08理综化学高考的启示与09复习策略
???陕西省宝鸡市石油中学 冯秋红 （721002）
摘要：从近年来的理综化学高考命题“实施知识立意向能力立意转化”的趋势，结合现状分析探讨化学教学中存在的不足，论述教学重心由注重知识传输转向注重能力培养的迫切性和可行性。指导处理好知识与能力的辨正关系，提高化学教学效率,促进素质教育的全面实施。
关键词：化学 高考 启示 对策
每年有一次“地震”,高考就是震源。对教学，对管理，对学生，对老师都会有震感，使中国教育在反思，在探索……而今年是有强烈震感的，2008年理综（陕西卷）着实让陕西考生郁闷了一把，尤其是一直以“容易”面孔出现的化学试题难度陡然增加，绊倒了不少考生。结合试题盘点，我们不难发现以下显著的特点。
1、高考化学试题打破了知识板块壁垒，加大了学科内知识整合力度，涌现出大量将实验与元素化合物知识、计算知识相结合，有机化合物知识和有关计算相结合，定性分析和定量计算相结合的试题，昭示出清晰的命题指向；如26题将化学的基本理论、元素化合物知识、化学实验以及化学计算综合在一起考查，就表现出此类特点。
2、出题的意图，实施知识立意向能力立意转化，这是高考主攻方向。试卷中越来越多的试题由知识型考查转向能力型考查，对知识点的要求难度降低，但能力要求更高。如现在高考题中很少在知识深度上做文章，往往是把书本上的知识点与生产实际、日常生活、工业流程联系起来，所以，虽说有关的知识点并不难，但它要求学生的阅读能力、联系实际的能力要进一步提高。如26题注重考核学生的能力，学生只有具备较好的阅读能力，才能理解、分析所给信息，并利用所获得的信息去解决问题。考生如果阅读能力较差，往往会看不懂题目，一旦读懂题意后，化学方面的知识点并不难，将游刃有余。
3、出题角度改变，带来试题亮点，信息能力、图表信息分析题、开放题有所增加，通过改造、扩充、延伸传统试题，稳定试卷难度，同时向“题海”战术提出挑战；在看似简单的背景知识下，创新设问方式和答题指向，考查出考生思维的灵活性、广阔性和全面性。对学生运用知识解决问题的能力进行考查。高考中的有些信息可能是考生没有学过，它可能涉及到化学基本理论、元素及其化合物以及某些具体反应等等。28题的化学实验本身并不难，难在物质的推断上，它保持了近几年来源于教材实验的风格点。它要求考生首先要接受试题所给出的信息，其次将试题所给出的信息与课内所学的知识点相结合起来，最后在仔细了解本题的要求后迅速、全面、正确地给与回答。实验原理来自教材内容，实验装置高于教材，但却基础、新颖，虽然物质PbO未学过，不过与该物质PbO的相应分数并不多，只是方程式的书写，许多考生受思维定势影响，非要将Mz中的M推倒出来，以至于一条道走到黑，学的太死，无法得出正确结论；对于只会机械读书、机械应用书本知识的考生来说，就不是那么容易得分了。
根据以上特点，给了我们教学以下启示：素质教育已经不再只是单纯的提倡口号，而是当今教育的实实在在的必须，高考既是对人才的选拔，也是对我们平日教学成果的考查。通过理论与实际的联系，在分析和解决具体问题的情境中，考查学生的“双基”掌握程度和知识综合运用能力，仍是高考化学命题的主要指向。这就要求我们教学中必须立足双基，重视能力培养，在提高学生素质上下功夫。那么如何才能实现这一愿望呢？
1、扎扎实实抓“双基”教学
立足双基，网络化知识结构，打破条块分割，系统化的学习练习。把（Ⅰ）卷（Ⅱ）卷中“送分送到手”的题先牢固抓住在基础上求变、求新、求灵活。在平时教学中，应在打好基础、培养能力上做文章，帮助学生形成条理化、有序化、网络化的知识结构，改变“题海战术”的训练模式，有意识地把教学过程变为化学思维活动的过程，充分调动学生思维活动的积极性，在习题教学中增强交互性，解题后注意反思。不断完善提高发展能力。
2、理论联系实际，活学活用在能力培养上下功夫。
化学基本知识、基本技能是每年化学高考试题的基本出发点，但试题的呈现往往灵活多变，这就要求我们对每个知识点应有所突破，不应停留在听起来都懂，做起来都不会，那样是浮于表面的“死”知识，是经不起考验的。在高考复习过程中应通过适当的化学问题与练习，不断的自我反思，体会以不变应万变的感觉，并在变中的思考时有依据可循，若没有固着点，则会因出题情形的改变而使考生做题时没有头绪、思路。因此虽说近几年高考各方面能力要求在提高，但能力的提高不是一句空话，而应该是在狠抓基础知识，对知识点能有所突破，有所参悟，从而达到提高思维能力的结果。
中学化学中的创新教育不是去开拓和创新未知的知识和知识体系，而是创设一定条件和氛围，引导、启发学生去模拟、探究原科学家的实践活动过程，发现“新”现象，通过联想、判断、推理和综合分析，归纳出物质呈现如此现象的本质和规律，化学是一门以实验为基础的学科，在平时教学过程中，要充分利用化学实验或其它直观条件激发学生的观察兴趣，引导学生掌握基本的观察方法，把观察和思维紧密地结合起来，使学生养成良好的观察习惯。如在引导学生观察实验仪器时，要求学生弄清实验仪器的各结构名称、使用方法与使用条件；观察实验现象时，要求学生从整体到局部，从静到动，从反应物到生成物的状态，要弄清观察对象的主要特征及变化情况，引导学生从化学现象中发现问题、提出问题、分析问题和解决问题。同时，教师要在实验时留有“空白”和“开发区”，引导学生去发现，去创新，锻炼自己的创新实践能力。把所学的知识和现实生活联系起来，学以致用，以用促学，在不断的探索中发展能力，提高素质。
一年一度的高考备受世人关注, 无论从整体看,从个体看还是从命题看,升学竞争实际上已是全面素质的竞争。化学科高考命题其主要功能在于选拔优秀学生，并指导中学化学教学。因而在命题原则上体现出既有利于为高校选拔优秀学生，又有利于对中学教学起到良好的导向作用。因此，研究和分析近年来的高考试卷，对于今年乃至今后的教学走向和高考复习指导具有十分重要的作用。对改变“应试教育”，实施素质教育,提高化学教学效率是一个很好的促进。
江西省白鹭洲中学08―09年度高二英语下学期第一次月考试卷
命题人： 刘丽兰 审题人： 胡苗琴
第Ⅰ卷（三部分，共115分）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题目所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Why does the woman go to the city?
A、To meet her father.
B、To stay here. C、To find a job.
2．What is Frank planning to do?
A、Move to a big city.
B、Become a teacher. C、Go back to school.
3．What does the woman mean?
A、The plan will be put off if it is raining.
B、The plan will be cancelled if it is raining.
C、The plan will be carried out whether it is raining or not.
4．How many languages does BBC World Service use?
A、34. B、35. C、36.
5．Where is the woman’s mother now?
A、At home. B、In hospital. C、At work.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的听第6段材料，回答6至8题。
6．What are the two speakers going to do now?
A、To eat something.
B、To call their friend. C、To walk around town.
7．Why does the man want the woman to meet Howard?
A、He is a funny man.
B、He is the hotel manager. C、He is leaving the town soon.
8．When will the two spekers meet Howard?
A、Before 1:00 B、At 12:
听第7段材料，回答9至11题。
9．Why does Alice call Don?
A、Don’s dog barks a lot.
B、Don is quarrelling with his wife.
C、Don’s dog gives off a strange smell.
10．How does Don feel at first when he gets the phone?
A、Regretful. B、Surprised. C、Annoyed.
11．What will Don probably do after the conversation?
A、To go on sleeping. B、To go out a moment.
C、To feed his dog.
听第8段材料，回答12至14题。
12．What did the man blame air pollution at first?
A、Cars. B、People. C、Factories.
13．Why did the woman dislike the man driving to school?
A、He made travelling inconvenient.
B、He missed a lot of exercise.
C、He spent too much money on his car.
14．What is the relationship between the speakers?
A、Husband and wife. B、Student and techer.
C、Boss and employee.
听第9段材料，回答15至17题。
15．What do you think Robert Redford is?
A、An actor. B、The man’s boss.
C、The manager of the cinema.
16．What can we learn about Saturday?
A、It will be sunny. B、They will stay home that day.
C、A good film will be on that day.
17．What will they do before they go out to the movies on Saturday?
A、Meet Ed and Jean. B、Play tennis.
C、Have a big dinner outside.
听第10段材料，回答18至20题。
18．Who is the speaker most probably talking to?
A、Some tourists. B、Some students. C、Some researchers.
19．When will the group of people probably get up tomorrow?
A、At 5:00 am. B、At 5:30 am. C、At 6:00 am.
20．What shouldn’t they take tomorrow?
A、The map. B、Warm clothes. C、Video cameras.
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21．---- I didn’t pass the English exam.
---- next time, and you’ll succeed.
A、Working hard B、Work hard
C、To work hard D、With hard work
22．We were all shocked at the news that he was in prison.
A、the; the B、the; a C、/; / D、the; /
23．Excuse me, six, Mr white has arrived, he wait outside or just come in ?
A、Shall B、May C、Could D、Must
24．I really don’t know I had my money stolen.
A、it was where that B、when was it that
C、where it was that D、that it was when
25．When running around the corner, Mike was in with another boy.
A、contact B、connection C、collision D、conflict
26． by the rising price of gas, many car owners use their cars less frequently.
A、Driven B、Being driven
C、To drive D、Having driven
27．Everyone arrived Late at the party, for reasons.
A、a number of B、a great deal of
C、a variety of D、Large guantities of
28．----Why didn’t you go fishing with your friends yesterday ?
----Well, fishing is a hobby which a great deal of patience, which I don’t have .
A、calls in B、calls for
C、calls up D、calls on
29．He has put up a private company, but he in the college for about 15years.
A、works B、has been working
C、worked D、had worked
30．We agreed to accept they thought was the best tourist guide.
A、whoever B、whomever
C、whatever D、whichever
31．I tried to call on you last week but your dog simply not let me come throgh the gate.
A、could B、would C、might D、should
32．The marine organisms take the density of water is great.
A、use of B、advantage,with
C、disadvantage of D、advantage, of
33．The book was boring, it wasn’t to me.
A、benefit B、benefited
C、benefiting D、of benefit
34． , his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.
A、As is believed B、It is believed
C、He is believed that D、Who believed that
35．Mum had to cook different courses for Mike , for his tastes are .
A、various B、variety C、vary D、varied
第二节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Nowadays lots of students ask their parents for money to buy things they like. For me, to ask for money is like entering a(n) 36 . I learned this from 37 .
Last year my mother told me that the 38 way I would get my driver’s license before I turned eighteen depended on 39 I paid for the classes myself. “What ?”I asked in 40 .Judging by the look on my mother’s face, I knew 41 that my reasoning would have no 42 on the situation.
Three weeks later, I started working 43 a hostess at a factory, twice a week. A month later I paid $270 for driving lessons, and then over $20 to 44 my permit test ?all paid for by 45 other than yours truly. My pockets were empty 46 as soon as they were filled.
My mother thought that I’d be 47 to do things without her help. The funny thing was that even though I was totally 48 in the beginning. I truly appreciated it, 49 if I had just been handed bills from her.
When I realized that my mother wasn’t going to 50 something like a driver’s license, at first, it seemed as if she had put an immovable 51 before me and I would never 52 it. But my mother was 53 . She knew that I wanted a luxury(奢侈品) but 54 me to get it. That is as 55 as this―if I really want it, I’ll find a way to get it myself.
36．A、office B、prison C、battlefield D、bank
37．A、facts B、experience C、lessons D、quarrels
38．A、best B、proper C、same D、only
39．A、whether B、that C、how D、when
40．A、trouble B、disbelief C、comfort D、horror
41．A、hurriedly B、jokingly C、instantly D、unexpectedly
42．A、effect B、sense C、effort D、result
43．A、with B、for C、like D、as
44．A、pass B、take C、hold D、gain
45．A、all B、any C、none D、some
46．A、almost B、even C、still D、yet
47．A、ready B、likely C、unhappy D、unable
48．A、terrified B、annoyed C、tired D、disturbed
49．A、more than B、rather than C、no more D、no longer
50．A、pay B、raise C、buy D、fund
51．A、stone B、log C、block D、mass
52．A、get about B、get by C、get through D、get over
53．A、wise B、mistaken C、strict D、kind
54．A、dared B、forced C、encouraged D、expected
55．A、well B、far C、soon D、simple
第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题; 每小题2分,满分40分)
A
Scientists have discovered 11 new species of plants and animals in Vietnam, including a snake, two butterflies and five orchid varieties, the World Wildife Fund said Wednesday.
The new species were found in a remote region known as the “Green Corridor” in Thua Thien Hue province in central Vietnam, the international conservation group said. “You can only discover so many new species in very special places, and the Green Corridor is one of them,”Chris Dickinson, the WWF’s chief technical adviser in the region, said in a statement.
The new snake species, the white-lipped keel back, generally lives near streams and eats frogs and other small animals, the WWF said . It has a yellow-white stripe along its head, red dots on its body and can grow to more than 30 inches long.
The new butterfly species are among eight discovered in Thua Thien Hue since 1996. One is a “skipper”, a butterfly that flies in a quick, darting motion.
Three of the new orchid species are leafless, which is unusual for orchids, the WWF said. The other new plant species include one in the aspidistra family, which produces a black flower and can exist in low light ,and arum(海芋属植物), which produces yellow flowers surrounded by funnelshaped leaves.
“It’s great news for Vietnam,” said Bernard O’Callaghan, Vietnam program coordinator for the World Conservation Union. “The jungles and mountains of Vietnam are fascinating places and they continue to surprise scientists.” The WWF said all the new species are exclusive to tropical forests in Vietnam’s Annamits mountain range. It said all the species in the area are under threat from illegal logging, hunting and development.
56．Which would be the best title for this text?
A、New Plants and Animals in Vietnam
B、Importance of New Species in Vietnam
C、Great News for Vietnam
D、New Plant and Animal Species Found in Vietnam
57．Which of the following is NOT false according to the passage?
A、The new snake species was found in the “Green Corridor” in eastern Vietnam.
B、Chris Dickinson probably believes that the above mentioned species exist nowhere else in the world but tropical forests in Vietnam’s Annamits mountain range.
C、The newly-found snake species lives near streams and eats small animals except frogs.
D、The Green Corridor is the only special place to discover so many new species.
58．By saying “The jungles and mountains of Vietnam are fascinating places and they continue to surprise scientists”,the author intends to .
A、express that scientists often get surprised at such jungles and mountains
B、warn people against walking in the jungles and mountains
C、say that scientists are eager to make important finds in the jungles and mountains
D、tell readers that scientists are afraid to go to these fascinating places
59．All these statements are true EXCEPT .
A、“skipper” is one of the new butterfly species that can fly quickly
B、the new butterfly species was originally discovered in 1996
C、an arum is not a branch of the new orchid species
D、the local government has taken effective measures to protect these rare species
B
The Australian continent is a land like no other. Its animals, plants and landscapes have evolved (演化) over one thousand years, and there are about a million different natural species （物种）in Australia. More than 80 per cent of the country’s plants and animals are unique to Australia, along with most of the fish and almost half the birds.
Australia has more than 140 species of marsupials (有袋动物)，including koalas, wombats and the Tasmanian devil, now found only in the Australian wilderness. More than 750 species of birds have been recorded in Australia, 350 of which are found nowhere else in the world. Among them are the kookaburra, the rainbow lorikeet and fairy penguins. There are also 55 differernt species of macropods―the kangaroo family―native to Australia. They vary greatly in size and weight, ranging from half a kilogram to 90 kilograms.
The country has been making every effort to protect its natural heritage. Despite the large size of the continent, the majority of Australians live on the coast and in major cities―around 75 per cent of Australia’s population lives in city areas.
Australia is the driest continent on earth. Its center has one of the lowest rainfalls in the world and about three-quarters of the land is dry. These dry areas extend from the large central deserts to the western coast. Soils in these areas are very poor compared to other deserts. This has given Australians a great challenge.They have to make the best use of the variety of regions to meet the competing demands of agriculture, economy and conservation.
60．What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A、Australia is a very large country.
B、Australia has a very long history.
C、Australia has its unique natural species.
D、Australia has the largest number of plants and animals in the
world.
61．Wombats and the Tasmanian devil are the names of .
A、plants B、animals C、places D、people
62．About kinds of birds can only be found in Australia.
A、140 B、350 C、400 D、750
63．Most of Australians live .
A、in the middle of the country B、in the countryside
C、in the west of the country D、in the coastal cities
C
In a survey of 1,500 European hotel managers, Americans were ranked second, behind the Japanese, as the world's best tourists. In the survey, conducted in April by the online travel site Expedia's German branch, Americans were seen as the most likely to try to speak a foreign language and the most interested in sampling local food.
Americans came in third, behind the Japanese and British, as the "most polite" tourists, and third, behind the Japanese and Germans, as "best behaved." And - we're sure this has nothing to do with how the hotel managers view Americans - Americans were ranked far and away as the world's most generous tippers and biggest spenders.
On the other hand, Americans were seen as the shabbiest dressers, the most likely to complain and the second noisiest. Who's louder? Only the Italians.
Some of the other findings: Russians were seen as the least polite travelers, followed by the Israelis and French. The stingiest tippers: the Germans, followed by the French and Israelis.
Italians, by far, were ranked as the best dressers, followed by the French and Spanish. In terms of bad dressing, the British were a distant second to Americans, followed by the Germans.
Who's the most unwilling to try speaking in a foreign language? The French, the British and the Italians, in that order.
The Chinese are the most reluctant to sample foreign food, followed closely by - this is strange - the British, whose home cuisine is probably the world's most seriously laughed at (a little unfairly, perhaps.)
And, finally, the overall award for "worst tourists in the world" goes to the French, with the Indians and Chinese taking home the silver and bronze, respectively.
64．The writer presents the passage here hoping to ________.
A．praise some travelers
B．criticize some travelers
C．present the result of a survey
D．encourage people to travel
65．Considering the best behaviour, the tourists ranking second are from _______.
A．Britain B．America C．Japan D．Germany
66．According to the survey, the worst dressers in tourists are ____.
A．the British B．Americans C．the Germans D．the Spanish
67．The underlined word “cuisine” can be replaced by ________.
A．cooking B．decoration
C．education D．management
D
Two University of Oklahoma scientists are starting research that they hope will someday lead to the development of a vaccine（疫苗） to fight against the HIV Virus, which causes AIDS.
The research, to be carried out by Mark Lang, an assistant professor at the OU Health Sciences Center, and microbiologist John West , will examine the basic aspects of the immune system, rather than the complex aspects of the virus.
They theorize that if a key function of the body’s immune system can be found exactly, it could be the first step toward developing a vaccine.
“To develop a new vaccine, we realzed we first have to study and understand the immune system,” Lang said.
Lang said their work will focus on researching the basic antibody responses from Natural Killer―like T―cells . A potential vaccine would contain NKT cells and would improve the immune system’s antibodies, which fight outside invaders such as HIV by preventing them from entering cells or giving the immune system enough of a boost to kill them.
NKT cells, which have been a part of research into cancer and other diseases, have not previously been the focus of HIV research, Lang said.
The research will last 18 months, with tests being performed on mice. The Oklahoma Center is giving $300,000 toward the research, and if the research proves promising, Lang and West will apply to the National Institutes of Health for more funding.
“If we are successful, we will have made an important contribution to the field, but we will still be several steps away from an effective vaccine, ” Lang said.
Lang said that in a best ?case scenario (最好的情况)their research could lead to a vaccine ready for use in about four years.
68．The research to be carried out will focus on .
A、the immune system B、the test performed on mice
C、NKT cells D、the HIV virus
69．The underlined part“a boost ” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “ ”.
A、growth in size B、an amount of time
C、a great number D、an increase in power
70．We can infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 8 that .
A、other researchers need to help them
B、the research seems to be a failure
C、further research needs to be done
D、the vaccine can kill all viruses
71．What would be the best title for the passage?
A、Two Researchers Begin To Study the Immune System
B、NKT Cells Have Been a Part of Research into Cancer
C、The Relationship Between the Immune System and HIV
D、Two Scientists Work To Develop Hiv Vaccine
E
Middle school teachers in the United States are noticing a new generation of errors coming into their pupils’essays, Associated Press has reported.
An increasing number of students hand in classwork containing words that may confuse adults. For example, they wrote “I WUNT TUBAROXTR” for “I want to be a rock star” and “DLERES PCNU” for“delicious pumpkin”. Middle school theachers say they most frequently encounter “b/c” for “because”, “w/o” for “without” and “4-ever” for “forever”.
Those simple abbreviations (缩略词) and phonetic spellings are known as “instant messaging-speak” (即时消息式语言) or “IM-speak”. Today these words have become so common in children’s social lives that they are finding their way into essays and other writing assignments.
However, the rise of informal communication through e-mail, Internet blogs and cell phone text messaging has not stopped school teachers from telling students the importance of spelling.
“We’ve got a strict policy so they can be penalized for that―we don’t allow it. We talk about the four levels of the language: slang (俚语), colloquial (口语), informal and formal, which apply to both spoken and written language,” said Beverly Arnold, chairwoman of the English and language arts depart-ment at Owasso High School, Oklahoma.
“I think it’s critically important―for both formal and informal communication. We teach kids that they need to learn to exist in a world outside their social networks, and that repuires them to use proper grammar and spelling when they speak and write,” said Marsha Edmonds, director of curriculum in the Tulsa Public Schools, Tulsa, Oklahoma.
Teachers use different strategies to teach spelling than they did 20 years ago, Edmonds explained. Instead of giving students random (随意的) lists of words to master, teachers now draw on vocabulary from the literature their classes are studying or subject matter being covered in science and social studies.
But some educators, like David Warlick, 54, of Raleigh, North Carolina, see the growing young band of instant messengers as a phenomenon that should be celebrated. Teachers should cradit their stuents with inventing a new language ideal for communicating in a high-tech world, said Warlick, who has written three books on technology in the classroom.
72．Many adults feel when seeing the “IM-speak” like “b/c”, “w/o” and “4-ever”.
A、interested B、puzzled C、worried D、disappointed
73．According to Marsha Edmonds, .
A、spelling is only important for formal communication
B、students need to learn to live in their social networks
C、we have four levels of the language: slang, colloquial,
informal and formal
D、students should use proper grammar and spelling when they speak and write
74．Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A、“IM-speak” is becoming increasingly popular in teenagers’lives.
B、Students in the past spent less time in memorizing the new words.
C、Beverly Arnold is very strict with her students.
D、Teachers used to give students random lists of words to remember.
75．It can be inferred from the passage that .
A、all the teachers say “NO”to “IM-speak”
B、school teachers don’t do enough to stop students from using
“IM-speak”
C、teachers still use old-fashioned methods to teach spelling
nowadays
D、David Warlick is a man who enjoys trying new things
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：对话填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面对话，掌握其大意，并根据所给的首字母的提示，在标有题号的右边横线上写出一个英语单词的完整、正确的形式，使对话通顺。
A：Wow, you coat’s very dirty. Did you fall?
B：Yes, I had a terrible 76. e on the underground train when I was on the 77. w to work.A man came up to me and pulled out a knife. He 78.P it right at me.
A：Oh, no. Are you all right? Did he 79. h you ?
B：No. he didn’t, but he took my handbag.
A：Then what happened? What did you do ?
B：I 80. c hold of his arm and he pushed me to the floor.
A：Oh,no. Why did you take his arm ? That’s 81. d .
B：I don’t know. I didn’t think.
A：What did the other 82.P do ? Did they help you ?
B：Yes. Two men ran 83. a the robber and held him.
A：Did the police come?
B：Yes, the police were called and two policemen came and took the 84. r to the 85.P Station.
第二节： 书面表达（满分25分）
假如你是班长，你们学校本周日将组织一次参观首都博物馆的活动，请你写一个口头通知。相关内容如下：
安排：8：00在学校大门口集合，集体乘车去首都博物馆；
8：40在导游的带领下参观首都博物馆；
12：00参观结束，集体乘车返回学校。
要求：1、参观过程中请自觉遵守公共秩序；
2、馆内禁止拍照；
3、参观后每人写一篇感想。
注意：1、词数：100左右；
2、可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3、通知的开头已为你写好。
Dear students,
Attention, please!
衡水中学2008―2009学年第一学期第四次调研考试
高三年级化学试卷
本试卷包含两部分，第一部分为客观题，共30个题，50分，将答案填涂到答题卡上；第二部分为主观题，共7个题，60分，将答案答在答题纸上。请注意答题时间为110分钟。
可能用到的相对原子质量： H：
Cu：64Mg：24 Ca：40 Fe： 56 Ag：108 Au：197
江西省白鹭洲中学08-09学年高二下学期第一次月考
生 物 试 题
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H3O+ + CO32－
16．反应N2O4(g) 
B．
C．
D．
A．
B．
C． D．
Ⅰ．蛋白质中的氮（用氨基表示）在强热和CuSO4、浓H2SO4
作用下，生成一种无机含氮化合物，反应式为： 
2NH2－ + H2SO4
+ 2H+ 
Ⅱ．该无机化合物在凯氏定氮器中与碱作用，通过蒸馏释放出NH3，收集于H3BO3
溶液中，生成(NH4)2B4O7。