中考英语“情景交际”命题原则与方法

 

黑龙江省绥棱县克音河中学 谷俊明

 

    摘要:中考英语以书面形式考查“说”的技能是一种有效的途径,因为口试目前难以操作,难以做到公平、公正。本文结合实例阐述中考“情景交际”试题的命题的原则和方法。

    关键词:情景交际;命题;原则;方法

 

情景交际题用于考查说的技能,通过书面形式呈现语境,让考生从口头的角度传达信息、完成相关任务。由于实施大规模的口试还很困难,还没能在中考中全面铺开,所以书面笔试形式还是考查口语表达能力的首选。

王才仁教授在《英语教学的实质是交际》一文中谈到:“交际”一词的英语是communication,原意是“共享”、“共有”,现在释义为the exchange of ideas, feelings and information,即思想、感情和信息的交流,这是根据社会发展做出的新界定。可见,交际教学是多么地重要。优化中考口语表达能力测试题型,对交际教学将会起到极大的反拨作用。

 

一、设计情景交际试题应遵循的几个原则

1、  体现互动性,让学生在作答过程中体验到自己是交谈中的角色。

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2、  对功能意念项目的考查可采用选择式,题干呈现小情境。

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3、  选编的对话要自然,符合基本的英语表达习惯。

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4、  对话内容应适合学生的年龄特点、生活经历和社会实践。

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5、  可用小对话,考查正确运用日常交际用语的能力。

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6、  针对话题对话可采用开放性的填空形式,为自主交流创造机会与空间。

 

 

(一)             选择式

【例1】选择适当的语句完成小对话

-I’ve passed the exam.

-______

A. Congratulations!                         B. Bad luck!

C. Thank you for telling me                D. It’s nothing.

(考查项目:祝贺用语)

【例2】选择正确的应答(我省的情景交际A题)

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二、情景交际试题型及命题办法

1. Oh, no. You needn’t write it again. It’s good composition except for the spelling mistakes.

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2. Take the medicine, and you’ll be all right in one or two weeks.

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3. Are you all right? It’s so late. We were worrying all the time.

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4. I wonder if I could trouble you a few minutes, Mr Simpson.

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5. I’d like to set my watch. It stopped again. What’s the date?

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6. It seems to me popular music is terrible. The singers all act strangely. They shout instead of singing.

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7. Slow down, Bret. I see a police car behind us.

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8. Would you like me to check on the computer to see if it’s been taken out?

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9. We’ll meet at 6:30 in the restaurant. Will that be fine with you?

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10. Oh, come on. Look on the bright side. You can have a good rest for a few days and find a better job.

 

A. I’m sorry. I’m quite all right, but my car isn’t.

B. Certainly. What is it?

C. Yes, it’ll be OK with me.

D. I will do better next time.

E. I’m afraid I can’t agree with you.

F. Yes, please do.

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G. It’s June 19.

H. I hope so.

I. My goodness!

J. I wish I could be all right tomorrow.

 

(Key:1-5 DJABG 6-10 EIFCH)

 

【例3】七选五

A: I decide to improve my English from now on.

B: Oh, really? (1) ________________

A: The best time to read English is morning. So I want to read English for an hour in the early morning.

B: (2) __________________

A: And I want to learn English on TV.

B: (3) _________________

A: I want to do more exercises and keep a diary in English every day.

B : (4) _________________

A: Yes. (5) _________________

B: Great! But you see, you spend so much time learning English every day. Then what are you going to do with the other subjects?

A: I’ve no idea.

 

A. Why do you plan to do so?

B. How do you like my plan?

C. Is that all?

D. What are you going to do?

E. Oh, that's a very good idea.

F. Do you need any help?

G. Anything else?

 

(Key:1-5 DEGCB)

 

【例4】完形填空

A: Oh, dear. I can’t fix this seat-belt.

B: (1)______

A: Oh, thank you.

B: It’s very easy, like this… (2)______

A: Oh, no. I flew from New York to Paris once, but it was a long time ago.

B: I see. (3)______

A: Yes. I’m going to see my little grandson.

B: Oh, that’s nice.

A: Yes, my daughter lives in Australia and I live in New York, so I don’t see her very often.

  She married an Australian, you know.

B: That’s nice. And (4)______

A: He’s only four months old. I’m so excited.

B: I’m sure you are. I love children, and I have a daughter myself. She’s two years old.

A: How lovely! And do you live in Sydney?

B: No, I live in Ireland, but I go to Australia twice a year on business.

A: Oh, dear! What’s that noise?

B: Don’t worry. (5)______

A: I see.

 

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1. A. What’s wrong?                                                B. Can I help you?

  C. Who can fix the seat-belt?                         D. It’s broken. Let me help mend it.

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2. A. Is this your first flight?                             B. How often do you fly to Australia

  C. Now, can you fix it?                             D. Have you ever been to Australia?

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3. A. Are you going to see your grandson?         B. Are you going to stay in Sydney?

  C. Where are you going?                  

D. Are you going to stay in New York?

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4. A. What’s your grandson’s name?                  B. How is your grandson?

  C. How old is your grandson?                       D. Is your grandson four months?

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5. A. We’re in Australia now.                                   B. I have fixed the seat-belt for you.

  C. The plane will land.                                 D. We’re going to take off.

 

(Key:1-5 BABCD)

 

本题型设题角度灵活,较补全话题对话涉及项目更宽泛。为了使语境充分,对话信息语

句可以稍多一些,体现情景的真实性。例1的空格后最好不加标点,这样设置选项不受标点限制。

 

(二)填空式

【例1】用词填空

Ann : Hello . is Tina there ?

    Tina : Hello, Ann. (1)       is Tina.

    Ann : Could I borrow your CD player tomorrow, please?

    Tina : Sorry. It’s not a very good (2)         . Could you speak more loudly, please?

    Ann : Sure. I said, could I borrow your CD player , please ? Mine is (3)         .

    Tina : Of course. (4)    4     do you want it?

    Ann : Tomorrow if possible.

    Tina : OK. I’ll (5)         it to school in the morning.

    Ann : Thanks! Bye.

 

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(Key: 1. This  2. line  3. broken  4. When  5. bring)

 

【例2】用词语或句子填空(词数不限)

A: Something terrible happened to me this morning.

B: ­­­What ________________________________________(1)?

A: I got a ticket from a policeman.

B: Were _______________________ (2)?

A: No. ­­­The police gave me a ticket for littering.

B: Oh, I’ve warned(警告) you about that. I’ve seen you littering a few times before. I thought _____________________ (3).

A: All I was doing was drinking a bottle of Coke.

B: ­­­And ________________________ (4)?

A: Well…I threw it on the ground.

B: ­­­I’m afraid ______________________ (5). So you’ll have to….

A: Er…I’ll have to pay for it.

B: How much is it?

A: It’s 50 yuan. A lot of money for not throwing my empty bottle in the garbage(垃圾) box.

B: Yes, but that will teach you not to litter any more.

 

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[Key:1. happened / is that 2. you driving too fast  3. I thought you’d get caught sometime. (or: I thought you would be punished sometime.)  4. And what did you do with the empty can? (or: And where did you put the empty can?)  5. I’m afraid you’ve done wrong. (or: I’m afraid you have made a mistake. I’m afraid you are wrong.]

 

【例3】用句子填空

 (Mrs White-W, Bill-B)

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W: Hello, 82016496.

B: Hello. (1)__________________________________?

W: Sorry. (2)__________________________________. Can I take a message?

B: Yes. This is Bill, Mike’s friend. I want to ask him for some Chinese stamps. He told me he had got some recently. I just want to add some Chinese stamps to my collection.

W: OK, I’ll tell him. (3)__________________________________?

B: Well, I won’t be home later today. Would you please ask him to ring me tomorrow morning?

W: Sure. Has he got your telephone number?

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B: Oh, sorry. (4)__________________________________. The new number is 86733558.

W: OK. I’ll leave a message on his desk.

B: (1)__________________________________. Thank you very much. Bye.

W: Bye.

 

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(Key:1. May/Can/Could I speak to Mike, please?  2. He isn’t in at the moment. / He is out at the moment.  3. Would you like him to ring you back later? / Could you tell him to ring you back later?  4. My number has been changed.  5. It’s really nice of you.)

 

例1虽然是填空题,但答案有唯一性,可视为客观性试题。例2和例3答案词数不限、有弹性、不唯一,是个主观性试题,近两年各省市用的较多。考虑使用“一意多种表达”,如例3。又如“好久没见”常用有I haven’t seen you for long. / It’s a long time since we met last time. / Long time no see. 三个说法。

尽管书面形式考查口语存在着无法评价语音语调、手势表情、即兴反应,但是因便于操作、评分客观公正,我们还是要得到足够的重视。

 

参考文献

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布莱恩?佩特利支(Brian Paitridge). 2004. 英语: 怎样才能学好英语?[N]. 北京: 中国教育报, 2004-12-10 (6).

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陈琳,王蔷,程晓堂. 2003. 英语课程标准解读 [M]. 北京:北京师范大学出版社.

教育部. 中考命题指导?英语 [M]. 南京:江苏教育出版社.

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吕良环. 2003. 外语课程与教学论 [M]. 杭州:浙江教育出版社.

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武尊民. 2002. 英语测试的理论与实践 [M]. 北京:外语教学与研究出版社.

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杨钟琳. 1992. 英语测试的原则与方法 [M]. 杭州:杭州大学出版社.

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中国教育学会外语教学专业委员会. 2004. 习思五级评价标准 [M]. 长春:吉林教育出版社.

 

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