根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city．The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago．　　1　　 In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的)villages．It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history－a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living．

　　Britain was only the beginning．　　2　　．The process of urbanization－the migration(迁移)of people from the countryside to the city－was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live．

　　In 1990, fewer than 40％ of Americans lived in urban areas．Today, over 82％ of Americans live in cities．Only about 2％ live on farms．　　3　　．

　　Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized．Even in advanced agricultural societies．It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities．　　4　　．Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英)and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them．Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city．

　　Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country．　　5　　．Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers．

A．That kept cities very small．

B．The rest live in small towns．

C．The effects of urban living on people should be considered．

D．Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies．

E．But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities．

F．Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive．

G．Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings．

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want．The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services．Most businesses seek to make a profit(利润)－ that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business．　　1　　 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers．　　2　　

　　Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business．　　3　　 One is the establishment(制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting．　　4　　 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments．Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)and guidance by the management in authority．　　5　　．

A．Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work．

B．In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management．

C．Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals．

D．However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs．

E．The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments．

F．In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects．

G．Planning in business management has three main aspects．

根据根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能坡入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。

　　　　1　　，so get help．Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you．

　　Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well．Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well．　　2　　 so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do．

●　　3　　

　　If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about．

　　　　4　　．As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking．Your audience can be your friends．

　　Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits．　　5　　．Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not．

A．You aren't like anybody else

B．You already do lots of things well

C．Turn your back on too many rules

D．Check the rules about dos and don'ts

E．Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough

F．The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep

G．So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Forgiveness

　　To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy．When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate．However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health．People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research．

　　　　1　　 Try the following steps：

　　Calm yourself．　　2　　 You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure： a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love．

　　Don't wait for an apology．Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize．They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way．　　3　　 Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you．

　　Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者)．Rethinking about you hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain．Instead of focusing on your mounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you．

　　　　4　　 If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love．You may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view．

　　Don't forget to forgive yourself．　　5　　 But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't do it．

A．Why should you forgive?

B．How should you start to forgive?

C．Recognize the benefits of forgiveness．

D．Try to see things from you offender's angle．

E．For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge．

F．To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique．

G．If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time．

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。注意，选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　Parents should help their children understand money．　　1　　 so you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example．

　　1．The basic function of money

　　Being explaining the basic function of money by showing how people trade money for goods or services．It's important to show your child how money is traded for the thing he wants to have．If he wants to have a toy, give him the money and let him hand the money to the cashier．　　2　　 When your child grows a bit older and understands the basic function of money, you can start explaining more complex ways of using money．

　　2．Money lessons

　　Approach money lessons with openness and honesty．　　3　　 If you must say no to a child's request to spend money, explain, “You have enough toy trucks for now．”Or, if the request is for many different things, say, “You have to make a choice between this toy and that toy．”

　　3．　　4　　

　　Begin at the grocery store．Pick out similar brands of a product-a name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example．You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money．　　5　　 If he chooses the cheaper brand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved．Later, you may explain how the more expensive choice leaves less money for other purchases．

A．Wise decisions．

B．The value of money

C．Permit the child to choose between them．

D．Tell your child why he can-or cannot-have certain things．

E．Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you．

F．Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store．

G．The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest．

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为选项．

　　Everyone i s forgetful, but a s we age, we start to feel like our brain s are slowing down a bit-and that can be a very annoying thing．　　1　　 Read on for some technique s worth trying．

　　1．　　2　　

　　People who regularly made plan s and looked forward to upcoming event s had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer' s di sea se(老年性痴呆症)， according to a recent study．　　3　　 Something a s simple a s setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do．There' s evidence that people who have a purpo se in life or who are working on long or short-term goal s appear to do better．In other word s, keep your brain looking forward．

　　2．Go for a walk．

　　Mildly rai sed glucose(葡萄糖)level s can harm the area of the brain that help s you form memorie s and phy sical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal level s．In fact, exerci se produce s chemical s that are good for your brain．　　4　　

　　3．Learn something new．

　　Take a Spani sh cla s s online, join a drawing club, or learn to play card s．A study found that mental stimulation limit s the weakening effect s of aging on memory and the mind．But the be st thing for your brain i s when you learn something new and are phy sically active at the same time．　　5　　 Or you can ju st go dancing with your friend s．

A．Focu s on the future．

B．Thi s can be e specially harmful to the aged．

C．It should be something like learning gardening．

D．So take a few minute s each day to do some reading．

E．But don't worry if our schedule i sn't filled with life－changing event s．

F．Luckily, re search show s there i s a lot you can do to avoid tho se moment s．

G．In other word s, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain．

根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，。选项中有两项多余选项。

A：Why do you look so sad?

B：Because I have a lot of trouble with my English．I can hardly pass the exam every time．　　1　　

A：Don't worry．　　2　　

B：No, I only read English before the exam．

A：Ah, that's the problem．If you want to study it well, you must read it every day．

B：Every day?

A：　　3　　

B：OK．I'll take your advice．　　4　　

A：All right．I'd like to．But in fact I still have some trouble with English, too．　　5　　

A．Will you help me with it?

B．Let's help each other．

C．I'll try my best to learn it well．

D．Yes．Your English teacher must be happy to hear that．

E．I really don't know what to do．

F．Sure, or you can never make it．

G．Do you read English every day?

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

　　●Get a flu shot, particularly if you are 50 or over．In addition, consider a flu shot if you are in regular contact with many people, especially if you live in a dormitory or work in an open-plan office, where hundreds of people are coughing and sneezing in a common area．

　　●　　1　　 One recent study found that families whose children in daycare were immunized had 42％ fewer infections with fever than those whose children weren't immunized．

　　●Wash your hands frequently and thoroughly．A quick washing won't do the trick．　　2　　

　　●Keep your hands away from your face to reduce the chance of delivering viruses directly to your eyes or nose．　　3　　

　　●Make certain you’re getting vitamin E and other complex vitamins and minerals including A, C and B．These have properties(特性)that improve immune response．　　4　　

　　●Don't smoke．Smoke stops the hair like cells in the nose and airways from sweeping incoming viruses away before they can infect people．

　　●Use paper handkerchiefs, not cloth handkerchiefs to reduce spread of infection．

　　●Reduce stress．Research has shown that immune responses are weakened by stress．

　　●Get seven to nine hours of sleep a night．Lack of sleep can reduce your immune response．

　　●　　5　　 Longtime heavy drinkers suffer from more colds and flu than others do, and even regular moderate use of alcohol can weaken immune response．

A．Children who are in a large family are easy to get flu．

B．To kill germs, experts recommend washing with soap for 15 to 30 seconds．

C．One study found that people typically touched their face fifteen times in an hour．

D．Many people are used to touching their faces when the flu is spreading．

E．Discuss with your doctor whether to immunize(使免疫)your children in daycare．

F．Studies on older mice have shown that those with reduced levels of vitamin E were more likely to be infected．

G．Reduce alcohol consumption(消费量)．

改写后的课文内容填空。

　　Last month, I was lucky enough to have a c 　　1　　 to make a trip into space with my friend．Before we left, I was told that the force of g 　　2　　 would change three times on our j 　　3　　 and that the first change would be the most powerful．Then we took off．As we l 　　4　　 the earth, I was very heavy, and gradually the weight l 　　5　　 ．When I was in space, it d 　　6　　 ．We f 　　7　　 weightlessly in the cabin．It was so exciting that I c 　　8　　 up．When I was on the moon, I was surprised to find out that even walking needed lots of practice now that gravity changed．

　　Leaving the moon's gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth's．But returning to the earth was very f 　　9　　 ．We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the s 　　10　　 as the earth's gravity increased!