terms in scanned books, to search for more than 600 particular words identified as representing anger, dislike, fear, joy, sadness and surprise．

　　They found that almost all of the categories(类别)showed a drop in these “mood words” over time．Only in the category of fear was there an increase in usage．

　　“It is a steady and continuous decrease, ” said Dr Alberto Acerbi．He assumed that the result might be explained by a change in the position occupied by literature, in a crowded media landscape．“One thing could be that in parallel to books the 20th century saw the start of other media．Maybe these media-movies, radio, drama-had more emotional content than books．”

　　Although both joy and sadness followed the general downwards trend, the research, published in the journal PLOS One, found that they also exhibited another interesting behaviour：the ratio(比率)between the two varied greatly, apparently mirroring historical events．

　　During the Roaring Twenties the joy-to-sadness ratio reached a peak that would not occur again until before the recent financial crash．But the ratio plunged at the height of the Second World War．Nevertheless, the researchers held a reserved opinion about their claim that their result reflected wider social trends．In the paper, they even argue that the reverse could be true．

　　“It has been suggested, for example, that it was the suppression(压抑)of desire in ordinary Elizabethan English life that increased demand for writing ‘filled with romance and sex’… perhaps, ” they conclude, “songs and books may not reflect the real population any more than catwalk models reflect the average body．”

　　(Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．)

1．A study of more than five million books indicated a decline in “mood words” over time except

________________．

2．According to Dr Alberto Acerbi, one reason for the drop of “mood words” in books may be that

________________．

3．What were the two periods when the joy-to-sadness ratio was at its highest?

________________．

4．While the researchers found some changes in the use of “mood words” in books, they were not sure that ________．

阅读下面短文，并按照题目要求用英语问答问题(请注意问题后词数要求)。

　　A nurse of 78 this weekend celebrates 60 years of walking the wards-and she has no plans to retire．

　　Jackie Reid was 18 when she started work in 1953-when the National Health Service(NHS)was just five years old-and is believed to be the oldest nurse in Britain．

　　The diabetes(糖尿病)specialist had to retire at 65 but returned as a nurse within two weeks and still does up to four seven-and-a-half hour shifts(轮班)each week．

　　Mrs Reid said： "Nursing is hard if you do it correctly but I love my job．Working for the NHS has been my life．I have no other hobbies because I have worked all my life．

　　Jackie has worked at a number of different hospitals-including one in Scotland．

　　Her specialist field has been diabetes for the past 40 years．She retrained after her 12-year-old daughter Michelle developed the disease．She currently works at Southend Hospital, Essex．

　　Over the last 60years she has treated tens of thousands of patients．

　　Jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts．She said： "There're lots of things I would say to the government．If you are going to get good care you have to have the resources(资源), you can't do it without enough money．They shouldn't need the cuts that there are in the NHS．It's hard now because there's a shortage of staff．"

　　Jackie has lived alone in Grays, Essex, since her husband did three years ago．

　　The couple have two daughters Michelle, 50, and Karen, 54．

　　Jackie added： "My youngest daughter worried about me-she doesn't think I should work as much as I do．I constantly say 'don't worry about me, I'm fine', but she never believes me．I don't like the thought of giving it up and will try to keep going forever．"

1．In which year was the NHS set up?(within 2 words)

2．What does Jackie think of nursing?(within 6 words)

3．When did Jackie retrain in the field of diabetes?(within 6 words)

4．What does Jackie wish the government to do?(within 7 words)

5．Why does Jackie's daughter worry about her?(within 8 words)

阅读表达

　　My name is Clara．I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class．I'd finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine．A piece of news caught my eye：NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器)．Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind, Curiosity．

　　I couldn't want for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay．That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed until my fingers ached．“Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone's mind…”

　　Five months later, my mon received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face．

　　On August 5, 2012, at 10∶31 p．m, the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA．

　　Curiosity is such an important part of who I am．I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe．I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours．She'd tell me stories and point out the stars, Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart．They were always there, yet there was so much I didn't know about them．That's what I love so much about space．

　　People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares．My answer is simple because we’re curious．We human beings do not just hole up in one place．We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what's over the hill and beyond the horizon．

1．How did Clara get the new about the essay contest?(no more than 10 words)

2．Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA?(no more than 10 words)

3．What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma?(no more than 15 words)

4．What does the underlined phrase “hole up”mean?(1 word)

5．In your opinion, why is curiosity important?(no more than 20 words)

请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。

　　The everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)-being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一丝不苟的)in attending to responsibilities-are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should．They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with．It's the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline．

　　Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field．In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness．It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization：the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time．

　　Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales．Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲)against the threat of job loss in today's constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued．For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on．

　　There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are．Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict．

　　But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems．Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don't show the same high levels of model behavior．Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships．

　　When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity．In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性)are scarce and in demand．Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness．

阅读下面短文并用英语回答问题。

　　[1] Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota．He became a millionaire when he was only 24．His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son．Getty made his millions alone．He made his money from oil．He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies．The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world．”

　　[2]But money ________．He married five times and divorced five times．He had five children but spent little time with them．None of Getty's children had very happy lives．

　　[3]Getty loved to make money and loved to save it．In spite of his great wealth, Getty was miser．Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day．He even put pay telephone in the guest's bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills．

　　[4] In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return．Getty's son asked his father for money to save his child．But Getty refused．The kidnappers were merciless and Getty's son made repeated requests for help from his father．Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest．

　　[5] Getty started a museum at his home Malibu, California．He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum．When Getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the museum was ＄1 billion．He left all his money to the museum．After his death, the museum grew in size．Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States．Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art．

1．What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?(no more than 8 words)

________________

2．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words．(no more than 7 words)

________________

3．Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph3．

________________

4．What did the kidnappers do to Getty's family(no more than 10 words)

________________

5．What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph?(no more than 10 words)

________________

阅读表达

　　[1]Fishing is probably the world's most popular sport．People spend many dollars each year on items like boats and four－wheel－drive vehicles．In addition, they spend money on fishing equipment , bait, fuel and boat repairs．And you can see that fishing can be an expensive pastime．Fishing lovers believe that their hobby is worth it．Others say that fishing is spoiling the environment and that it is a cruel hobby．

　　[2]Supporters of fishing say that it is a nice hobby．Firstly, of the millions of people who fish for fun, most only catch enough fish to feed their families．They catch fish that are found in large numbers, so there is little danger to the species (种类)．

　　[3]Secondly, recreational fishermen contribute to the economy．They spend money on equipment and other items, and they also spend it indirectly by paying taxes on their equipment and fuel．Those who travel to fishing spots pay for accommodation (食宿) and airfares．This money keeps people in work and provides new jobs each year．

　　[4]Thirdly, fishing is relaxing and fun so it lessens stress．Instead of turning to drugs or alcohol, it is far better to go fishing．People who are relaxed are generally healthier and much nicer to be near－except for the smell of the bait !

　　[5]Those who ________ say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken form rivers, lakes, streams and oceans．This could lead to the dying out of some species．Modern cars and boats mean that people can fish in remote areas of the world, so no place is safe from greedy fishermen who take both males and females, leaving few fish to produce young．

　　[6]Those against fishing also say that it is a blood sport, which means that an animal must die so that a human can have fun．Many of the fish caught for sport are not suitable for eating, so they are thrown away．Once hooked, fish have no chance of escape．

1．What is the main idea of the passage ? (no more than 4 words)

________________________________

2．According to Paragraph 2 , why does fishing cause little danger to the species ?(no more than 8 words)

________________________________

3．List 4 items on which people spend their money for fishing．(no more than 7 words)

________________________________

4．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words．

Those who ________ say that there are too many fish thoughtlessly taken form rivers, lakes, streams and oceans．

5．What does the word “which” (Line 1, Paragraph6) probably refer to ? (no more than 3 words)

________________________________

“Let's Talk”：The Free Advice Project

　　A few weeks ago, I took a walk around Washington Square Park．I met all the usual people：street performers, the Pigeon Guy, a group of guitarists singing in harmony．But off to the side, sitting on a bench was a woman doing something vastly different－giving free advice．

　　A week or two later, I set up an interview with her and we discussed her project at length．

　　Lisa Podell, 32, started the Free Advice Project this past May．It began as an experiment；she sat in Washington Square Park for a day with a sign that read “Free Advice” as a simple way to reach out to people．Podell was astonished at the strong response．

　　Podell admits that she was doubtful at first, but now she describes the project as mutually(相互地)beneficial．People learn from her－but she also learns from them．She says that the majority of those who come to her are dealing with some pretty heavy issues, and they expect her not only to listen, but also provide real answers．

　　Having worked as a full time teacher and now as an adolescent advisor, Podell believes that talking things out is an important in the decision-making process．

　　Sometimes, people walk around all day, keeping their problems in their own head and thinking about them in the same way．Podell simply strives to provide people with perspective．

　　I asked if there is a future plan for the Free Advice Project．Podell said she would like to promote it to each public space in New York, which would be carried out by various volunteers across the city．

　　It was truly inspiring to meet someone with such a big heart, especially in New York－where it is sometimes very hard to find anybody to listen．(303 words)

1．In what way was Podell different from other people in the park?(No more than 6 words)(2 marks)

________________________________________

2．What do people in need expect Podell to do?(No more than 10 words)(3 marks)

________________________________________

3．According to Podell, what should people do when making decisions?

(No more than 6 words)(2 marks)

________________________________________

4．How would Podell promote her project in New York?(No more than 15 words)(3 marks)

________________________________________

阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的词数要求。)

　　(1) Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends ?Do you frequently ignore work ,study ,and other activities to check you phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone ?Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more ,and do you thumbs hurt from texting too much ?

　　(2)If ________ ,then it is very possible that you are a textaholic．A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages．The main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages ,which takes precedence(优先)over everything else ,and bad moods,low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in．The root of the problem ,as with many addictions ,is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress ,anxiety and relationship problems．Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future ,especially among the young．

　　(3)So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic ?The key is to get your life back in balance．Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive ,and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out．Most importantly ,make a point of spending quality time with friends and family ,and make time to re-learn the art of face-to –face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages．Not only will you save time and money ,but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication．

1．How does the author introduce the topic of the text?(no more than 5 words)

___________________________

2．Fill in the blank in paragraph 2 with proper words(no more than 8 words)

___________________________

3．What emotional difficulties may be the causes of text addiction(no more than 5 words)

①________　②________　③________

4．What do experts say about text addiction ?(no more than 14 words)

____________________________

5．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?(no more than 12 words)

____________________________