2009高三英语词法类复习
一. 冠 词
1. 冠词的泛指和特指用法
泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物．也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。冠词的泛指和特指用法可归纳为下表：
单数可数名词一定要用冠词 泛指单一，每一，仁义事物
指类别
特指 上文提到过的事物
被限制性修饰语所限定的事物
说话双方所默认的事物
世界上独一无二的事物
指类别
复数可数名词不可数名词 特指 上文提到过的事物
被限制性修饰语所限定的事物
说话双方所默认的事物
零冠词 泛指的一些事物
指类别
不定冠词修饰可数名词．其意思为"一个"；定冠词既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，往往表特指．其意思相当于"这个"，单数可数名词只要不用在抽象化的语境中，一定要加冠词(或者加不定冠词，或者加定冠词)。这时不妨可用"一个"或"这个(种)"来检验。
（1）---Have you seen _____ pen? I left it here this morning.
---Is it _____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a
（2）Most animal have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; /
2．不定冠词a(n)的几种特殊用法
（1）不定冠词a(n)用于有或没有形容词修饰的抽象名词前。
Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
许多人都持相同的看法，在当前国际贸易交往中，英语知识是必备的知识。
（2）不定冠词s(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日二餐前。
Before I go to work every morning, I've a light breakfast.
我每天早晨上班前．吃点简单的早餐。
（3）不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的季节、日期前。
The traffic accident happened on a Sunday towards the end of July.
车祸是7月底的一个星期天发生的。
（4）不定冠词a(n)用于序数词前，表示一次，又一。
How important it is to learn a second language!
再学一门语言是多么重要啊!
（5）不定冠词a(n)表示"per"的意思。
His income is one thousand yuan a month.
他的月收入是1000元。
（6）不定冠词a(n)用于有good／great many修饰的名词复数前。
I've visited the Great Wall a good many times.
我参观过长城好多次。 '
（7）不定冠词a(n)用于形式为复数，但意义仍为单数的名词前。
A thousand miles is a good distance.
一千英里是相当远的距离。
（8）不定冠词a(n)用于一些原来是动词的名词前。
Let's have a walk around the playground after supper.
晚饭后，让我们围着操场散步吧!
（9）有一些抽象名词：advice(忠告)，behavior(行为)，fortune(运气)，fun(娱乐)，information(情报)，progress(进步)，damage(损害)，harm(伤害)等，即使被形容词修饰，也不加不定冠词。
Karl Marx gave us some advice on how to learn foreign language well.
卡尔?马克思就怎样学好外语，提出了许多建议。
（10）用在某些固定词组中。
A few, a little, a lot of, a bit, a couple of, all of a sudden(突然), as a matter of fact(实际上), in a hurry(匆忙的), in a word(简言之), have a good time(玩得愉快), do sb. a favour(帮忙), pay a visit to(访问), as a rule(惯例), as a whole(总之), in a day or two(一两天), in a way(在某种程度上), of a size(大小相同), have a word with sb.(与…交谈), make a living(谋生), take a pride in(自豪), take a walk(break, bath, seat)(散步(休息、洗澡、就座)), a great deal of(大量), be a pity(遗憾), have a cold(headache, fever)(感冒(头痛、发烧)), many a(许多), catch a cold(感冒).
3．用冠词与不用冠词的差异
在某些习惯用语中，用还是不用冠词，意义不同，有时甚至差别很大，使用时要特别注意。
at table 进餐
at the table 在桌子旁
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在医院里
by sea 乘船（由海路）
by the sea 在海边
go to sea 当水手
go to the sea 去海边
in future 从今以后，将来
in the future 未来
on earth 究竟
on the earth 在地球上，在世上
go to school (church…) 上学（做礼拜…）
go to the school (church…) 到学校（教堂）去
in front of 在…（外部的）前面
in the front of 在…（内部的）前面
on horseback 骑着马
on the horseback 在马背上
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
two of us 我们当中的两人
the two of us 我们两人（共计两人）
out of question 毫无疑问，一定（巧记：无the无问题）
out of the question 不可能（巧记：有the有问题）
on the whole = in general 大体上，一般地
as a whole = altogether 全部地，整体
A most important meeting 一个重要的会议
the most important meeting 最重要的会议
A third time 又一次
the third time 第三次
at a distance 稍远一些
in the distance 在远处
A number of 许多
the number of …的数目
for a moment 一会儿
for the moment 目前，暂时
be in charge of 负责…
be in the charge of 由…负责，在…掌管之下
by day 在白天
by the day 按日计算
in possession of 拥有
in the possession of 为…所有
in sight of 能看见
in the sight of 据…的见解
in place of 代替
in the place of 在…的地方
be of age 成年
be of an age 同龄
take advice 征求意见
take the advice 听从劝告
He is still in office. 他仍在执政
He is still in the office. 他仍在办公室里
1. Paper money was in _____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _____thirteenth century.
A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the D. /; /
2. It is not rare in _____ that people in _____ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s; their B. the 90s; / C. 90s; . D. the 90s; their
3. Summer in _____ south of France are for _____ most part dry and sunny.
A. /; a B. the; / C. /; / D. the; the
4. Most animals have little connection with _____ animals of _____ different kind unless they hunt
them for food.
A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; he
5. Mr. Smith, there's a man at _____ front door who says he has _____ news for you of great
importance.
A. file: / B. the; the C. /; / D. /; the
6. The warmth of _____ sweater will of course be determined by the short of _____ wood used.
A. the; file B. die; / C. /; / D. /;/
7. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _____ leg.
A. a B one C. the D. his
8. I don't like talking on _____ telephone. I prefer writing _____ letters.
A. a; the B. the; / C. the; the D. a; /
9. Jumping out of _____ airplane at ten thousand that is quite _____.exciting experience.
A. /; the B. /; an C. an; an D. the; the
10. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain good knowledge of basic word
formation.
A. / B. the C. a D. one
11. The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have _____ third one because _____ second one is rather too
small
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
12. There' s _____ dictionary on _____ desk by your side.
A, a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
13. ---Where is my blue shirt?
---It' s in the washing machine. You have to wear _____ different one.
A. any B. the C. a D. other
14. The sign reads "In case of _____ fire, break the glass and push _____ red button.
A. /; a B. /; the C. the; the D. a; a
15. I earn 10 dollars _____ hour as _____ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.
A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the
二.名词
一、考点聚焦
1.可数名词单、复数变化形式
（1）规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。
特例：stomach - stomaches。
③以"辅音字母 + y"结尾的变"y"为"i"再加"-es"。如：
baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。
④以"o"结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。
⑤以"f"或"fe"结尾的名词复数形式变"f"或"fe"为"v"，之后再加-es。如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet,
woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。
⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - book-
stores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women dri-
vers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。
⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero - zeros 、zeroes, deer -
deers 、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。
（2）不规则变化。
①单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,
Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。
②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up - grown-ups。
③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods
货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, surroundings环境，ashes灰尘, campasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give one's regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。
④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,
cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。
2、不可数名词的数
（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
Failure(失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者
失败是成功之母。
by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历
youth青春 a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事
②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?
It is waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：
①物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。
②物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast The road is covered with snow.
have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
(3)有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow's meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.
②有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
3.名词所有格
（1）"'s"所有格的特殊表示形式有：
3 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：today's
newspaper,five minutes'walk(drive),five pounds'weight, tend
ollars'worth of coffee。
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the earth's planet, the word's population, China's industry, New York's parks。
（2）"of"所有格的特殊表示方式有：
①表示"部分"时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：Some students of Mister Zhang's have gone to college.
②表示"其中之一，其中一部分"的意思时，用：a friend of Tom's
汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。
③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/
those + 名词（单、复数）of Mary's/yours/his/hers。如：
That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项发明是属于全世界的（表赞赏）。
4、名词作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
（1）分类意义。
air pollution 空气污染 boy friend 男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税
tennis ball网球 song writer歌曲作家
body language身体语言 road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖
（2）时间、地点、称呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞 country music乡村音乐
village people村民 school education学校教育
China problem中国问题
（3）表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。
reception desk接待台 sports field田径场
stone table石桌 color TV彩电
weather report天气预报
洛阳市2008――2009学年高中三年级统一考试英语试卷
本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,第I卷1至12页，第Ⅱ卷l3至14页。考试结束，将第Ⅱ卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷
注意事项：
1．答第1卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题长上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮接干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，不能答在试卷上。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
作题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每题1．5分，满分7．5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对活后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What did the radio say about the weather?
A. Fine. B. Windy. C. Rainy,
2. What does the man mean?
A. They'll arrive at the hotel after 10:30.
B. They can arrive at the hotel well before 10:30,
C. They can arrive at the hotel at 10:30,
3. How does the man feel about the woman’s response?
A. Disappointed. B. Scared. C. Happy.
4. Where are the speakers most probably?
A. At a post office. B. At a bcx3kstore. C. At a bank.
5. Why does not the woman want her car' s windows to be cleaned?
A. It's too expensive. B. She doesn't know the man. C. She is in a hurry.
第二节(共l5小题；每小题l.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独自。每段对话或独自后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独自前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料。回答第6．7题。
6. Which of the following is Not an advantage of the house?
A. It's near the subway station and a bus step.
B. It has two bedrooms.
C. It has a good view.
7. What does the man mean at the end of the conversation?
A. He doesn't like the house at all.
B. He won't rent the house because it's too expensive.
C. He cannot decide whether .to rent the house right now.
听第7段材料，回答第8,9题。
8. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Look after her bird.
B. Write to her about the bird.
C. Go with her.
9. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Strangers. B. Friends. C. A couple.
听第8段材料，回答第l0至l2题。
10. What does the man find on the beach?
A. An interesting piece of wood.
B. A message inside a bottle.
C. An interesting soil sculpture.
ll. Which of the following is Not mentioned?
A. At first the man thinks the wind brought the wood there.
B. The man thinks it's a good way to find out where ocean water goes by throwing
bottles into the ocean.
C. The woman knew about the scientists' experiment in a science magazine.
12. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Collecting objects on the beach.
B. Collecting water in the ocean.
C. Mapping the movement of ocean water.
听第9段材料．回答第l3至16题。
13. How does the man advise the woman to go to the museum?
A. By taxi. B. By bus. C. On toot.
14. Where is
A. On the right of where the woman is now.
B. On the left of the traffic lights.
C. To the right of
15. How many turns should the woman make before reaching the museum?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
16. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. According to the man, it's easy to call a taxi there.
B. The museum is at the end of
C. The two speakers are strangers.
听第l0段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where is the speaker giving the talk?
A. On a hill. B. In a forest. C. Beside a lake.
18. What is the main purpose of the talk?
A. To describe some plants and animals.
B. To persuade the listeners to go on a tour.
C. To make the listeners familiar with the hike's arrangement.
19. What CANNOT the
listeners do at
A. Rest and take photos. B. Catch fish C. Cook lunch over a campfire.
20. What would be part of the trip?
A. Climbing up rocks. B. Fishing in a stream. C. Walking through a field.
第二部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 单项填空(共15小题；每小题l分，满分l5分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21. -- The floor is dirty. Can anyone clean it?
-- I do it all the time.
A. Don' t mention it. B. Why you? C. Not sure. D. Not me again.
22. Do not start a book unless you can see from the first few pages that it is
you can easily read and understand.
A. that B. one C. the one D. that one
23. Cars parked along this road will be by the police.
A. taken up B. taken over C. taken away D. taken in
24.- Jack promised to come on time, but he hasn't arrived.
-- What do you imagine ____ to him then?
A. happening B. had happened C. has happened D. happened
25. I couldn't believe a boy three years younger than me had completed so much,
?
A. hadn't he B. couldn't I C. could I D. had he
26. Though it's warm here all the year round, it be quite cold at night some-
times.
A. can B. shall C. must D. need
27. your best, I think, and the problem could be settled.
A. If you try B. To try C- Try D. Trying
28.-- What's the weather like tomorrow, John?
--Well, I it, for the pictures drew my attention as the weather forecast was going on.
A. was missing B. missed C. will miss D. had missed
29. She'll turn up at any time that happens to her.
A. fit B. meet C. suit D. match
30. skiing may not be so developed in the area, people still head there for excitement and fresh air.
A. As B. Because C. If D. While
31. with the new machine, a search party went into the cave hoping to find
buried treasure.
A. Being armed B. To be armed C. Armed D. To arm
32. I like this skirt better than that one, but it costs almost twice .
A. as much B. as many C. so much D. so many
33.-- We have decided to go outing tomorrow, join us?
-- Well, you are going, so will I.
A. when B. since C. if D. while
34.- Excuse me, sir. Is the swimming pool open all day?
-- , only from 6:00 pm to 10:00 pm.
A. That' s right B. Yes, of course
C. Sorry, I am not sure D. Sorry, I' m afraid not
35. She had a little money in the bank, to help her mother.
A. which B. in which C. where D. with which
第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36―55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中．选
出最佳选项。
He's an old cobbler(修鞋匠) with a shop in Paris. When I took him my shoes, he at first told me:"I have 36 time. Take them to the other fellow on the main street; he'll fix them for you right away. "
But I'd had my eye on his shop for a long time. Just looking at his bench 37 with tools and pieces of leather, I knew he was a 38 craftsman (手艺人). "No," I replied, "the other fellow 39 do it well. "
"The other fellow" was one of those shopkeepers who fix shoes and make keys "while-you-wait" ― without knowing much about 40 shoes or making keys. They work 41, and when they have finished you might as well just 42 away the pair.
The man saw I wouldn't give in, and he 43 . He looked at my 44 , had me write
my 45 on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said," Come back in a week. "I was 46 to leave when he took a pair of soft leather boots off a shelf."See what I can do?" he said with 47 . "Only three of us in Paris can do this kind of work.”
When 1 got back out into the 48 ,the world seemed 49 to me. He was 50
out of a fairy tale, with his way of speaking familiarly, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent(口音) 51 who-knows-where and, above all, his pride in his craft.
There are times
when nothing is important 52 the bottom line, when you can do things any
old way as long as it" 53 " In such a period it is rare(罕见的)
comfort to
36. A. little B. bit C. no D. much
37. A. put B. faced C. mixed D. filled
38. A. handsome B. clever C. skillful D. famous
39. A. mustn't B. needn't C. shouldn't D. can' t
40. A. mending B. making C. checking D. selling
41. A. slowly B. carelessly C. wonderfully D. carefully
42. A. give B. throw C. take D. send
43. A. smiled B. shouted C. cried D. persuaded
44. A. shoes B. feet C. faces D. hands
45. A. address B. number C. name D. age
46. A. round B. out C. up D. about
47. A. regret B. honor C. pride D. sorrow
48. A. street B. shop C. school D. city
49. A. funny B. new C. Big D. small
50. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
51. A. from B. in C. on D. for
52. A. so B. though C. as D. out
53. A. gets B. values C. costs D. pays
54. A. serve B. meet C. hear D. employ
55. A. fewest B. greatest C. hardest D. easiest
第三部分阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡
上将该项涂黑。
A
Several months ago I decided it would be wise to investigate(投资)the possibilities of buying a life insurance policy(保险). I got the name of an insurance agent(代理人) from a friend and called the agent for some information. From the questions-I asked him, he could tell I knew nothing about insurance, so he kindly offered to help me determine the kind of policy I ought to be considering.
That night he appeared at my door at 7:30; without wasting time he spread his papers out on the kitchen table and began a long explanation. I listened attentively as he felt I ought to. After three or four hours of talking, he kindly helped me fill out an form for a $ 50,000policy ,and then he asked if 1 could go to a Dr. Luther's office on Friday for a physical examination.
I don't know why, but it was not until the mention of the doctor's appointment(约定)that I realized fully what was happening. I was about to sign lifetime contract(合同), yet I had not really made a decision about whether I wanted to buy the policy or not. As a matter of fact, the question of a need for a decision from me one way or the other had not even come up. Suddenly I felt sure that I really did not want to buy the policy. However, since he had spent 80 much time with me, I didn't want to make him feel that he had wasted his time. So I invented an excuse about things I had to do on Friday, and I assured I would call him in a few days. Actually, I had no intention of going to see Dr. Luther or of calling the agent again.
I wanted to forget the whole thing -- it's been over three months now since our meeting, and my friendly insurance agent still calls at my office faithfully two or three times a week. My secretary knows that I don't want to talk to him, so when he calls she tells him that I'm in a meeting or that out of the office or that I'm away on a business trip. I realize now that it was a mistake not to tell him that first night that I didn't want the policy. Since! still can't bring myself to tell him directly that I'm not interested, and please not to bother me anymore, all I can do is avoid his calls and hope I don't run into him some place.
56. The writer phoned the insurance agent because .
A. he wanted to fill out a form for a life insurance policy
B. he had decided to buy a life insurance policy
C. he took great interest in the insurance company
D. he was eager to explore the possibilities of buying a life insurance policy
57. After several hours of talking, the writer .
A. decided to buy the policy
B. decided to think over the matter
C. made an appointment with Dr. Luther
D. decided not to buy the policy
58. The underlined word "assured" in the massage most probably means .
A. suggested B. promised C. insisted D. decided
59. Which of the following is TRUE?
A. The writer has tried many ways to get rid of the agent.
B. The agent is easily put off.
C. The writer intends to call the agent in a few days.
D. The agent phones every day.
B
Text-messaging, the shorthand language favored by teenagers has started to push aside
traditional grammar among high school English learners.
Today's teenagers are 10 times more likely to use non-standard English in written exams than before. They use informal words, phrases and text messages such as "m8" for "mate", "2"instead of "too" and "u" for "you".
This language has made it into classrooms. School children are now handing in essays(短文) written in text messages.
Educators say abbreviated words are fine for text messages on the mobile phone, but in school essays, it only shows the laziness of today's youth. They argue that the use of these shortened forms allows the users to avoid having to spell and use the language correctly.
Despite this, a two-year study by Cambridge University has found that today's teenagers are using far more complex(复杂的) sentence structures, a wider vocabulary and a more ex-act use of capital letters, punctuation and spelling. The quality of writing has also improved, said Alf Massey, head of the department of Cambridge University that carried out the study. But phrases that may not have been acceptable to examiners have come into regular use gradually.
Barry Spur, a senior lecturer in English at the University of Sydney, said it was no surprise to learn that students were using the shorthand language in their studies as a move away from the formal use of English.
Spur said the real test was whether teenagers stuck to using informal words and phrases and text messages when they were writing something they knew required a more formal use of English.
He also questioned whether the shorthand really did lead to greater cleanness of language or whether it was simply faster.
60. What do many teenagers prefer to use in written exams?
A. Formal words. B. Non-standard English.
C. Traditional grammar rules. D. Numbers and letters.
61. Which of the following is tree according to the passage?
A. Alf Massey was the head of Cambridge University.
B. The teenagers have improved the quality of writing.
C. Barry Spur was a senior lecturer in English in Cambridge University.
D. The study was carried out for three years.
62. The exact meaning of the underlined word." abbreviated" in Paragraph 4 is A. written B. enlarged C. shortened D. spoken
63. The main idea of the passage is __
A. teenagers like to use text messages
B. text-messaging enters classrooms
C. mobile phone shorthand also belongs to formal essays
D. the usage of text messages shows the laziness of today's youth
C
A handsome young man, who wears the Beijing Olympic volunteer uniform and speaks Chinese and English, is an eye-catcher in the National Stadium.
Philipp Demgenski, a German volunteer who works in the Olympics' language service, said, "I am looking forward to the Beijing Olympics, as it will be my first volunteer experience in the Olympics. "
Philipp toured the National Stadium, or "Bird's Nest", for the first time early this year. It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes leading to the nest-shaped stadium regarded as "an icon(象征)of the Beijing Olympics".
Philipp has learned Chinese for only one year, but now he can send SMS text messages in Chinese. The 26 - year - old, who had kept himself busy with volunteer activities in college, treasures the chance to see the Olympics so closely. "I had worked in Africa as a volunteer for four months, and I taught computer and English to teachers and students there, "said Philipp."I came to China because I am a big fan of Chinese culture. "
Up to Marcia 31st, 22,000 foreigners had applied(申请) to be Olympic volunteers.
Ndioro Diop is a girl from Senegal. Besides her mother tongue, she speaks French, English and Chinese.
The language talent(天才) applied for a volunteer as early as in 2006. "The first several months when I came to Beijing, I was always lost, "said Diop."But every time I got help from Beijing people. I learned a lot in China, and now it is the time for me to do something to return. My family all love China very much, and my brother also applied to be a volunteer. "As for American girl Amari Montin, to apply for a volunteer was quite natural. "I will meet lots of Chinese friends through volunteering, and communicating with them will help me improve my Chinese, "she said.
Montin said she had fallen in love with Beijing. "I love Beijing. I can feel the changes
brought by the Olympics. "
64. Which of the following is TRUE about Philipp？
A. Philipp hasn't been familiar with the surroundings.
B. Philipp will offer language and computer services during the Olympics.
C. Philipp mastered Chinese language very well years ago.
D. Philipp had been a volunteer teacher before he came to China.
65. What can we know about Diop according to the passage.9
A. She has a gift ~or language learning.
B. She admires Chinese culture.
C. She is learning another language.
D. She wants to teach English in return to Beijing people.
66. What's take purpose of Montin to be a volunteer in the Beijing Olympic Games?
A. To make China known by more people around the world.
B. To make more friends and to improve her Chinese.
C. To learn about Chinese custom and to study Chinese culture.
D. To see the changes brought to Beijing by the Olympic.
D
If I were to explain Thanksgiving Day to a foreigner, I would call it simply Turkey(火鸡) Day. Yet, this special holiday has much more to it.
Historically, the first settlers of America celebrated Thanksgiving with a harvest dinner because they successfully went through a hard winter. They also took this chance to thank their Indian friends for their help. Thanksgiving is a great American tradition to share this holiday with family members and friends. Its importance is almost equal to Christmas in American everyday life.
A college friend of mine once invited me to celebrate this holiday with her family. This gave me an inside look at how Americans celebrate this holiday.
When we arrived at her house, my friend's family greeted us warmly. Once in a while I went to the kitchen to catch a glimpse of the turkey in the oven. The turkey is cooked, whole. It is filled with a mixture of bread crumbs, vegetables and spices. It usually takes four to five hours or more to cook, depending on the size of the turkey.
When it was finally done, two people carried the turkey to the table on a plate, decorated with fruits and leaves. It was the size of a small pig. It looked very impressive having a whole turkey on the table.
When all the food was on the table and the guests were seated, everyone fell silent―it was time for everyone to say a small prayer（祈祷） of thanks. Unlike in China, where only the host makes a speech, it was this family's tradition to ask each and every person, young or old, family or guest, to say what they were thankful for. This included me, Well, as one might guess, I was thankful for my first American Thanksgiving.
Then all our attention returned to the turkey. We broke into laughter when nay friend's mother came out of the kitchen with an electric knife to cut the Turkey into thin slices.
Each dish was passed around and everyone loaded their plate with turkey, potatoes, and other vegetables.
67. The best title for this passage is
A. What a Large Turkey B. My First Thanksgiving
C. Warmly Welcomed D. What a Different Custom
68. Which of the following made the deepest impression on the writer?
A. Thanksgiving is even more important than Christmas.
B. The warm welcome received from the family.
C. The large turkey. D. How the festival came into being.
69. The underlined word "glimpse" in the fourth paragraph has the same meaning as
A. curiosity B. admiration C. smell D. look
70. Which of the following best shows the equality in American families?
A. The mother cut up the turkey with an electric knife.
B. Everyone at the table was asked to say a prayer.
C. Everyone was given the same foods and dishes.
D. The writer was treated warmly and equally.
71. How was the turkey cut into pieces?
A. With an electric knife.
B. Everyone cut off a piece of it.
C. It was cut up with an ordinary knife.
D. The mother cut it up with the father's help.
E
Many studies have been conducted to discover the benefits of listening to and playing music. The growing field of "music treatment" is presenting increasing amounts of proof that point to the great powers of music.
Emotional(情绪) benefits
The right song can put anybody in a better mood. Most people turn to certain songs to improve their moods. The main reason behind this is that music can express our feelings better than any other medium. In addition, we have favourite songs for particular situations because we turn to the music which has the best effect on us.
Music and exercise
Have you ever noticed how out of breath you get when listening to an exciting song while doing exercises at the gym? It has been suggested that exciting music can actually in-crease muscle tension(肌肉紧张), while light music does the opposite.
It has also been proved that music can improve motor skills. An experiment conducted on a group of pupils proved that children learning basic motor skills such as throwing, catching and jumping while listening to music did better than those with no music.
Chronic(慢性的) pain relief(减轻)
Music also has the ability to ease chronic pain. In fact, according to a paper published in the Journal of Advanced Nursing, music can reduce chronic pain by 21%. The paper reports that 60 patients in an experiment were divided into two groups--one of the group listened to music, and the other did not. The reults showed that people who listened to music for an hour each day for a week improved physically and psychologically while those who did not listen to music did not.
72. The best title for the passage is
A. The Study of Music B. The Benefits of Music
C. How Music Helps Patients D. Music Helps to Improve Work Efficiency
73. Why do people turn to songs to feel better?
A. Because songs have magic.
B. Because listening to music is their hobby.
C. Because they can find comfort in songs.
D. Because some music has a good effect on them.
74. If we want to relax our muscles, we should choose
A. rock and roll B. some exciting songs
C. light music D. classical songs
75. It can be inferred from the passage that _____
A. music can cure people of muscle pain slowly
B. 21% of the patients recovered quickly with the help of music
C. all the patients listened to music daily
D. the 60 patients all have physical and psychological problems
第Ⅱ卷
第四部分写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：
该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Most students study English hardly at school but they 76.
only use the time study the rules of the language and 77.
new words. They spend a lot of time in exercises. They 78.
don't like read English very much. Actually, reading 79.
for pleasure is an easier way to learn English well. 80.
Many experts say reading for pleasure help students 81.
to learn many important thing about English. 82.
For an example, students can learn more about the 83.
cultures of English-speaking countries. What's worse, 84.
they can learn what to use English more properly. 85.
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
假如你叫李华，你的英国笔友Peter想了解中国学生过生日的方式，请你根据下面提示给他写封信介绍有关情况。
内容要点：1.生日聚会； 2．生日礼物； 3．生日祝福……
注意：1．字数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．文章的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入字数。
Dear Peter,
How is everything going?
I'm glad to receive your letter. Now let me tell you how Chinese students celebrate the birthday
Best wishes.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
洛阳市2008――2009学年高中三年级统一考试
2009年高考英语专项练习大全之单项选择题
（一）名词
1．To the sea captain’s surprise，he found that travel could also be quite pleasant．
A．earth B．1and C．ground D．plain
2．Some famous singers live on the from their record sales．
A．salary B．value C．bill D．income
3．Many countries are increasing their use of nature gas，wind and other forms of ．
A．energy B．source C．power D．material
4．You can take as many as you like because they are free of ．
A．fare B．charge C．money D．pay
5．George always wants things done quickly．He’s got no .
A．idea B．means C．patience D．decision
6．Do you know the of the saying I just quoted?
A．source B．resource C．course D．cause
7．―Why did you refuse to move in the house?
―Because it was really in a poor and dirty ．
A．form B．kind C．shape D．state
8．His name was on the of my tongue，but I just couldn’t remember it．
A．end B．edge C．tip D．side
9．You shouldn’t let children play with ．It’s dangerous!
A．football B．watches C．matches D．chess
10．We’ll have PE this afternoon but I forgot to bring my .
A．sports clothes B．sport clothes C．clothes of sports D．sport’s clothes
11．Dark clouds are a of rain while a smile is a of friendship
A．gesture；sign B.mark；sign C.sign；gesture D.sign；mark
12．―Is the house very expensive，Dick?
―I don’t think it’s worth the they are asking．
A．price B．cost C．value D．money
13．These days I hire two in my house．
A．man servants B．men servant C．man servant D．men servants
14．The editor to1d the newsman to write report．
A．a two-thousand-words B．a two-thousands-words
C．a two thousand Word D．a two-thousand-word
15．The brook lies within of the train station．
A．ten-minute-ride B．ten minutes ride
C．ten minute’s ride D．ten minutes’ride
16．Though I spoke to him many times，he never took any of what I said．
A．remark B．observation C．attention D．notice
17． came that his should be kept secret．
A．A word；words B．The word；word C．Word：words D．Words；Word
18．We’ve missed the last bus．I’m aftaid we have no but to take a taxi．
A．way B．choice C．possibility D．selection
19．―How was your recent Visit to Qingdao?
―It was great．We visited some friends，and spent the days at the seaside．
A．few 1ast sunny B．1ast few sunny C．few sunny list D．1ast sunny few
20．We climbed higher up the mountain so that We could get a better ．
A．view B．idea C．point D．opinion
21．We have worked out a plan．But I’m not sure whether it will do in ．
A．fact B．practice C．deed D．time
22．―I’ve got an“A”in the examination．
――T11at’s a good .You’ll surely win a sec-ond．
A．result B．start C．news D．idea
23．The makes me feel sick．
A．sign B．sight C．scene D．look
24．― What a pleasant these trees give us!
――Why not stop here and have a rest in it?
A．shade B．shadow C．peace D．scene
25．They can never make good nurses，not having the necessary .
A．practice B．education C．exercise D．training
26．Mr Tong couldn’t keep pace with the others as they
marched along．He often stood out of ．
A．order B．sight C．mind D．line
27．I’m afraid that there is no for you in my car,because there are already five people．
A．place B．room C．need D．position
28． it is to go swimming on sueh a hot day!
A．What fun B．How fun C．What a fun D．How a fun
29．―Heavy trucks which run day and night are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical
A．scene B．period C．interest D．sense
30．The dress is nice but she doesn’t like the on the material．
A．sharp B．size C．model D．pattern
31．It is foolish to go to the of taking music lessons if you never practice．
A．expense B．sense C．pay D．money
32．For twenty years Gandhi p1ayed an important in working for equal rights fbr Indians．
A．action B．ro1e C．figure D．position
33．Last night the president made a speech on TV to the .
A.country B.state C.1and D.nation
34．The old house belongs to ．
A．Jack’s and his brother B．Jack’s and his brother’s
C．Jack and his brother’s D．Jack and his brother
35． will make a trip to China during the summer holidays．
A．The Evens B．The Even’s C．The Evenses D．The Evenses'
36．I’d like you to meet David’a cowboy．
A．dark，handsome and tall B．tall，handsome and dark
C．dark，tall and handsome D．tall，dark and handsome
37.The young student is as a writer．It’s to all his teachers．
A．success；surprise B．a success；sorprise
C．success；a surprise D．a success；a surprise
38.My mother’s is getting grey，but my father has only a few grey ．
A．hairs；hair B．hair：hair C．hair；hairs D．hair：hairs
39. unicle is going to pick them up at the airport this afternoon．
A．Jack’s and Joan’s B．Jack’s and Joan
C．Jack and Joan’s D．Jack and Joan
40.Many old houses are being pulled down to make for the apartment buildings．
A．room B．ground C．space D．area
41.Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are say ing hould make any ．
A．excuse B．sense C．use D．value
(二)代词与it的用法
1.Not all these books are second-hand； of them are new．
A．all B．none C．some D．each
2.You can buy these maps at railway station．They all have them．
A．that B．any C．every D．each
3.I prefer a street in a small town to in such alarge city as Shanghai．
A．that B．it C．this D．one
4.1've only seen one copy of Gone with the wind in the bookshop opposite．Tom，g。and buy ．
A．one B．any C．other D．the others
5.At the time neither country allowed to open any companies on its land．
A．another B．the other C．other D．the others
6.Most of the housework was done by two members of the family，my sister and ．
A．me B．I C．myself D．mine
7. was thoughtful John to send me this present．
A．1t；for B．He；for C．It；of D．He；of
8.―We walked twenty miles today．
―I never guessed you could have walked far．
A．as B．this C．that D．such
9.―Have you read through the two books he lent you last week?
―No， of them is easy to read．
A．either B．none C．both D．neither
10.Meeting my uncle after all these years Was an uncom fortable moment， I will always treasure．
A．that B．one C．it D．what
11.The noise of the party prevented me from getting sleep．
A．some B．any C．no D．many
12.I hate when people talk with their mouths full．
A．it B．that C．those D．then
13.The class are busy preparing lessons for a test．
A．his B．her C．their D．its
14.―Would you care for tea or coffee?
― ，thank you．I’ve just had some tea．
A．Little B．Both C．Either D．Neither
15.It was in the house he used to 1ive that the exhibition was held．
A．where B．that C．as D．which
16.I make a rule to take a walk in the morning．
A．that B．this C．myself D．it
17. of them knew about the plan because it was k。pt a secret．
A．Each B．Any C．None D．No one
18.We couldn’t eat in a restaurant because of us had money on us．
A．all；no B．any；no C．none；any D．no one；any
19.There’re so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can’t make up my mind to buy．
A．what B．which C．how D．where
20． we can’t get seems better than we have．
A．What；what B．What；that C．That；that D．That；what
21．Two ancient Chinese vases， worth$1，000，were sold at Sothebv’s last Monday．
A．which B．each C．every D．all
22．The computers we use today are much better than we used ten years ago．
A．one B．that C．ones D．those
23. of
them are party members．Some
A．None B．Neither C．No one D．Not all
24．―Why don’t we take a 1ittle break?
―Didn’t we just have ?
A．it B．that C．one D．this
25．One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow，and ．
A．the other is white B．another white
C．the other white D．another is white
26．Some people would rather ride bike as bike riding has of the trouble of taking buses.
A.nothing B.none C.some D.neither
27．The two friends met by chance .
A．another day B．some day C．the other day D．other day
28．―Which of the two Italian films do you like better?
― ，because they are meaningless．
A．Both B．Either C．None D．Neither
29． don’t visit this part of the town．
A．The most tourists B．Most tourists C．Most of tourists D．Most the tourists
30．――Would you like some soft drink?
――Yes，but only ．
A．a few B．a little C．few D．1ittle
31．―Which coat would you prefer，sir?
―I’ll take ，to have a change sometimes．
A．all them B．them all C．both them D．them both
32．―Do you have at home now，mum?
―No，we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables．
A．nothing B．everything C．anything D．something
33．It was a great party． enjoyed it．
A．All of us B．Evervbody of us C．Everybody D．All
34．If this dictionary is not yours， can it be?
A．what else B．who else C．which else’s D．who else’s
35．―Have you finished your report yet?
―No，I’ll finish it in ten minutes．
A．another B．other C．more D．less
36．―Is here?
―No，Bob and Tim have asked for leave．
A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody
37．Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers．
Now she would 1ike to read stories by writers from countries．
A．some；any B．other；some C．some；other D．other；other
38．Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but didn’t help．
A．he B．which C．she D．it
39．They are good friends． is no wonder that they know each other so well．
A．This B．That C．There D．It
40．This bus service is very good．There’s bus ten minutes．
A．each B．any C．all D．every
41．Mr Zhang’s English is very fluent，but he speaks Chinese．
A．1ittle B．fewer C．few D．1ess
42．―What Would you like to eat?
―I don’t mind． ― whatever you’ve got．
A．Something B．Anything C．Nothing D．Everything
(三)冠词与数词
1．He has great interest in history，especially in history of Tang Dynasty．
A．a；the B．a；不填 C．不填；the D．不填；a
2．The party last night was success．we sang and danced until it came to end at twelve．
A．a；the B．the；an C．a；an D．不填；an
3．While Jane was cooking fish on open fire outside，her hair caught． fire．
A．不填；a B．不填；不填 C．an；a D．an；不填
4．Young as he is，David has gained rich experience in society．
A．不填；不填 B．the；the C．a；不填 D．不填；the
5．People regard the wheel as invention of the
first importance in human history．
A．an；the B．an；不填 C．the；the D．the；不填
6．Mr Stock，who is in Mexico on ，runs small business．
A．business；a B．business；不填 C．the business；a D．business；不填
7．Fortunately he will go on holiday in place of Brown．
A．不填；the B．不填；不填 C．不填；a D．the；不填
8．Zhang Hua is a student at ．
A．the University of
Beijing
B．the
C．Beijing University
D．
9．Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in public places．
A．the；the B．不填；不填 C．the；不填 D．不填；the
10．Wouldn’t it be wonderful world if all nations
lived in peace with one another?
A．a；不填 B．the；不填 C．a；the D．the；the
11．Your uncle must have X- ray examination．
A．a B．不填 C．the D．an
12．I remember he lives in south，so we shouldn’t be walking to west．
A．the；the B．不填；不填 C．不填；the D．the；不填
13．Where is ?
A．the manager office B．the office of the manager
C．the manager’s office D．the office of the manager’s
14．Five years ago her brother was university student of physics．
A．an；the B．a；不填 C．an；不填 D．a；the
15．―Do you know who invented telephone?
―No，but it is really most useful invention．
A．the；the B．a；a C．the；a D．a；the
16．Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny．
A．不填；a B．the；不填 C．不填；不填 D．the；the
17．The police have power to arrest bad people by 1aw．
A．the；the B．不填；the C．不填；不填 D．the；不填
18．―Do you like the novels?
―I don’t like either of them．Please show me third one．
A．a B．the C．不填 D．an
19．Keep away from the cage. lion is fierce animal．
A．The；the B．A；the C．A；不填 D．a；不填
20．Now the machine runs at double .
A．a speed B．speed C．the speed D．for speed
21．My mother is usually on duty in her office every few days．
A．the；a B．不填；不填 C．不填；a D．a；不填
22．My brother likes to play football while my sister prefers to play violin．
A．不填；a B．不填；不填 C．the；不填 D．the；the
23．I came by sea and I had a 1ovely journey on Queen Elizabeth II．
A．不填；the B．the；不填 C．不填：不填 D．the；the
24．Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid
A．by a hour B．by an hour C．by the hour D．by hours
25．―I’m afraid I dare not speak in public．
―Just have try．
A．a；不填 B．不填；a C．the；a D．the；the
26．―What’s your elder sister?
―She is teacher and writer．
A．the；the B．a；不填 C．a；a D．the；a
27．She plays violin fairly well and makes a living by teaching violin．
A．the；不填 B．不填；不填 C．a；不填 D．a；a
28．These two rooms are of size．But another two rooms are three times size of them．
A．the；the B．a；the C．a；a D．the；a
29．He served in the army in when he was in
A．
C．1940s’；his
twenties D．the
30．This computer centre is larger than that one in the area．
A．one sixth B．four ninths C．fifth four D．two third
31．Paper produced every year is the world’s production of vehicles．
A．the three times weight of B．three times the weight of
C．as three tirues heavy D．three times as heavier as
32．The hero of the story is an artist in his ．
A．thirtieth B．thirty C．thirty’s D．thirties
33．Mr Smith me to buy several eggs for the dinner．
A．asked；dozen B．suggested；dozens of
C．had；dozen D．persuaded；dozens
34．―Tell me where you live，please．
―I live ．
A．in 123，King Street B．at 123，King Street
C．in King Street，123 D．at King Street，123
35．30％ of the cattle thin，but the rest fat．
A．are；are B．is；is C．is；are D．are；is
(四)介词与连词
1．We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance exams．
A．at B．0n C．for D．of
2．Let’s walk over――the sun．
A．in B．to C．under D．by
3．We’re all going to the games．Why don’t you come ?
A．up B．across C．along D．to
4．If you are worried about the problem，you should do something it．
A．about B．for C．against D．with
5．I wanted two seats Madame Curie for Friday night，so I rang the cinema to see if I could book two tickets．
A．of B．about C．to D．for
6．He thought the jar made of earth little value and 1et me have it only one dollar．
A．with；for B．of；for C．of；by D．with；by
7．We can’t feel that we are going forward as everythjng us is moving the same speed．
A．around；at B．around；with C．before；at D．with；in
8．The two rings are so alike that it is difficult to tell one the other．
A．very；to B．much；to C．much；from D．very；from
9．It’s so nice to go out for a walk a cool nice summer evening．
A．in B．on C．for D．a
10．He decided to the matter himself．
A．look through B.look into C．look after D．look up
11．I ran an old friend of mine yesterday，whom I hadn’t seen for ages．
A．across B．cross C．after D．for
12．The scientist is well known us his great achievement．
A．to；for B．by；for C．by；as D．to；in
13．This article is quite me．There are too many new words
A．above B．against C．upon D．beyond
14．Does John know any other foreign languages French？
A．except B．but C．besides D．beside
15．She thought I was talking about her daughter， ，in fact，I was talking about my daughter．
A．whom B．where C．which D．while
16．They were surprised that a child should work out the problem they themselves couldn’t．
A．once B．then C．while D．if
17．My name is Robert， most of my friends call me Bob for short．
A．then B．instead C．however D．but
18．―I don’t like reading watching TV．What about you?
―I don’t like reading all day， I 1ike watching TV plays．
A．and；but B．and；and C．or；and D．or；but
19．It was raining hard， ，the peasants went on with their work．
A．but B．and C．however D．although
20．―What do you want those old boxes?
―To put things in when I move to the new flat．
A．by B．for C．of D．with
(五)形容词与副词
1．If we had followed his plan，we could have done the
job better with money and people．
A．1ess；less B．fewer；fewer C．1ess；fewer D．fewer；less
2．It is impossible for so workers to do so work in a single day．
A．few；much B．few；many C．1ittle；much D．little；many
3．―If you don’t like the red coat，take the blue one．
―0K，but do you have size in blue?This one is a bit tight for me．
A．big B．a bigger C．the big D．the bigger
4．After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before．
A．as twice many B．as many twice C．twice as many D．twice many as
5．―How did you find your visit to the museum?
―I thoroughly enjoyed it．It was than I expected．
A．far more interesting B．even much interesting
C．so more interesting D．a lot much interesting
6．If there were no examinations，we should have at schoo1．
A．the happiest time B．a more happier time
C．much happiest time D．a much happier time
7．On the river there is bridge．
A．an old fine stone B．a fine new wood
C．a stone fine old D．a new wood fine
8．If I had ，I’d visit Europe，stopping at all the small interesting places．
A．a long enough holiday B．an enough long holiday
C．a holiday enough long D．a long holiday enough
9．It Was raining heavily．Little Mary felt cold，so she stood to her mother．
A．close B．closely C．closed D．closing
10．The means of getting from place to place in
the city is the bus．
A．most commonly useful public B．most commonly public used
C．public used more commonly D．most commonly used public
11.Alice is going camping with girls．
A．1ittle two other B．two other little
C．two 1ittle other D．1ittle 0ther two
12.Where have you been days?
A．all last these few B．these all last few
C．1ast all few these D．all these last few
13.He has made progress that all of us want to learn from him．
A．such a good B．so good a
C．a so good D．such good
14.All the people at the party were his supporters.
A．present B．thankful C．interested D．important
15.This kind of apple tastes and sells
A．well；well B．good；good C．good；well D．well；good
16．The storm kept me all through the night．
A．awake B．awoke C．awaked D．awaken
17．My brother was still studying into the night while I was asleep．
A．1ate；sound B．1ately；wide C．deeply；far D．far；late
18．The temperature
of a person is about
A．formal B．normal C．common D．usual
19．I’m always very when I was asked to recite the text in class．
A．curious B．nervous C．mysterious D．sad
20．It Was impossible for her to get the 9 o’clock train，I know she got up at
9：15．
A．quite B．very C．too D．much
(六)主谓一致
1．His Selected Poems first published in 1965．
A．were B．was C．has been D．have been
2．Twenty dollars enough for the coat．
A．is B．are C．has D．have
3．Learning about Travel News and Sports News in China Daily his great interest．
A．is B．are C．cause D．gives
4．His family very big and all of his family music．
A．are；1ove B．are；1oves C．is；have D．is；1oves
5．It Jack and Frank who been murdered．
A．are；have B．is；are C．is；have D．is；has
6．Writing stories and articles what I enjoy most．
A．is B．have been C．was D．were
7．The poor woman with her two children in a street corner．
A．was seen beg B．were seen beg
C．Was seen bagging D．were seen begging
8．―Is there anybody in the classroom?
―No,the teacher as well as the students to the playground．
A．go B．went C．has gone D．have gone
9．Three-fourhs of the land by forest and grass．
A．has covered B．has been covered
C．have been covered D，are to be covered
10．―Have you heard about the new school?
―No,when and where to build the new one
A．is not decided B．aren’t decided
C．has not decided D．haven’t been decided
11．E-mail，as well as telephones， an important part in daily communication．
A．is playing B．have played C．Was playing D．play
12．Not even one of the hundred students who took the test passed．
A．has B．have C．is D．are
13．The worker and poet to the party the other day．
A．is invited &n
1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。
10. Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。
11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间，事实上，把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。
14. Any government, which is blind to this point, may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
15.Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately, for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
当前，一提到即将开始的学校生活，许多学生都会兴高采烈。然而，对多数年轻人来说，校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历。
16. In view of the seriousness of this problem, effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考虑到问题的严重性，在事态进一步恶化之前，必须采取有效的措施。
17. The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力，而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。
18. It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to face the dangers of starvation and exposure.
无可争辩，现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冻的痛苦生活。
19. Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行。
20. No one can deny the fact that a person's education is the most important aspect of his life.
没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。
21. People equate success in life with the ability of operating computer.
人们把会使用计算机与人生成功相提并论。
22. In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
在过去的几十年，先进的医疗技术已经使得人们比过去活的时间更长成为可能。
23. In fact, we have to admit the fact that the quality of life is as important as life itself.
事实上，我们必须承认生命的质量和生命本身一样重要。
24. We should spare no effort to beautify our environment.
我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。
25. People believe that computer skills will enhance their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
人们相信拥有计算机技术可以获得更多工作或提升的机会。
26. The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that this knowledge may be less useful than most people think.
从这几年我搜集的信息来看，这些知识并没有人们想象的那么有用。
27. Now, it is generally accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduation.
现在，人们普遍认为没有一所大学能够在毕业时候教给学生所有的知识。
28. This is a matter of life and death--a matter no country can afford to ignore.
这是一个关系到生死的问题，任何国家都不能忽视。
29. For my part, I agree with the latter opinion for the following reasons:
我同意后者，有如下理由：
30. Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides.
在给出我的观点之前，我想看看双方的观点是重要的。
31. This view is now being questioned by more and more people.
这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。
32. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information I've collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society.
尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展，用自行车的人数会减少，自行车可能会消亡， 然而，这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。
33. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet.
环境学家指出：持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题，而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。
34. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before.
考虑到这些严重的状况，我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。
35. Using bicycle contributes greatly to people's physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams.
使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康，并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。
36. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.
尽管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。
37. Bicycle can't be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort.
在速度和舒适度方面，自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。
38. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：自行车的优点远大于缺点，并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。
39. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study.
当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论，其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。
40. This issue has caused wide public concern.
这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。
41. It must be noted that learning must be done by a person himself.
必须指出学习只能靠自己。
42. A large number of people tend to live under the illusion that they had completed their education when they finished their schooling. Obviously, they seem to fail to take into account the basic fact that a person's education is a most important aspect of his life.
许多人存在这样的误解，认为离开学校就意味着结束了他们的教育。显然，他们忽视了教育是人生重要部分这一基本事实。
43. As for me, I'm in favor of the opinion that education is not complete with graduation, for the following reasons:
就我而言，我同意教育不应该随着毕业而结束的观点，有以下原因：
44. It is commonly accepted that no college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate.
人们普遍认为高校是不可能在毕业的时候教会他们的学生所有知识的。
45. Even the best possible graduate needs to continue learning before she or he becomes an educated person.
即使最优秀的毕业生，要想成为一个博学的人也要不断地学习。
46. It is commonly thought that our society had dramatically changed by modern science and technology, and human had made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology over the recent decades.
人们普遍认为我们的现代科技使我们的社会发生了巨大的变化，近几十年人类在科技方面取得了惊人的进步。
47. Now people in growing numbers are beginning to believe that learning new skills and knowledge contributes directly to enhancing their job opportunities or promotion opportunities.
现在越来越多的人开始相信学习新的技术和知识能直接帮助他们获得工作就会或提升的机会。
48. An investigation shows that many older people express a strong desire to continue studying in university or college.
一项调查显示许多老人都有到大学继续学习的愿望。
49. For the majority of people, reading or learning a new skill has become the focus of their lives and the source of their happiness and contentment after their retirement.
对大多数人来讲，退休以后，阅读或学习一项新技术已成为他们生活的中心和快乐的来源。
50. For people who want to adopt a healthy and meaningful life style, it is important to find time to learn certain new knowledge. Just as an old saying goes: it is never too late to learn.
对于那些想过上健康而有意义的生活的人们来说，找时间学习一些新知识是很重要的，正如那句老话：活到老，学到老
51. There is a general debate on the campus today over the phenomenon of college or high school students' doing a part-time job.
对于大学或高中生打工这一现象，校园里进行着广泛的争论。
52. By taking a major-related part-job, students can not only improve their academic studies, but gain much experience, experience they will never be able to get from the textbooks.
通过做一份和专业相关的工作，学生不仅能够提高他们的专业能力，而且能获得从课本上得不到的经验。
53. Although people’s lives have been dramatically changed over the last decades, it must be admitted that, shortage of funds is still the one of the biggest questions that students nowadays have to face because that tuition fees and prices of books are soaring by the day.
近几十年，尽管人们的生活有了惊人的改变，但必须承认，由于学费和书费日益飞涨，资金短缺仍然是学生们面临的最大问题之一。
54. Consequently, the extra money obtained from part-time job will strongly support students to continue to their study life.
因此，业余工作挣来的钱将强有力地支持学生们继续他们的求学生活。
55. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that part-time job can produce a far-reaching impact on students and they should be encouraged to take part-time job, which will benefit students and their family, even the society as a whole.
通过上面的讨论，我们不难得出结论：业余工作对学生们会产生深远的影响，我们应鼓励学生从事业余工作，这将有利于学生和他们的家庭，甚至整个社会。
56. These days, people in growing numbers are beginning to complain that work is more stressful and less leisurely than in past. Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.
现在，越来越多的人们开始抱怨工作比以前更有压力。许多专家指出这是现代社会发展必然的结果，无法避免。
57. It is widely acknowledged that computer and other machines have become an indispensable part of our society, which make our life and work more comfortable and less laborious.
人们普遍认为计算机和其他机器已经成为我们社会必不可少的一部分。 它们使我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量劳动。
58. At the same time, along with the benefits of such machines, employees must study knowledge involved in such machines so that they are able to control them.
同时，随着这些机器带给我们的好处，员工们也必须要学习与之相关的知识以便使用它们。
59. No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.
没有人能否认这一基本事实：对于一般工人来讲，轻松掌握这些技术是不可能的。
60. In the second place, there seem to be too many people without job and not enough job position.
第二方面，失业的人似乎太多而又没有足够的工作岗位。
61. Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.
成千上万的人们不得不花费更多的精力和时间学习新的技术和知识，使得他们在就业市场能保持优势。
62. According to a recent survey, a growing number of people express a strong desire to take another job or spend more time on their job in order to get more money to support their family.
根据最近的一项调查，越来越多的人表达了想从事另外的工作或加班以赚取更多的钱来补贴家用的强烈愿望。
63. From what has been discussed above, I am fully convinced that the leisure life-style is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society, it is not necessary a bad thing.
通过以上讨论，我完全相信，随着现代社会的进步，幽闲的生活方式正在消失并不是件坏事。
64. The problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.
近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛关注。
65. Many people believe that international tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and local government should be encouraged to promote international tourism.
许多人认为国际旅游对经济发展有积极作用，应鼓励地方政府发展国际旅游。
66. But what these people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.
但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成的灾难性的影响。
67. As for me, I'm firmly convinced that the number of foreign tourists should be limited, for the following reasons:
就我而言，我坚定地认为国外旅游者的数量应得到限制，理由如下：
68. In addition, in order to attract tourists, a lot of artificial facilities have been built, which have certain unfavorable effects on the environment.
另外，为了吸引旅游者，大量人工设施被修建，这对环境是不利的。
69. For lack of distinct culture, some places will not attract tourists any more. Consequently, the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of local tourism.
由于缺乏独特的文化，一些地方不再吸引旅游者。因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终会导致当地旅游业的衰败。
70. There is a growing tendency for parents to ask their children to accept extra educational programs over the recent years.
近些年，父母要求他们的孩子接受额外的教育呈增长的势头。
71. This phenomenon has caused wide public concern in many places of world.
这一现象在全世界许多地方已引起了广泛关注。
72. Many parents believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By extra studies, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets when they grow up.
许多家长相信额外的教育活动有许多优点，通过学习，他们的孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识，当他们长大后，这些对他们就业是大有好处的。
73. In the first place, extra studies bring about unhealthy impacts on physical growth of children. Educational experts point out that, it is equally important to take some sport activities instead of extra studies when children have spent the whole day in a boring classroom.
首先，额外的学习对孩子们的身体发育是不利的。教育专家指出，孩子们在枯燥的教室里呆了一整天后，从事一些体育活动，而不是额外的学习，是非常重要的。
74. Children are undergoing fast physical development; lack of physical exercise may produce disastrous influence on their later life.
孩子们正处于身体快速发育时期，缺乏体育锻炼可能会对他们未来的生活造成严重的影响。
75. In the second place, from psychological aspect, the majority of children seem to tend to have an unfavorable attitude toward additional educational activities.
第二，从心理上讲，大部分孩子似乎对额外的学习没有什么好感。
76. It is hard to imagine a student focusing their energy on textbook while other children are playing.
当别的孩子在玩耍的时候，很难想象一个学生能集中精力在课本上。
77. Moreover, children will have less time to play and communicate with their peers due to extra studies, consequently, it is difficult to develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills. They may become more solitary and even suffer from certain mental illness.
而且，由于要额外地学习，孩子们没有多少时间和同龄的孩子玩耍和交流，很难培养他们的个性和交际能力。他们可能变得孤僻甚至产生某些心理疾病。
78. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that, although extra studies indeed enjoy many obvious advantages, its disadvantages shouldn't be ignored and far outweigh its advantages. It is absurd to force children to take extra studies after school.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论：尽管额外学习的确有很多优点，但它的缺点不可忽视，且远大于它的优点。因此，放学后强迫孩子额外学习是不明智的。
79. Any parents should place considerable emphasis on their children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
任何家长都应非常重视保持孩子在学习与玩耍的平衡，正如那句老话：只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。
80. There is a growing tendency for parent these days to stay at home to look after their children instead of returning to work earlier.
现在，父亲或母亲留在家里照顾他们的孩子而不愿过早返回工作岗位正成为增加的趋势。
81. Parents are firmly convinced that, to send their child to kindergartens or nursery schools will have an unfavorable influence on the growth of children.
父母们坚定地相信把孩子送到幼儿园对他们的成长不利。
82. However, this idea is now being questioned by more and more experts, who point out that it is unhealthy for children who always stay with their parents at home.
然而，这一想法正遭受越来越多的专家的质疑，他们指出，孩子总是呆在家里，和父母在一起，是不健康的。
83. Although parent would be able to devote much more time and energy to their children, it must be admitted that, parent has less experience and knowledge about how to educate and supervise children, when compared with professional teachers working in kindergartens or nursery schools.
尽管父母能在他们孩子身上投入更多时间和精力，但是必须承认，与工作在幼儿园的专职教师相比，他们在如何管理教育孩子方面缺乏知识和经验。
84. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that, although the parents' desire to look after children by themselves is understandable, its disadvantages far outweigh the advantages.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出如下结论：尽管家长想亲自照看孩子的愿望是可以理解的，但是这样做的缺点远大于优点。
85. Parents should be encouraged to send their children to nursery schools, which will bring about profound impacts on children and families, and even the society as a whole.
应该鼓励父母将他们的孩子送到幼儿园，这将对孩子，家庭，甚至整个社会产生深远的影响。
86. Many leaders of government always go into raptures at the mere mention of artistic and cultural projects. They are forever talking about the nice parks, the smart sculptures in central city and the art galleries with various valuable rarities. Nothing, they maintain, is more essential than such projects in the economic growth.
只要一提起艺术和文化项目，一些政府领导就会兴奋不已，他们滔滔不绝地说着美丽的公园，城市中心漂亮的雕塑，还有满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆。他们认为在经济发展中，没有什么比这些艺术项目更重要了。
87. But is it really the case? The information I've collected over last few years leads me to believe that artistic and cultural projects may be less useful than many governments think. In fact, basic infrastructure projects are playing extremely important role and should be given priority.
这是真的吗？这些年我收集的信息让我相信这些文化、艺术项目并没有许多政府想象的那么重要。事实上，基础设施建设非常重要，应该放在首位。
88. Those who are in favor of artistic and cultural projects advocate that cultural environment will attract more tourists, which will bring huge profits to local residents. Some people even equate the build of such projects with the improving of economic construction.
那些赞成建设文化艺术项目的人认为文化环境会吸引更多的游客，这将给当地居民带来巨大的利益。一些人甚至把建设文化艺术项目与发展经济建设等同起来。
89. Unfortunately, there is very few evidence that big companies are willing to invest a huge sums of money in a place without sufficient basic projects, such as supplies of electricity and water.
然而，很少有证据表明大公司愿意把巨额的资金投到一个连水电这些基础设施都不完善的地方去。
90. From what has been discussed above, it would be reasonable to believe that basic projects play far more important role than artistic and cultural projects in people's life and economic growth.
通过以上讨论，我们有理由相信在人们的生活和经济发展方面，基础建设比艺术文化项目发挥更大的作用。
91. Those urban planners who are blind to this point will pay a heavy price, which they cannot afford it.
那些城市的规划者们如果忽视这一点，将会付出他们无法承受的代价。
92. There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. This problem has caused wide public concern in most cities all over the world.
农民进城打工正成为增长的趋势，这一问题在世界上大部分城市已引起普遍关注。
93. An investigation shows that many emigrants think that working at city provide them with not only a higher salary but also the opportunity of learning new skills.
一项调查显示许多民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。
94. It must be noted that improvement in agriculture seems to not be able to catch up with the increase in population of rural areas and there are millions of peasants who still live a miserable life and have to face the dangers of exposure and starvation.
必须指出，农业的发展似乎赶不上农村人口的增加，并且仍有成千上万的农民过着缺衣挨饿的贫寒生活。
95. Although rural emigrants contribute greatly to the economic growth of the cities, they may inevitably bring about many negative impacts.
尽管民工对城市的经济发展做出了巨大贡献，然而他们也不可避免的带来了一些负面影响。
96. Many sociologists point out that rural emigrants are putting pressure on population control and social order; that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs; and that they have worsened traffic and public health problems.
许多社会学家指出民工正给人口控制和社会治安带来压力。他们正在威胁着本已萧条的工作市场，他们恶化了交通和公共卫生状况。
97. It is suggested that governments ought to make efforts to reduce the increasing gap between cities and countryside. They ought to set aside an appropriate fund for improvement of the standard of peasants' lives. They ought to invite some experts in agriculture to share their experiences, information and knowledge with peasants, which will contribute directly to the economic growth of rural areas.
建议政府应该努力减少正在拉大的城乡差距。应该划拨适当的资金提高农民的生活水平；应该邀请农业专家向农民介绍他们的经验，知识和信息，这些将有助于发展农村经济。
98. In conclusion, we must take into account this problem rationally and place more emphases on peasants' lives. Any government that is blind to this point will pay a heavy price.
总之，我们应理智考虑这一问题，重视农民的生活。任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价。
99. Although many experts from universities and institutes consistently maintain that it is an inevitable part of an independent life, parents in growing numbers are starting to realize that people, including teachers and experts in education, should pay considerable attention to this problem.
尽管来自高校和研究院的许多专家坚持认为这是独立生活不可避免的一部分，然而越来越多的家长开始意识到包括教师和教育专家在内的人们应该认真对待这一问题。
100. As for me, it is essential to know, at first, what kind of problems young students possible would encounter on campus.
我认为，首先应看看学生们在校园可能遇到哪些问题。
101. In addition to the obvious problem--loneliness, another major obstacle, in my opinion, is the alien environment of campus.
除了孤独这一明显的问题之外，我认为另一个困难是对校园环境的不熟悉。
102. Freshmen often get lost on campus; fail to find the way to dormitory or library.
新生常常在校园迷路，不知道去宿舍或图书馆该怎么走。
103. Most important of all, apart from their hometown and parents, students couldn't catch sight of any familiar face and have to suffer from homelessness, which can cause certain serious mental disease.
更重要的是，离开了家乡和父母，看不到任何熟悉的面孔，他们不得不忍受思家之苦，这可能会导致严重的精神疾病。
104. In the first place, school authorities should provide far more services to help freshmen to get used to the new life as soon as possible.
首先，学校应提供更多的服务，帮助新生尽快适应新的生活。
105. The senior and junior students could share their own experience about how to overcome the difficulty they have ever met, how to adjust to the new environment with the new students.
高年级学生可以与新生一起分享他们的经历：如何克服遇到的困难，如何适应新的环境。
106. At the same time, young people should be encouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills, which may help them greatly to reduce dependence on their parents and are essential in the maintenance of healthy mental condition.
同时，应该鼓励年轻人和他们的同龄人交往，发展他们的交际能力，这将帮助他们极大地减少对父母的倚赖并且保持健康的精神状态。
107. In conclusion, we must lay emphasis on this problem and make our maximum contribution to help them spend their first day on campus smoothly.
总之，我们应重视这个问题，尽最大努力帮助他们平稳度过他们最初的校园生活。
108. There is a general discussion over fashion in recent years. One of the questions under debate is whether a person should choose comfortable clothes, which he or she likes, regardless of fashion.
近些年，关于时尚存在着广泛的争论。其中一个问题就是一个人是否应选择他喜欢的舒适的衣服，而不管是否时尚。
109. This issue is becoming a matter of concern for more and more people, especially for parents and experts in education.
这一问题已被越来越多的人所关注，尤其是父母和教育专家。
110. Many young people always go into raptures at the merely mention of buying fashion clothes. And they seem to be attracted by colorful material, various styles of fashion clothes. There is nothing, they maintain, that can't be compared with fashion clothes. In fact, fashion clothes had become indispensable part of youngster's life.
许多年轻人一提到时尚服装就兴高采烈。他们似乎被时尚服装那多彩的面料，各种不同的款式所吸引。
111. Many people seem to overlook the basic fact: the major function of clothing is to keep us warm and comfortable.
许多人似乎忽视了这个基本事实：衣服的基本功能是保持我们舒适和温暖。
112. Furthermore, people who addict to fashion clothes have to spend more time going shopping and pay more attention to the impression they make on others. As a result, it is impossible to devote enough time and energy in their study and job.
而且，沉湎于时尚服装的人们不得不花费更多时间逛商店，更加注意自己给别人的印象。因此，他们不可能有足够的时间用于学习或工作。
没有人能否认这一重要事实：最近几年交通问题在全世界受到了普遍关注。越来越多的专家开始相信这种状况将对当地的经济发展产生不利影响。
114. There are several reasons for this problem. One of the main reasons is that the number of vehicles is increasing much more rapidly than building of roads. Another primary reason is that there seem to be too many private cars and not enough public buses.
关于这个问题，有很多原因。一个主要原因是车辆增加的数量远快于道路的建设。另一个主要原因是私家车过多而公交车不够。
115. Meanwhile, the numbers of people, who have access to their own cars, have risen sharply in the recent years.
同时，拥有私人轿车的人数这几年却在快速增加。
116. Moreover, many people, including drivers and cyclists, do not obey the traffic rules properly, especially at busy intersections. And this undoubtedly worsens the already grave situation.
而且，许多人，包括司机和骑自行车的人，不能很好地遵守交通规则，特别是在繁忙的十字路口，这无疑使本已严重的状况雪上加霜。
117. The number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the number of public buses should be increased.
在城市私人轿车的数量应得到控制而公交车的数量应该增加。
118. When asked what kind of school they are willing to send their children to attend, many parents say they would choose a boarding school rather than day schools for their children.
当问到愿意将孩子送到哪种学校的时候，许多父母认为他们会选择寄宿学校而不是日制学校。
119. Many survey show that people in increasing numbers are beginning to recognize that boarding school provides better environment and facilities for children.
许多调查显示越来越多的人开始意识到寄宿学校能给他们的孩子提供较好的学习环境和设施。
120. At the same time, there are still many people who live under the traditional ideas that day schools play an extremely important role in children's study.
同时，仍有许多人持传统观点认为日制学校对孩子的学习发挥着极其重要的作用。
121. On the one hand, it is indisputable that boarding schools are exerting a growing important effect, especially in last few years.
一方面，寄宿学校正在发挥越来越重要的作用，尤其是最近几年，这是无可争辩的。
122. Students attend a boarding school would cultivate their independence as apart from their parents.
离开父母上寄宿学校的学生将会培养他们的独立性。
123. What's more, living in school can save them a great deal of time on the way between home and school everyday, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their academic work.
而且，生活在学校里能节省大量每天往返于学校和家的路上的时间，这会使他们有更多的时间和精力放在学习上。
124. On the other hand, the contribution of day schools can't be ignored.
另一方面，日制学校的贡献是不能忽视的。
125. Due to high tuition fee, most of ordinary families cannot afford to send their children to boarding schools.
因为较高的学费，大部分普通家庭支付不起他们的孩子上寄宿学校的费用。
126. Since it is unnecessary to consider student's routine life, day school can lay stress on teaching instead of other aspects, such as management of dormitory and cafeteria.
由于无需考虑学生的日常生活，日制学校可以将重点放在教学上而不是放在像宿舍和食堂管理这些方面。
127. Furthermore, students living in their own home would have access to a comfortable life and have more opportunities to communicate with their parents, which have beneficial impact on development of their personal character.
而且，学生生活在自己家中，有舒适的生活，并有更多机会和父母交流，这对他们个性的培养是有利的。
128. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that both of day schools and boarding schools are important to train young students for our society.
通过以上讨论，我们可以得出结论，寄宿学校和日制学校对我们社会培养年轻学生都是重要的。
129. There is much discussion over science and technology. One of the questions under debate is whether traditional technology and methods are bound to die out when a country begins to develop modern science and technology.
关于科学技术存在许多争论，其中一个问题是当国家发展现代科学技术时，传统的技术方法是否可能会消亡？
130. As for me, the declining of traditional technology and methods is not a bad thing; it is the natural result of progress of society.
我认为，传统技术方法的消亡不一定是坏事，这是社会进步的自然结果。
131. In the first place, some aspects of the traditional technology and methods are harmful and hampering the development of modern technology science.
首先，传统技术方法有些部分是有害的，并且会阻碍现代科技的发展。
132. Although modern science and technology have proved that such methods are absurd, there are still millions of people use such methods in many remote places nowadays.
尽管现代科学技术已经证明了这些方法是愚昧的，然而在许多偏僻的地方，仍有成千上万的人们在使用这些方法。
133. In the second place, many values of traditional technology are out of date and should be replaced by modern science.
第二点，许多传统技术方法已经过时，应被现代科技所取代。
134. Although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in people's life, an increasing evidences show that it is less useful than many people think.
尽管许多人保持着传统观念，认为传统技术方法在人们生活中仍发挥着重要作用，但是越来越多的证据显示它并没有人们想象的有用。
135. From what has been discussed above, I firmly believe that time will prove that traditional technology and methods would die out with the development of modern science and technology. The maintenance of the traditional technology and methods is futile.
通过以上讨论，我坚定地相信时间会证明传统技术方法将会随着现代技术的发展而消亡，坚持传统技术方法是徒劳的。
136. At the time when technology means ever more harmful carbon in the air we breathe, we need these forests now more than ever.
当技术的发展意味着我们会吸入更多有害气体时，我们比任何时候更需要森林。
137. Nothing is more important than to receive education.
没有比接受教育更重要的事。
138. We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.
我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
139. There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.
无可否认，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
140. It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.
全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。
141. There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫无疑问，我们的教育制度令人不满意。
142. An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won't create any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会产生任何污染。
143. The reason why we have to grow trees is that they can supply fresh air for us.
我们必须种树的原因是它们能供应我们新鲜的空气。
144. So precious is time that we can't afford to waste it.
时间是如此珍贵，我们不能浪费它。
145. Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.
虽然我们的国家很富有，但是我们的生活质量却令人很不满意。
146. The harder you work, the more progress you make.
你越努力，你越进步。
147. The more books we read, the more learned we become.
我们书读得越多，我们越有学问。
148. To average people, they often tend to live under the illusion that English often means a good opportunity for one's career, is this really the case?
对于一般人来说，他们常常以为掌握英语就意味着一份好的工作，然而这是真的吗？
149. By taking exercise, we can always stay healthy.
通过体育锻炼，我们能够始终保持健康。
150. Listening to music enables us to feel relaxed. 听音乐能使我们放松。
151. On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.
我们绝对不能忽视知识的价值。
152. It is time the authorities concerned took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.
该是有关当局采取适当的措施来解决交通问题的时候了。
153. Those who violate traffic regulations should be punished.
违反交通规则的人应该受到处罚。
154. There is no one but longs to go to college.
人们都希望上大学。
155. Since the examination is around the corner, I am compelled to give up doing sports.
既然考试迫在眉睫，我不得不放弃作运动。
156. It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.
可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。
157. Summer is sultry. That's the reason why I don't like it.
夏天很闷热，这就是我不喜欢它的原因。
158. The progress of the society is based on harmony.
社会的进步是以和谐为基础的。
159. We should bring home to people the value of working hard.
我们应该让人们知道努力的价值。
160. Taking exercise is closely related to health.
作运动与健康息息相关。
161. We should get into the habit of keeping good hours.
我们应该养成早睡早起的习惯。
162. The condition of our traffic leaves much to be desired.
我们的交通状况令人不满意。
163. Smoking has a great influence on our health.
抽烟对我们的健康有很大的影响。
164.
读书对心灵有益。
165. Overwork does harm to health.
工作过度对健康有害。
166. Pollution poses a great threat to our existence.
污染对我们的生存造成巨大威胁。
167. We should do our best to achieve our goal in life.
我们应尽全力去达成我们的人生目标。
168. Weather a large family is a good thing or not is a very popular topic, which is often talked about not only by city residents but by farmers as well.
家庭人口多好还是家庭人口少好是一个非常通俗的主题，不仅是城里人，而且农民都经常讨论这个问题。
169. As is known to all, fake and inferior commodities harm the interests of consumers.
众所周知，假冒伪劣商品损害了消费者的利益。
170. Today an increasing number of people have realized that law education is of great importance. In order to keep law and order, every one of us is supposed to get a law education.
现在，愈来愈多的人认识到法制教育的重要性。为了维护社会治安 ，我们每人都应该接受法制教育。
171. From what I have mentioned above, we can see clearly that violence on TV has great influence on youngsters' behavior.
从上面我所提到的，我们可以清楚地看到，电视暴力对青少年的影响是极其深远的。
172. There are two reasons for the improvement in people's living conditions. In the first place, we have been carrying out the reform and opening-up policy. Secondly, there has been a rapid expansion of our national economy. Furthermore, the birth rate has been put under control.
人民生活状况的改善原因有两点。首先，我们一直在贯彻执行改革开放政策。其次，国民经济正在迅速发展，而且出生率已经得到控制。
173. My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows. To begin with, it is urgent to create nature reserves. Secondly, certain rare wild animals that are going to be extinct should be collected, fed and reproduced artificially. Finally, those who hunter them must be punished severely.
我对解决这个问题的建议如下：首先，迫在眉睫的是建立自然保护区。其次，有些濒临灭绝的珍稀野生动物应该收捕、人工喂养并繁殖。最后，对于捕猎珍稀野生动物的人必须严惩。
174. People differ in their attitudes towards failure. Faced with it, some of them can stand up to it, draw useful lessons from it and try hard to fulfill what they are determined to do. Others, however, lose heart and give in.
人们对失败持有不同的态度。面对失败，有人能够经得起考验，从失败中汲取教训，并努力去完成他们下定决心要做的事情。然而，另一些人却丧失信心并退却了。
175. It is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centers, recreation centers, cinemas and other public facilities to meet the growing needs of people.
人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人们日益增长的需求。
176. As a popular saying goes, "everything has two sides." Now the public are benefiting more and more from scientific and technological inventions. On the other hand, the progress of science and technology is bringing us a lot of trouble. People in many countries are suffering from public hazards.
常言道：事情总是一分为二的。如今人们从科技发明中得到越来越多的好处。另一方面，科技进步也给我们带来了许多麻烦。现在许多国家 的人民饱受公害之苦。
177. Let's take cars for example. They not only pollute the air in cities, but make them crowded. Furthermore, they are responsible for a lot of traffic accidents. The noise made by cars disturbs the residents living on both sides of streets all day and night.
就拿汽车为例。汽车不仅污染城市空气，而且使城市拥挤不堪。此外，汽车造成许多交通事故。汽车所产生的噪音使居住在街道两旁的居民日夜不得安宁。
178. It is generally believed that the chief reason for the increase in population in developed countries is not so much the rise in birth rates as the decline in death rates as a result of the improvement in medical care.
普遍认为，在发达国家人口增长的主要原因与其说是出生率的上升，还不如说是由于医疗保健的改善使死亡率下降了。
179. There is no doubt that the increase in demand caused the rise in prices.
毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。
180. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易）引发的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
181. With the opening and reform policy being carried out, thousands upon thousands of foreign visitors are crowding into our country. They are eager to see this old mysterious land with a splendid culture of more than 5,000years.
随着改革开放政策的贯彻执行，数以万计的外国游人涌入中国。他们渴望参观这个有着5000多年灿烂文化的神秘古国。
182. Tourism brings
旅游业给中国带来许多好处。首先，它使中国人了解外界，并有助于促进友谊和理解。其次，在经济上也有利于我国，因为中国现代化建设需要大量的外汇。
183 Tourism, however, gives rise to a number of problems. For instance, it becomes a burden to inefficient transportation system.
旅游业也引起许多问题。例如，它增加了我国本来效率不高的运输系统的负担。
184. Besides, the living standard of the average Chinese is still not high enough to be able to afford the many different sorts of expensed during long distance travels.
此外，中国人民的生活水平还没有高到足以使普通中国人有钱支付长途旅行的各种开支。
185. As for me, with the development of our national economy, all these problems will certainly be solved step by step.
至于我，我相信，随着我国经济的发展，这些问题必将逐步解决。
186. A much better and brighter future awaits us.
我们期望有一个更加光明的未来。
187. When an opportunity comes, it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own.
每当机遇降临，伴之而来的是成功的希望，但是机遇不能自行实现成功。
188. If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you.
假如你要取得成就或要实现你的雄心壮志，你必须努力工作、艰苦奋斗、准备好条件。否则，机遇来临你却无法利用。
189. The difference between a man who succeeds and one who does not lies only in the way each treats opportunities. The successful person always makes adequate preparations to meet opportunities as they duly arrive. The unsuccessful person, on the other hand, works little and just waits to see pass by.
成功者与失败者的区别在于处理机遇的态度。成功者做好充分准备迎接机遇的适时来临。而失败者工作懒散，眼看机遇悄然而过。
190. In my opinion, there are plenty of opportunities for everyone in our society, but only those who are prepared adequately and qualified highly can make use of them to achieve purpose.
我的观点是：在我们的社会里，人人都有许多机遇，但是只有那些做好充分准备并且高度称职的人才能利用机遇达到目的。
191. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.
人类学家已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。
192. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.
一个地方的人口越多，对其水。交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。
193. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.
儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前，很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。
194. Children with parents whose guidance is firm, consistent, and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence.
父母的教导如果坚定，理性，始终如一，孩子就有可能充满自信。
195. Television, the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
电视，这项从迅速变化和成长为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步入一个新时代，一个极为成熟和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和世界。
196. Television is more than just an electronic appliance; it is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such becomes a powerful tool for reaching other human beings.
电视不仅仅是一件电器；它是表达的手段和交流的载体，并因此成为联系他人的有力工具。
197. I am always amazed when I heard people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.
每当我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情，说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话，我都倍感诧异。
198. One of the great early writers wrote that: Work is the grand cure of all the maladies and miseries that ever beset mankind. If this is true, then the present situation should make us wonder whether the measure that the average worker is obliged to retire at the age of 50 is reasonable.
一位伟大的作家曾写到：工作是医治人间一切病痛和疾苦的万应良药。 如果是这样的话，那么现在的状况应使我们想一想，强迫普通工人在50岁退休是否合理。
199. "The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumstances they want, and if they cannot find them, make them." Such is the remark made by Bernard Shaw, a great writer. This view has been shared now by more and more people.
著名作家萧伯纳曾说过：在这个世界上取得成功的人，都努力去寻求他们想要的机会，如果找不到时，他们就自己创造机会。这一观点现在正在被越来越多的人所接受。
200. Adler is correct in this assertion that education does not end with graduation.
阿得勒这句话很正确，教育不能随着毕业而结束
2008年作文试题18套解析汇编与满分作文精选汇编
第一套
全国1卷（河北、河南、山西、陕西、广西）
阅读下面的文字，根据要求写一篇不少于800字的文章。
2008年5月12日14时28分，四川省汶川县发生里氏8.0级特大地震。
人民的生命高于一切。
胡锦涛、温家宝等党政军领导人迅速赶赴灾区指导抗震救灾。
十多万解放军、武警和公安民警，各省市的救援队、医疗队、工程抢修队迅速进入灾区，港澳救援队和国际救援队飞抵灾区。志愿者从四面八方汇聚灾区。救援物资从水陆空源源不断运进灾区。
一位中学教师趴在讲台上用生命保护了下面的四个学生。一位失去15个亲人的县民政局长连续指挥救灾5天只睡了七个小时。幸存者的生还奇迹在不断突破。100小时、150小时、196小时――
中央电视台24小时播报。19日14时28分举国哀悼。
一样的爱心，不一样的表达。捐款、献血、义演、关注――
要求选一个角度构思作文，自主确定立意，确定文体，确定标题，不要脱离材料的内
容及含义的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。
【考题评析】
在高考前，大家对汶川地震的期望度很高，应该说大部分考生都能如愿以偿押中了今年的高考作文题目，作为全国卷，紧扣当前热点，还是有些出乎笔者意料。根据汶川地震发生的时间可以知道，这个作文题目可能是命题人的临时更改。
这个作文题目很好地体现了命题人的情感指向，责任感、使命感，毕竟汶川地震不仅对中国产生了重大影响，而且对整个世界也产生了影响，这个体现了出题人的人文关怀，大眼界，大视角。
这个作文题目应该说每个考生都有话可说，因为亲情、友谊、互助这些都是中华民族的优良传统，即使对汶川地震不是太了解，也一样可以写出动人的文章。考生要抓住最后的一句话：“关爱相同，只是形式不同。”
【满分佳作】
青山一道同风雨
“轻轻地握着你的手，为你把眼泪擦干。这颗心永远属于你，告诉我不再孤单。”
5月19日14时28分起，整个奔忙飞跑的中国，在尖利的防空警报声后停顿三分钟。
七天前的同一时刻，一场特大地震撼动了大半个中国，神州上下，共此国殇。
国殇是一场悲剧，然而，国殇更是一次空前的团聚。
很久之前，诗人王昌龄这么写道：“青山一道同风雨，明月何曾是两乡。”青山无法阻隔我们风雨同舟的携手，地域也不会隐没团结一心的中华民族头上那轮共有的明月。
一个人，一丝希望，一颗坚定的心。当救援部队在汶川大地震的废墟下救出被困60余小时的姑娘乐刘会时，在场的人们激动地哭了，而她却没有哭。“我相信有人会来
救我的，一定会，我相信你们！”从未掉过一滴眼泪，这个看上去灰头土脸的妙龄女子始终微笑着，紧紧拉着救援人员的手。一双手和十几双手紧紧地交握，这是一个灾民与她的救命恩人们最质朴也最真诚的团聚。
五千米的高空有多高？问起参加救援的解放军战士，他们会告诉你：五千米是我们能否拉住受灾人民的手的距离，是生与死的距离。五千米，这个国际专业领域深感不可能执行的跳伞高度，被解放军空降战士抛在脑后。拨不开汶川上空连天蔽日的迷雾，但他们必须拨开震区人民心上的乌云。就这样，“人民的军队”从五千米的高空降下，给灾区断绝天日、与世隔绝的乡镇带去了救命的福音。村人们激动地说：“解放军来了！”这壮烈的一幕便不只出现在革命战争年代，这是一地乡民与国家之间最动人的团聚。
海洋曾把世界割裂成对立的区域，而今天海洋再不能阻断世界的爱心汇聚到一起。这爱心来自东邻日本每一个便利店前的捐款箱，来自大洋彼岸的美国遍及各州的慈善机构，来自大陆西岸那些并不富有的亚非国家一笔笔友谊的捐款……中国和某些国家因意识形态而产生的分歧，在灾难面前湮没成沙，随着飞机和航船源源不断地向着东方的中国而来，这是全世界各个国家的人心最盛大的团聚。
怆然灾难，古来有之。然而历史由古至今，谁可曾见过这般撼天动地、凝聚人心的团结？《史记》中有云，民与民同心，则家安之；君与民同心，则国兴之。在今天，则是人民与人民、人民与国家、国家与世界的携手，又何愁家不安、国不兴？デ嗌揭坏溃我们同历风雨共团聚；而将五洲四海的人心联结在一起的纽带，是这样一种期望：为天下立心，为生民立命，为往圣继绝学，为万世享太平！
【名师点评】
此文在亮出“国殇是一场悲剧，然而，国殇更是一次空前的团聚”这一观点后，精选典型事例，通过“一个灾民与她的救命恩人们最质朴也最真诚的团聚”等三个层次，逐层深入地展开论证，最后归结出“在今天，则是人民与人民、人民与国家、国家与世界的携手，又何愁家不安、国不兴”。全文见解新颖，内容集中，思路清晰，材料丰富。
文章语言流畅，巧妙融合现代歌词、古代诗文、现实场景于一炉，“青山无法阻隔我们风雨同舟的携手，地域也不会隐没团结一心的民族头上那轮共有的明月”“五千米是我们能否拉住受灾人民的手的距离，是生与死的距离”“拨不开汶川上空连天蔽日的迷雾，但他们必须拨开震区人民心上的乌云”等文句既饱含深情又文采飞扬，体现出作者深厚的写作功底。
《青山一道同风雨》一文不是简单地罗列现象，而是将内容集中到“团聚”这一个点上，取得了很好的表达效果。它给我们的启示是：考场作文角度要巧，开掘要深，应善于以小见大。（唐惠忠）
第二套
全国2卷
海龟和老鹰
南太平洋的小岛上，有很多绿海龟孵化小龟的沙穴。一天黄昏，一只幼龟探头探脑地爬出来。一只老鹰直冲下来要叼走它。一位好心的游客发现了它，连忙跑过去赶走老鹰，护着小龟爬进大海。可是，意想不到的事情发生了，沙穴里成群的幼龟鱼贯而出――原来，先出来的那幼龟是个“侦查兵”，一旦遇到危险，它便缩回去，现在它安全到达大海，错误的信息使幼龟们争先恐后地爬到毫无遮挡的海滩。好心的游客走了，原先那只在等待时机的老鹰又飞回来了，其它老鹰也跟过来了。
要求选择一个角度构思作文。自主确定立意，确定文体，确定标题；不要脱离材料内容及做含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。
【考题评析】
这个题目也属于“新材料作文”，属于一个寓言故事，也属于有关系性作文，这个故事的含义比较浅显：人的动机和结果有时可能不一致。即有些人是抱着好心去帮助别人，但结果却适得其反。比如教育问题，父母教育孩子可以出于好心，但父母对孩子的教育往往只顾及到个人的需要和想法，没有顾及到孩子的需要和感受。有位诗人曾对这种情况有一句精彩的描述：世界上最大的伤害往往是以爱的名义。所以人做事，不能光靠爱心，考一腔热情，还要顾虑对方的需要和感受，要多从别人的角度考虑。
立意原则：遵照事物发展规律,否则只能是事与愿违,南辕北辙.如缘木求鱼杀鸡取卵，相对于时代材料是赈灾的科技,而不能蛮干硬干。
【满分佳作】
变味的善良
我们总站在富足的地方悯惜贫穷，总躺在安全的地方怒斥邪恶，总在五十步笑百步后呼唤远离冷漠，总在血痕淡去后才忙着计算生命的价值。
于是，我们俯身怜悯的姿态伤害了别人的自尊。
每次灾难过后，都有太多的人争先领养孤儿；当这片热潮过去，又有太多的孤儿陷入苦难。据心理学家分析，领养孤儿要考虑自己的经济状况，家庭氛围要与孩子原先的家庭相似，教育方式、家长性格都要与孤儿相适宜。但是，太多的人仅凭自己一腔热血，用热心换回的却是家庭的分裂。孩子们再次面临家园破碎的痛苦，伤害再次打击无辜孩子柔弱的心灵，善良由甜蜜变为苦涩。
于是，我们用沸腾的热血烫伤了他人的肉体。2008年奥运会是我们中国人的奥运，举国欢庆，气氛火热，圣火传递，同一世界，一梦想。但是，不和谐的色彩也玷污了奥运火红的火炬和绿色的橄榄枝。据报道，8岁孩童用55天时间完成抵京“马拉松式”的赛跑；10岁孩子捆绑双臂在激流中前行；8岁女孩在父亲陪同下步行3000多千米到达首都北京……这些行为引起中国甚至世界媒体的关注，其中不乏外国媒体以此对中国奥运的诋毁。不实评论须全力抵制，但也不可否认，这是“畸形奥运热”。我们要举办一个理性的奥运，就需要以理性的行为作为支撑。我们的热情不该由火热的激情变得疯狂。
甚至，我们在用热血烫伤他人肉体时，也烫伤他人的心灵。2008年5月12日汶川大地震发生后，我们以最迅速、最团结的行动援救了太多的生命，我们赢得了世界的尊重。无数的闪光灯聚焦四川，闪烁着无数动人感人的故事，但也刺伤了灾区人们的瞳眸。被成功救援的孩子本是幸运的，但有记者为了采访，一遍遍唤起他们沉痛的回忆，孩子失声痛哭，大人们也泣不成声；有些热心的志愿者毫无救灾意识却前往灾区，虽怀有一颗炽热之心实际却是给灾区添乱。不正确的救援动作，不完善的服务行为，不合理的安慰帮助，带给灾区人民的是“二次伤害”。我们发现，善良由本意的抚慰变成了利剑。
中华民族是坚毅、热情、善良的民族。当我们挺过洪水、挺过“非典”，挺过不法分子对祖国的分裂和对奥运的亵渎，我们也必将挺过惨烈的汶川大地震，成功地举办一届奥运盛会。但我们需要更多的思索和行动，需要站在别人的角度理性而全面地看问题。ト谩鞍人之心”深入我们的血液，让我们永葆善良的甜蜜，为善良保鲜，使它不褪色，不变质，不变味。
【名师点评】
这是一篇很有见地的思想评论，充分体现出作者对社会生活的关注与可贵的理性思维。从结构上看，全文呈“总―分―总”式，主体部分的层次划分虽未必严密（更好的处理可能是把第一层放到最后），但它紧扣了三大热点――仅凭一腔热血领养孤儿、“畸形奥运热”以及汶川地震后某些“烫伤他人肉体”甚至“烫伤他人的心灵”的“善举”。这些事件多为人们所关心、所熟悉的最“热”的时事，读者很容易将作者的论述与自己的认识进行对比、印证和分析，从而获得有益的启迪。这样一来，文章的针对性和现实意义就特别强。ノ闹械钠饰隼渚病⒊廖榷不乏锋芒（比如“虽怀有一颗炽热之心实际却是给灾区添乱”），遣词造句洗练、朴实而富于辩证色彩（比如“不实评论须全力抵制，但也不可否认，这是‘畸形奥运热’”），读来既有很强的说服力，又能激起读者的共鸣。
把握事物的外部联系和表面特征，是认识的开始，但是，认识不能仅仅停留在表面现象上。要想把认识导向深入，还需要进一步探求事物的内在特征、本质属性，由感性认识上升到理性认识。为此，动笔写作前需仔细审度，深入探究，不可贸然作出判断。（唐惠忠）
第三套
北京卷
材料作文。学生根据材料自选角度，自拟题目写一篇不少于800字的文章，除诗歌外体裁不限。
在课堂上，老师拿了一个玻璃杯，里面放了一个大石头，差不多和杯子一样大，老师问大家：杯子满了吗？
一个学生回答：没满，还可以放沙子。
待学生放完沙子，老师又问：满了吗？
全班同学回答满了，有一个男孩却回答没有满，还可以放水。
老师笑了，接着把沙子和石头倒出来，杯子是空的。
这回老师是往杯子里放沙子和水，然后问大家，杯子满了吗？如果要放石头进去，该怎么放？
男孩就把杯子里的沙子和水倒出来，先把石头放进去
【考题评析】近几年，全国各地的高考作文命题比较热衷于材料作文。材料作文相比命题作文更加具有灵活性、新鲜性和开放性，这样一来，更能发动考生的主动性，不至于没有话写，也不至于瞎编乱造，写一些陈腐刻板的东西。
鉴于材料作文的这些特点，那么重点就在于如何挖掘题目所提供材料的内涵，然后挑选你最有把握的一点进行作文。
具体对此道材料作文而言，首先是审读材料。这则师生简短对话材料看是简单，其实是极富生活哲理。初看材料，若是不细心的考生会极易取“答案是丰富多彩的”之意，但这个显然有点偏题，显然不可取。
此题大致可以从这几点立意：1.学无止境；2.变与不变；3.过程与结果、方法与结果；4.思维的魅力、思维灵活性；5.相对空间与绝对空间等等，自己选取一个好的切合题目的立意，可以写一篇思辨议论文也可以写成优美的散文。
这个题目审题一定要新、深、准，立意好之后，在装入一些新鲜的材料，这样文章得高分自然也不难了。
【满分佳作】
超 越 极 限
孟子云：“天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。”可见，要想成就一番大事业，就必须敢于超越极限。
海伦•凯勒被马克•吐温誉为19世纪最伟大的两个人之一。她儿时因患一场大病丧失了视觉和听觉，但她并没有向命运低头，挑战了生命的极限，学会了英语(Q吧)、德语、希腊语、拉丁语等多种语言，最终以优异的成绩考入哈佛大学。她用亲身的经历告诉我们要敢于超越人生的艰难险阻，披荆斩棘地闯出一条自己的路来。
“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。”愈是艰难的绝境，愈能促进人发挥潜力，超越看似不可征服的极限。红军的长征，在当今世界被誉为奇迹，在漫漫的二万五千里路途中，红军战士忍受着“烽火连三月，家书抵万金”的孤独，挑战了忠孝的极限；爬雪山，过草地，饥寒交加，为了灾难深重的民族的解放，红军战士们挑战了生理的极限。正是有了许许多多像红军长征精神一样的超越，我们才有了不断的攀登与进步。
刚刚过去的汶川大地震又给了我们许多对于人生极限的思考。温总理说的最让人难忘的一句话：“只要有一线希望，我们就决不放弃。”武警官兵们不顾自己的安危，在随时可能到来的余震中奋力救人，表现出对使命和人民的无限忠诚；医务工作者不分昼夜抢救灾民，给“救死扶伤”一个最大限度的诠释；我们平常总说母爱是伟大的，地震中那个用自己的身体保护孩子的母亲用行动再次诠释了什么是母爱的大境界，突破了爱的极限；在超过72小时生命存活极限之后，仍有许多的灾民被救活，这不仅是生命的奇迹，更是对生死极限的顽强跨越。试想，人类连生死极限都能跨越，还有什么我们不能超越的“极限”呢？
吉尼斯纪录，就可以说是对极限的考验。但随着时间的推移，纪录被不断打破更新，可见极限不过是个具有时效性的字眼。就像那个实验中，桶中看似已装满了石块，但却又可以倒“满”沙子，甚至倒“满”水。很赞同那个学生的观点，“很多事情看起来达到了极限，实际上还存在很大空间”。
也许现在我们还没有“捐躯赴国难，视死忽如归”的气概，没有“人生自古谁无死，留取丹心照汗青”的胸怀，没有“举世皆浊我独清，众人皆醉我独醒”的睿智，但只要我们心中有理想、有勇气、有毅力，定能超越自己的极限，创造一切的可能！
【名师点评】
这是一篇议论文，作者以题目中的材料为依据，又不拘于题目材料，提炼出了“超越极限”的中心论题，体现了新材料作文的特点。
本文最大的亮点是紧紧围绕中心论题，选用了一组很有说服力的论据来论证自己的观点，这些论据有名人名言，有名人事迹，还有红军与“5•12”大地震灾民的群体事迹，以及吉尼斯纪录被不断更新的事实等，材料显得丰富充实。
全文说古论今，从孟子的“生于忧患”中提出了敢于超越的前提条件，从海伦的事迹中，从红军长征的事迹中，从四川汶川大地震中人们表现出来的勇敢、坚强中说明了超越的可能性。
为了能体现文章与题目的紧密关系，作者在倒数第二段中再现了题目材料内容，并引用材料中一个学生的话说明了“很多事情看起来达到了极限，实际上还存在很大空间”，从而让作文与题目材料的关系紧密。虽然新材料作文不要求一定引用材料内容，但恰当地引用是明智的。（李锡琴）
第四套
天津卷
《人之常情》
字数800字，除诗歌和戏剧外，文体不限。
【考题评析】
这个作文题目看似平庸，其实非常细腻，而且也大有写头。这个作文题目沿袭了2007年高考作文对人生，对生活、对社会的关注。也是属于关系型作文，“人之常情”就是对人与人之间交情的肯定性看法。肯定要涉及到人与人之间的关系。因为作文题目外延宽泛，所以一定要选一个小的角度才能写得生动，写出文采。
【满分佳作】
人 之 常 情
――“好好活着”
危难之际，共和国总理站在废墟上安慰悲痛欲绝的百姓要“好好活着”，把人之常情传递到了极致； 灾祸临头，军队子弟兵临阵受命，用挑战极限的付出与承受，鼓舞着“活着就有希望”的决心，把人之常情升华到了信念； 苦痛肆虐，不甘命运摆布的坚强国人勇敢无畏，珍惜“还能活下来”的生命，以坚韧不拔的人之常情感动了世界。
因为能够“活了下来”，在强悍的自然面前，人们以超然的姿态表现出悲伤而不愤怒，痛苦而不压抑，无奈而不绝望的冷静，让一个最普通的人之常情――“活着真好”，闪耀出人性的纯真与坚强。从生存的特殊时期悟出“活着”的生命意义，得以重拾起生活的初衷，痛悔往日的红尘喧嚣给我们的污染，仿佛一个昼夜就让我们站到了成人行列。
曾经计较过那么多的不情愿，让自己生活在患得患失的怨恨中，因为出身卑微，花十二分的努力才达到他人三分工夫所达到的境地；因为长相平平，尽管心地善良却总得不到异性的青睐……如果不是这场灾难的降临，我可能会终生徘徊在这人生阴影中，因为我不懂“活着真好”这份人之常情的真正含义。
人之常情最能创造奇迹的原来是“活着真好”！
“活着”的信仰已不是满足肉体的衣食所需、物欲享受，而是战胜悲哀，走出落寂的挑战。
生活路途不会一帆风顺，荆棘与风雨摧残着我们的躯体和意志，金钱和利益侵吞着我们的灵魂和情感，背负着太多的期待，已经举步维艰，未老先衰了。“感谢”苍天给了我一个认识自己的机会，洗刷了内心的污垢和情感的杂锈，明白了真善美的源头出处。
“活着真好！”给了人生一次重新再来的豪情。“艰难困苦，玉汝于成”，功名利禄不过是南柯一梦，荣华富贵亦是镜花水月，曾经斤斤计较的东西竟然是那般虚幻而浅薄。抹去羞愧的泪水，睁大不再迷茫的双眸，给自己加油：“活出一个新的自我！”
懂得了自尊，学会了坚强，拥有了信念，活出能震撼世态常情的人生。
“好好”地活着，你相信我吗？
【名师点评】
本文在选材上很值得借鉴。汶川地震灾难之后写情感，多数会引人重新陷入还未摆脱哀伤的圈中，反而会使选材过于集中，而忽视文中其他亮色。但此文作者非常机智，既以“5•12”地震为题材，又选取其他题材，将二者紧密结合在一起，使文章既具时代特色又不至于过分集中到某个题材上，造成考(Q吧)场上选材的撞车。
文章以排比段开头，以“5•12”地震为题材，将人之常情与“活着真好”连接起来，引出话题，又扣住了题目，给文章写作定了位，将抽象的题目具体化。主体部分，采用层层深入的方式揭示“活着真好”的内涵：先写非常时期悟出“活着”的生命意义，再写平常时期自己不能懂得“活着真好”这份人之常情的真正涵义，形成对比，揭示“活着真好”的涵义；在此基础上，作者进一步指出“活着”的信仰已不是满足肉体的衣食所需、物欲享受，而是战胜悲哀，走出落寂的挑战，上升到哲理、人生探求，使文章主题深刻、高远。结尾问中有答的余味又为文章增添了一笔精彩，把成熟之后的思考表现为将付诸行动的誓言，尤其是“好好地”寓意深刻。（李广元）
第五套
上海卷
平常大家关注更多的也许是“我们”，如果把视线转向“他们”，你会看到什么，又会想到什么？请以《他们》为题写一篇文章。不少于800字，不写成诗歌，不得透露个人相关信息。
【考题评析】
锦州市08-09学年普通高中高二上学期期末考试
地理试题（必修?第三模块）
注意事项：
1． 本试卷备有答题卡，请在答题卡上作答，否则无效。
2． 本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（综合题）两部分，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共60分）
本试卷共30小题，每小题2分，共计60分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一
项是符合题目要求的，不选、多选、错选均不得分。
中国石油天然气集团公司2007年5月3日宣布，在渤海湾滩海地区发现储量规模达10亿吨的大油田――冀东南堡油田。读我国石油生产量和消费量变化图，石油对外依存度是指在石油总消费量中进口石油所占的比例。回答1～3题。
1． 一般认为，当一国资源的对外依存度达到20?～30?时，就面临较高的风险。我国2003年石油资源对外依存度达
A．36．4? B.30? C.60? D.20?
2．关于我国石油生产和消费特点的正确叙述是
A．1995年石油进口量为零 B.未来我国能源生产的重点在东部
B．石油消费量增长较慢 D.石油生产增长缓慢
3．此次冀东南堡油田的发现对我国的影响有
A．增强我国能源安全供应的保障能力 B.彻底改变能源结构
C．结束我国石油进口的历史 D.促进我国的石油消费
我国农牧用地过渡地带分布图，完成下题。
4．图中原过渡地带与可能变动带的关系可以说明
A．农业用地向畜牧用地转变 B．原畜牧用地向林业用地转变
C．原畜牧用地向农业用地转变 D．原林业用地向农业用地转变
读右图，回答5～7题。
5．这些沙漠化土地主要分布在我国的
A．华南、华东和华北地区 B.西北、西南和东北地区
C．西北、东北和华北地区 D.东北、华北和西南地区
6．这些新出现的沙漠化土地形成的主要成因是
A．人类对土地不合理的开发利用，使植被受到破坏所致
B．人类发展工农业生产所致
C．降水减少，蒸发加剧的结果
D．气候干旱，沙丘不断向农牧业地区推进的结果
7．在这些沙漠化地区，人们解决生活燃料问题最为可取的方式
A．结合积蓄肥料，大力发展沼气
B．结合植树造林，大力发展薪炭林
C．因地制宜，充分开发利用风能、太阳能等新能源
D．结合农田水利建设，开发利用小水电
8．雨林做为环境资源在干旱地区的主要作用是
A．净化空气、吸烟滞尘 B.涵养水源、保持水土
B．防风固沙、保护农田 D.美化环境、减弱噪声
9．雨林生态系统的脆弱性，主要表现在
A．生物残体分解得快 B.植物生长速度慢
C．养分几乎全部储存在地上的植物体内 D.群落以高大密集的乔木为主
10．关于亚马孙热带雨林的开发与保护,叙述正确的是
A．发达国家已认识到热带雨林保护的意义，因此对热带雨林的破坏不应再负任何责任
B．亚马孙雨林的开发与保护是矛盾的，不可调和
C．亚马孙雨林的开发与保护只对这一地区的国家有利
D．保护亚马孙雨林，不仅是当地国家和人民的义务，而且是整个国际社会都应对此负责，尤其是发达国家应承担更多的责任
读某山地中部降水量随高度变化图（右图），回答11～13题。
11．该地最可能属于
A．台湾山脉 B.秦岭山脉
C. 南岭山脉 D.天山山脉
12．图中①②两地所处的坡向及迎风坡水汽的来源是
A．①北坡，②南坡，水汽来自太平洋
B．①北坡，②南坡，水汽来自大西洋、北冰洋
C．①南坡，②北坡，水汽来自太平洋
D．①南坡，②北坡，水汽来自大西洋、北冰洋
13．降水量为300mm的地点在北坡对应的海拔是
降水量为450mm的地点在南坡对应的海拔是 。
A．3750m、1000m B.1000m、3750m
C．2000m、3000m D.3000m、2000m
读珠江三角洲产业结构变化示意图。回答下题。
14．下列有关该区域产业结构变化的说法正确的是
A．由低级形态向高级形态发展变化
B．资源密集型→技术密集型→资金密集型
C．对环境的影响经历了重度污染→中度污染→轻度污染的过程
D．这种变化是发达国家向外转移产业的结果
工业化与城市化是推动区域经济、社会发展的主要动力。下图是我国四个地区区域城市
化的典型模式，读图回答15～16题。
15．图中①②③④代表的地区依次是
A．苏南地区、珠江三角洲地区、浙江温州地区、东北地区
B．浙江温州地区、苏南地区、东北地区、珠江三角洲地区
C．珠江三角洲地区、浙江温州地区、苏南地区、东北地区
D．东北地区、珠江三角洲地区、浙江温州地区、苏南地区
16、珠江三角洲地区工业化与城市化过程中出现的问题不包括
A．产业升级面临困难
B.城市建设相对落后
C．生态环境问题日趋严重 D.产业转移日渐加强
17．珠江三角洲与长江三角洲、京津唐地区相比，其区位条件的不足之处是
①产业基础相对薄弱
②市场腹地相对狭小
③科技实力和人才队伍相对薄弱
④改革开放重心北移
A．①②③ B.③④ C.①④ D.②③④
18．关于珠江三角洲地区产业结构的叙述，正确的是
A．轻工业和微电子工业不发达，严重制约着珠江三角洲地区的进一步发展
B．该地区正在以广州为基地，发展钢铁、汽车、造船等原材料工业和装备制造业，以此推动地区的产业升级
C．珠江三角洲地区的产业升级主要以发展高新技术产业为主
D．不久，中山市将成为珠江三角洲地区的石化、钢铁和造船基地
读下图，回答19～23题。
19．甲、乙两图所示区域农业耕作制度及作物品种不同的主要原因是
A．土壤不同 B.热量不同 C.降水不同 D.地形不同
20．甲图中P平原区域开发的一个重要方向就是要充分发挥
A．气候资源优势 B.动物资源 C.劳动力资源优势 D.土地资源优势
21．针对甲图所示区域的特点，该地区将成为全国性的
①商品粮基地 ②商品棉基地 ③林业基地 ④牧业基地
A．①② B.②③ C.①③ D.②④
22．下列能够正确体现乙图所示区域的特征的项目是
①有广泛分布的黑土 ②雨热同期，大陆性气候稍强 ③水稻土
④水田 ⑤水稻种植业 ⑥综合性工业基地
⑦重工业基地 ⑧旱地耕作业
A．①②③④ B.③④⑤⑥ C.⑤⑥⑦⑧ D.②⑦⑧
23．甲图所示区域比乙图所示区域的粮食产量低，但粮食商品率高的主要原因是
A．水分条件好 B.热量条件好 C.人均耕地面积大D.交通发达
下图表示20世纪下半叶东亚劳动密集型产业转移主要对象国（或地区）的变化。读图，
完成24～25题。
24．图中①所示国家或地区是
A．日本 B.韩国 C.中国香港地区 D.中国台湾地区
25．图中所示产业可能是
A．纺织、服装、电子装配 B.机械、化工、电力
C．食品、电子、宇航 D.煤炭、钢铁、汽车
读“我国能源调运”图，回答26～28题。
26．图中①、②、③三条运输路线输送的主要能源分别为
A．煤炭、天然气、水电 B．石油、天然气、煤炭
C．天然气、石油、水电 D．煤炭、石油、天然气
27．②线路的走向所考虑的主要经济因素是
A．地形类型 B.人口分布 C.城市分布 D.交通线路
28．有关西电东送产生的影响，说法不正确的是
A．有利于输出地和输入地大气环境质量的改善
B．有利于促进输出地和输入地经济的发展
C．有利于缓解轶路运输的压力
D．有利于我国能源结构的调整
东北地区农业生产条件地域差异显著，农业生产的地域性突出，因地制宜组织生产，就形成了各具特点的农业布局。完成下列29～30题
29．下列关于东北耕作区粮食作物的分布叙述中，正确的是
A．耕作区粮食作物中，小麦分布最普遍
B．小麦种植比例由南到北逐渐减少
C．玉米由南到北种植比例逐渐增多
D．水稻多分布在辽河、松花江流域的大型灌区以及东部山区的河谷盆地
30．关于林区和特产区以及畜牧业区的叙述，正确的是
A．大小安岭是我国第二大林区，主要树种有兴安落叶松
B．小兴安岭是我国主要的鹿茸、人参等珍贵药材产区
C．长白山是我国最大的柞蚕茧产区
D．西部畜牧区的三河马和三河牛是闻名全国的优良品种
第Ⅱ卷（综合题
共40分）
31．（7分）根据材料和图，完成下列问题。
材料一：塔里木河位于新疆南部，是中国最大的内陆河，是重要的棉花、石油化工基地，也是新疆特色果品的生产基地。
材料二：“浊卷风沙埋河道，欲哭无泪哀胡杨”，是塔里木河下游断流干涸的真实写照。塔里木盆地边缘古丝绸之路南道及连接的古城，几乎全部被深埋在沙漠腹地。
材料三：国务院批复《塔里木河流域近期综合治理规划报告》中一些具体做法：上游：实施节水改造，并在源流上建若干个山区水库。中游：修建近800千米的堤防，以减少每年因决口而浪费的10多亿立方米的河水。下游：跨流域调水，主要是由博斯腾湖向塔里木河下游的绿色走廊输水。2002年，塔里木河实施了全流域水资源的统一调度和管理，2003年塔里木河干流开始征收水费。
（1） 如材料1所述，塔里木河流域是重要的绿洲农业区。在引水灌溉中，应注意
避免 的灌溉方式，而采用 等灌溉方式，发展节水农业，避免农业耕作区的土地发生 。（3分）
（2）材料2中提到“古丝绸之路南道及连接的古城，几乎全部被深埋在沙漠腹地”，这
反映了绿洲因 而后退。（2分）
（3）材料3中对塔里木河流域进行综合开发的措施，体现了在干旱的内陆河流域，应该 ，既要考虑上游地区的开发，也在考虑中下游地区的生态环境保护。（2分）
32．（15分）下面是某研究性学习小组从因特网上搜集到的两则信息，分析回答下列问题。
材料（一）东北曾是世界著名的商品大豆产区，是我国主要食用油的来源。加入WTO后，2001年江苏某榨油厂却进口美国大豆1396万吨，约相当于我国一年的大豆产量，同年东北却有七成积压在农村。
材料（二）东北和美国进口大豆的产销成本调查（X为美国每吨大豆的加工成本）。
东北大豆
美国大豆
生产成本（元/千克）
1．6
0．8
运输（元/千克）
0．045
0．04
出油率（?）
17
20
加工成本（元/吨）
10+X
X
（1）东北曾是世界著名的商品大豆产区的主要自然条件是什么？（3分）
（2）2001年江苏某榨油厂“舍近求远”从美国进口大豆的主要原因是什么？（3分）
（3）请你分析造成东北大豆生产成本高的主要原因。（2分）
（4）该学习小组要将研究成果“东北大豆的出路”呈报给政府供决策参考。如果你是小组成员，你会提出哪些建议？（4分）
（5）东北不仅是大豆产区，也是我国著名的商品粮基地。分析东北作为商品粮基地与我国其它商品粮基地相比突出的特点。（3分）
33．（12分）流域的开发对区域发展有重要意义。美国田纳河的开发与治理就是一个成功的范例。阅读下面材料，回答下列问题。
材料一：田纳西河流域示意图
材料二：田纳西河域管理局（TVA）制定的田纳西河流域治理协调系统。
（1） 田纳西河流域开发的区位优势是什么？（4分）
（2） 列举田纳西河流域开发的综合效益。（3分）
（3） 田纳西河水库每年 月 日开始放水。理由是什么？（3分）
（4） 田纳西河水主要靠大气降水补给。根据流域的气候特征，田纳西河水量季节变化有
什么特点？（2分）
34．（6分）读图1和图2，回答（1）～（3）题。
（1） 根据图1所示规律，发达国家重点发展的是哪一阶段的产业？（2分）
A．a B.c C.d D.b
（2） 按图2所示，发达国家向发展中国家转移的是产品的哪一环节？（2分）
A．设计 B.加工 C.营销 D.设计+加工
（3） 按照图1和图2所示规律，发展中国家将永远落后于发达国家。为了改变这种状况，发展中国家在接受发达国家产业转移和发展自身工业方面的做法，正确的是（2分）
A．全面吸收发达国家的产业转移
B．着重发展劳动密集型和资金密集型产业
C．积极引进处于成熟期的产业
D．在外国企业的帮助下学习工艺和产品创新技能，逐步升级制造能力，促使产业快
速成长。
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