海淀区高三年级第二学期期中练习
英 语 2008.4
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。第Ⅰ卷l至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。共150分。考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：
1.答试卷第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡Ⅰ上对应题目的答案选中涂满涂黑，黑以盖住框内字母为准。如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它答案项。在试卷上答题无效。
2.答试卷第Ⅱ卷时，必须用黑色字迹的签字笔按题号顺序答在答题卡Ⅱ的答题区域相应位置内，未在应的答题区域作答或超出答题区域作答均不得分。在试卷上答题无效。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共115分)
第一部分：听力理解(共两节，30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. When will the man meet his uncle?
A. At 9:55. B. At 10:05. C. At 10:15.
2. What does the woman want to have?
A. Ice water. B. Coffee. C. Tea.
3. Who was injured in the accident?
A. No one. B. A baby. C. Three women.
4. What is the girl going to do during the weekend?
A. See a film. B. Make a plan. C. Prepare for a test.
5. Where are the speakers?
A. At a shop. B. At a bank. C. At a hotel.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，共22.5分)
听下面6段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. How many reasons does the girl give for taking up singing?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four.
7. What do the girl’s parents want her to be?
A. A musician. B. A singer. C. An actress.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Why does the man make the telephone call?
A. To make an appointment. B. To ask for information. C. To get some advice.
9. What is the man advised to do in the end?
A. See the doctor at once. B. Wait for a few days. C. Put some ice on his injury.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What will the woman do on Friday evening?
A. Visit her doctor. B. Go to a concert. C. Have dinner with the man.
11. What is the relationship between the two speakers?
A. Close friends. B. Brother and sister. C. Doctor and patient.
12. When does the conversation take place?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13. What does the girl think of her Spanish teacher?
A. Talkative. B. Annoying. C. Boring.
14. Why does the girl like her history class?
A. The teacher often rewards the students.
B. The history tests are always easy.
C. She finds history interesting.
15. What can we learn from the conversation?
A. The girl is unlikely to be allowed out.
B. The father is content with his daughter.
C. The girl didn’t receive her report card.
听第10段材料，回答第16至17题。
Study the map. Then, listen to the conversation and choose the right answers.
16. Where is the movie theater?
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3.
17. Where is the restaurant located?
A. 4. B. 5. C. 6.
听第11段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What are the high temperatures for most of the state on Friday?
A. 85 to 90 degrees. B. 91 to 95 degrees. C. 96 to 99 degrees.
19. What is Saturday evening’s weather forecast for the state?
A. Light showers over the entire state.
B. Cold and windy over the state.
C. Some rain in parts of the state.
20. What can be done on Sunday evening?
A. Appreciating the moon.
B. Watching the star shower.
C. Collecting rocks and metals.
第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例:It’s so nice to hear from her again._______, we last met more than thirty years ago.
A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not
答案是D。
21. Although _______ badminton is my favorite sport, I am not _______ very good player.
A. the; a B. the; the C. /; a D. /; the
22. ― You ran into Mr. Li! How did that happen?
― Well, _______ of us was looking where we were going. We came around the corner at the
same time.
A. neither B. either C. both D. none
23. ― Kate is complaining again.
― She has a good job and plenty of money. What _______ does she want?
A. best B. better C. most D. more
24. One more week, _______ we will finish all the tasks completely.
A. but B. and C. so D. or
25. The man didn’t admit _______ anything at the store when he was questioned by the police.
A. to steal B. having stolen
C. to have stolen D. having been stealing
26. When she realized I _______ her, she quickly made a pose, smiling.
A. photographed B. had photographed C. was photographing D. will photograph
27. The idea has been widely accepted _______ Beijing Opera should be added to the basic
education in
A. which B. when C. that D. /
28. ― I didn’t do well in the exam yesterday. Of course I _______ for it.
― Oh, you poor thing! But I think you should learn a lesson.
A. hadn’t studied B. haven’t studied C. wasn’t studying D. wouldn’t study
29. Early this year
cruel snowstorms hit southern
some areas.
A. causing B. caused C. to cause D. having caused
30. There are a few spelling mistakes; _______, it’s quite a good essay.
A. all in all B. above all C. if so D. even so
31. ― I am not going to play football this year, Mum.
― That’s music to my ears. I was so afraid you_______.
A. will be hurt B. would get hurt C. had got hurt D. were hurt
32. ― It was a red light, William. You _______ the car.
― Sorry. I didn’t see it.
A. must stop B. should stop C. must have stopped D. should have stopped
33. Failure is never pleasurable, but it can make a positive contribution to your life ________ you
learn to use it.
A. since B. once C. until D. unless
34. ― Where did you get to know the professor over there?
― It was at the workshop _______ we did research together two years ago.
A. that B. there C. which D. where
35. Most stores say that they daren’t _______ prices _______ for fear of losing their customers.
A. put; up B. set; up C. make; up D. turn; up
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Learn to Meet Challenges
My classmates called me “the alien”, and they avoided me like the plague (瘟疫). As a young boy, I 36 from a serious skin disease, which filled my arms with scars. The true 37 of my condition, however, was social: I lived a life of loneliness.
Doctors predicted that I would never fully recover, but my parents encouraged me to hope for the future, teaching me that any difficulty could be overcome. I therefore took a/an 38 role in fighting against my disease, trying many medications and herbs, and my health 39 greatly before I graduated. I realized that my personal 40 had led to this improvement. I regained self-confidence and made many friends at school.
Years later, 41 my personal battle against disease, I learned a great deal about 42 by overcoming difficulties.
I joined the
Culture Club as a Special Event Director.
I
My experiences 55 improved my ability to handle challenging situations.
36. A. judged B. suffered C. prevented D. separated
37. A. pain B. sign C. value D. meaning
38. A. important B. different C. leading D. active
39. A. developed B. improved C. increased D. removed
40. A. joy B. goal C. will D. life
41. A. over B. like C. for D. in
42. A. ability B. quality C. leadership D. friendship
43. A. taught B. found C. managed D. followed
44. A. mistake B. method C. effort D. right
45. A. satisfied B. familiar C. patient D. strict
46. A. desires B. talents C. ideas D. tasks
47. A. remind B. guide C. show D. help
48. A. discouraged B. disturbed C. encouraged D. educated
49. A. adopted B. admired C. trusted D. tested
50. A. surprise B. delight C. pride D. hope
51. A. As B. If C. Because D. Although
52. A. deleted B. changed C. regretted D. considered
53. A. birth B. hand C. gift D. rise
54. A. crazy B. happy C. successful D. independent
55. A. instantly B. indirectly C. unusually D. undoubtedly
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，共40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
There were two things in the world that Ghagra Geeta Bali hated. The first was the way, Rani, the domestic help, combed her hair. The second was, you guessed it, her name. She hated her name so much that she prayed to god every night: Dear god, let me be born again. So I can have a name like Rita or Preeti. A short, smart one-word name.
On Tuesday, Ghagra Geeta Bali and her mother went for their usual shopping. There was a long queue of children just outside the record store. They went closer to look. It was yet another scheme to sell a few audio cassettes. Everyone who bought a cassette qualified for the scheme.
In this case, the artist whose songs were featured on the cassette was a young sensation called Malik Faridabadi, a great favorite with teenagers. Ghagra Geeta Bali was no exception.
A friendly young man was writing down the names of the people who wanted to participate in the scheme. Out of this long list Malik would pick one name, and the chosen one would get to meet him, plus of course, win many freebies (赠品).
But when her mother asked her to participate, Ghagra Geeta Bali said no. She didn’t want to, speak out her name in front of so many people and make herself the butt (笑料) of amusement. But mothers being mothers, she just went up to the man and told him in firm tones: “Please enter my daughter’s name. It is Ghagra Geeta Bali.”
“It is what?” the man asked, naturally a little taken aback.
“G-h-a-g-r-a G-e-e-t-a B-a-l-i. There she is,” she replied while pointing to her daughter. The crowd standing around also turned to stare. All Ghagra Geeta Bali wanted then was for the earth to open up and swallow her.
That did not happen. But the following week she received a call. It was from the recording company that had announced the scheme. And they told her that she was the chosen one.
“It is all because of your name,” said the public relations man who had called. “Mr Faridabadi took one look at it in the list and said that he couldn’t wait to meet the brave girl bearing it.”
56. Ghagra Geeta Bali didn’t like her name because_______.
A. it would bring her a lot of trouble
B. it was too long and not beautiful
C. it would make her angry
D. it was too ugly and dull
57. When the girl saw the crowd turn to stare at her, she felt_______.
A. scared B. shocked C. embarrassed D. disappointed
58. What is the message of the story?
A. Mother’s love makes all the difference.
B. Children should always trust their parents.
C. One should be brave to meet anything strange.
D. Something that one thinks is bad may turn out good.
B
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59. This advertisement is designed especially for those who________.
A. like eating in restaurants B. have little time
C. prefer home-cooked meals D. want to save money
60. What information CAN’T we get from the advertisement about Quickeats?
A. Different kinds. B. High quality. C. Exact prices. D. Good taste.
61. Which of the following can be cooled in a refrigerator before eating according to the ads?
A. Pasta Salad. B. Dried Fruit. C. Noodles. D. Nuts.
62. What can we learn from the advertisement?
A. Get one Quickeats container and you’ll have four Quickeats to eat.
B. Take one coupon and you can eat freely in a participating store.
C. Buy one coupon and you’ll get a free Quickeats.
D. Buy one Quickeats and you’ll get a container.
C
Can you imagine a catfish bigger than a boy?
There are more than 1,000 kinds of catfish; 28 species are found in the
Walking catfish. Nature’s feisty little catfish, found in
southern
Armored catfish. This
catfish has heavy, bony plates protecting its body. The shell makes the fish
difficult to bone. To cook it, throw the fish whole into a fire. When it is
done, break it open for eating. Some armored catfish are found in
Rounding out the family of strange catfish are talking catfish, which make growing sound when you pull them from the water; climbing catfish, which move quickly up shore brush in search of food; electric catfish, which can deliver a mild shock; and blind catfish, which settle in the inky blackness of underwater caves. Blind catfish find food through taste buds in their eight whiskers (须).
Most catfish have four whiskers on the upper jaw and four on the lower jaw.
Sensory holes on these whiskers help the fish smell and taste food even in the
muddiest of water. The
Most of the catfish you are likely to catch will be much smaller, about frying pan size. When you catch one, remember that the top fin and the forward fins have poison glands (腺) at their bases. They can give you painful wounds. (...)
63. The purpose of the passage is to ______.
A. encourage readers to go fishing for catfish
B. inform readers of the world’s largest catfish
C. describe the unusual characteristics of catfish
D. explain different ways to catch a variety of catfish
64. The author talks about the way of cooking an armored catfish to show that______.
A. it has heavy and bony plates
B. it’s hard to cook and eat
C. it has too many bones
D. it’ s poisonous inside
65. Which is NOT mentioned about catfish in the passage?
A. Its eating habits. B. Its living conditions. C. Its whiskers. D. Its size.
66. What may be continued in the last paragraph?
A. The author’ s love for catfish.
B. Where else to catch a catfish.
C. The origin of the name “catfish”.
D. The safest way to handle catfish.
D
l 1-year-old Courtney Thompson was so passionate about gymnastics that she would practice five hours a day until her arms were sore and her elbows swollen. She rarely complained about her tough schedule, and for good reason. Courtney was ranked the best gymnast in the state for her age, and she dreamed of going to the Olympics. But on January 12th, 2005, while practicing a routine exercise, she felt an unbearable pain in the left elbow. The medical examination then revealed a severe injury, resulting in an immediate surgery, and a slow, painful recovery.
What happened to Courtney Thompson
is a red flag in
There are many reasons behind the outbreak in sports injuries, but most experts agree on one: the extreme culture of organized youth sports. Gone are the days when children played a variety of games on playgrounds. Child kidnapping and street crime have ended casual neighborhood athletics in many places, leading parents to enroll their children in organized sports under the watchful, though demanding, eyes of adult volunteers and coaches. And movies like Friday Night Lights glorify the thrill of victory for young athletes with single-minded dedication to athletic achievement.
From high school gyms to county ball fields, 41 million children younger than 19 participated in organized youth sports in 2005, according to the latest research by the National Council of Youth Sports. The figure represents a 25 percent increase since 1997.
第Ⅱ卷(共35分)
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，35分)
第一节 情景作文(20分)
目前，家长开车接送孩子上下学已成为一个普遍现象，人们对此做法褒贬不一。下面是就此现象所做的问卷调查结果。
请根据下列图表提示，描述被访者的看法。
注意:1.词数不少于60。
2.文章的开头已经给出。
3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Nowadays it’s a common phenomenon that parents drive their children to school and back home, which causes a heated discussion. A survey has just been conducted about it, and the findings are as follows.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 开放作文（15分）
请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。
In your English class, you are asked to describe the following picture and explain to your classmates how you understand it.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Parental involvement in youth sports has also made childhood games less about having fun and more about training and competing for the top spot, landing a college scholarship or launching a promising career. Hoping to nurture the next Michelle Kwan or Apolo Ohno, some parents guide their children into specializing in one sport. But the repetitive training required to master a sport places enormous stresses on bones and muscles that are still developing.
67. The passage is mainly about_______.
A. children's participation in organized sports
B. the main causes of the youth sports injuries
C. the way to train children in organized sports
D. the common occurrence of youth sports injuries
68. The underlined part “red flag” in the second paragraph most probably means“_______”.
A. warning B. problem C. symbol D. mark
69. Why is the
number of sports injuries among children in
A. Because of their increasing fondness for sports.
B. Because children are not professional enough for sports.
C. Because more children are seeking for sports achievements.
D. Because of the involvement of the parents and more organized sports.
70. We can learn from the passage that_______.
A. about 10.25 million youngsters participated in organized sports in 1997
B. parents give limited chances for children to choose their sports
C. serious injuries often happened to young students in the past
D. Courtney Thompson will never become a famous gymnast
E
Many children first learn the value of money by receiving an allowance (pocket money). The purpose is to let children learn from experiences at an age when financial mistakes are not very costly.
The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance. Others get a monthly allowance.
In any case, parents should make clear what, if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money. At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget. Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance.
The object is to show young people that a budget demands a choice between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics. Many people who have written on the subject of allowances say it is not a good idea to pay your child for work around the home. These jobs are a normal part of family life.
Paying children to do extra work around the house, however, can be useful. It can even provide an understanding of how a business works.
Allowances give children a chance to experience the three things they can do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save it.
Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice. You have to cut costs and plan for the future. Requiring children to save part of their allowances can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance.
A savings account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest.
Compounding works by paying interest on interest. So, for example, one dollar invested at two percent interest for two years will earn two cents in the first year. The second year, the money will earn two percent of one dollar and two cents, and so on. That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds up.
71. Giving an allowance, parents should consider all the following EXCEPT_______.
A. how much the child should get each time
B. whether the child has made a budget
C. where the money really goes
D. how often a child can get it
72. According to the passage, how can a child learn to have a budget?
A. Through their own experiences.
B. Through parents’ instruction.
C. By spending allowance.
D. By receiving allowance.
73. The author of the passage holds the opinion that_______.
A. what children learn by handling allowances may be beneficial in the future
B. children can learn to set up their own business with their allowances
C. keeping allowances in the bank is the best choice for children
D. it is not a good idea to pay children to do housework at home
74. The underlined words “compound interest” in the passage probably means_______.
A. increasing curiosity to learn how to make more money
B. stronger power to hold one’s attention to saving money
C. money paid by the bank on your original money and the gain from it
D. the sum of money that you earn from keeping your money in the bank
75. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Be Generous To Pay Your Children
B. Be Wise To Avoid Financial Mistakes
C. Saving Allowances Does Good To Children
D. Allowances Help Children Learn About Money
海 淀 区 高 三 年 级 第 二 学 期 期 中 练 习
数 学（文科） 2008.4
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分，第Ⅰ卷1至2页，第Ⅱ卷3至9页，共150分。考试时间120分钟。考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题 共40分)
注意事项：
1. 答卷前将学校、班级、姓名填写清楚。
2. 选择题的每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。其他小题用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
海 淀 区 高 三 年 级 第 二 学 期 期 中 练 习
数 学（理科） 2008.4
本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1至2页，第Ⅱ卷3
至9页，共150分。考试时间120分钟。考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共40分）
注意事项：
答卷前将学校、班级、姓名填写清楚。
选择题的每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。其他小
题用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
选择题：本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分.在每小题列出的四个选项中,选出符合题目要求的一项.
（1）
的值等于 ( )
（A）1 （B）i （C）-1 （D）－i
（2）若O是△ABC所在平面内的一点，且满足(
+
)?（-
）=0，则△ABC一定是( )
（A）等边三角形 （B）斜三角形
（C）等腰直角三角形 （D）直角三角形
（3）若函数y=f (x)的定义域为M={x|-2≤x≤2}，值域为N={y|0≤y≤2}，则函数y=f(x)
的图象可能是 ( )
 |
（4）若集合A={1,
m2}，集合B = {2，4} ，则“m =
（A）充分不必要条件 （B）必要不充分条件
（C）充分必要条件 （D）既不充分也不必要条件
（5）已知圆x2 +(y-1)2=2上任一点P（x, y），其坐标均使得不等式x+y+m≥0恒成立，则实
数m的取值范围是 ( )
（A）
（B）
（C）
（D）
（6）2007年12月中旬，我国南方一些地区遭遇历史罕见的雪灾，电煤库存吃紧，为了支援南方
地区抗灾救灾，国家统一部署，加紧从北方采煤区调运电煤. 某铁路货运站对6列电煤货
运列车进行编组调度，决定将这6列列车编成两组，每组3列，且甲、乙两列列车不在同一
小组，如果甲所在小组3列列车先开出，那么这6列列车先后不同的发车顺序共有 （ ）
（A）36种 （B）108种
（C）216种 （D）432种
（7）直线l过抛物线y2=x的焦点F,交抛物线于A,B两点,且点A在x轴上方，若直线l的倾斜角θ≥
，则|FA|的取值范围是 （ ）
（A）[
（B）(
（C）(
（D）(
（8）定义在R上的函数f (x)满足f (4)=1. f ′(x)为f(x)的导函数，已知函数y = f ′(x)的图象
如右图所示.若两正数a, b满足f (
的取值范围是 （ ）
（A）(
)
（B）
∪(3,+∞)
（C）
（D）(-∞,-3)
海 淀 区 高 三 年 级 第 二 学 期 期 中 练 习
数 学（理科） 2008.4
第Ⅱ卷（共110分）
注意事项：
1．用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
2．答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
题号
一
二
三
总分
（15）
（16）
（17）
（18）
（19）
（20）
分数
海 淀 区 高 三 年 级 第 二 学 期 期 中 练 习
理科综合能力测试 2008．4
本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，第Ⅰ卷1至8页，第Ⅱ卷9至16页。满分300分。考试时间150分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前将学校、班级、姓名填写清楚。
2．第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，
第Ⅱ卷各小题用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试题卷上。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共120分）
可能用到的相对原子质量：H―
本卷共20小题，每小题6分，共120分。在每小题列出的四个选项中，选出符合题目要求的一项。
1．下列关于细胞分裂的叙述中，正确的是
A．有丝分裂中期和后期，染色单体数与DNA分子数相同
B．有丝分裂过程中不应出现同源染色体的彼此分离
C．精子形成过程中若染色单体没有分离，可能出现XXY的后代
D．减数分裂过程中不存在一个细胞同时含有两条Y染色体的阶段
2．图1示蚕豆叶片衰老过程的某些生理变化，下列有关叙述不正确的是
A．蛋白质含量下降，会导致许多代谢过程受阻
B．叶绿素含量下降，会因电子传递与ATP的形成受阻而影响光合作用
C．蛋白质和叶绿素含量下降的主要原因是N和Mg等元素可被再利用
D．40多天后呼吸速率急剧下降，ATP合成的减少会影响更多的代射过程
3．美国遗传学家摩尔根，在野生型红眼果蝇中偶然发现了一只白眼雄果蝇，他用这只果蝇与野生型红眼果蝇进行杂交（实验Ⅰ），结果F1全部为红眼。F1雌雄果蝇相互交配，F2雌果蝇全部为红眼，雄果蝇中红眼和白眼的比例为1┱1。这种现象不能用孟德尔的理论完全解释清楚，于是他继续做了下表所示的实验（Ⅱ、Ⅲ）。与实验有关的叙述不正确的是
组别
杂交组合
结果
Ⅱ
F1红眼♀×白眼♂
红眼♀：红眼♂：白眼♀：白眼♂=1∶1∶1∶1
Ⅲ
野生型红眼♂×白眼♀（来自实验Ⅱ）
红眼♀：红眼♂=1∶1
A．实验Ⅱ可视为实验Ⅰ的测交实验，其结果表明F1红眼雌果蝇为杂合子
B．实验Ⅲ是实验Ⅰ的反交实验，正反交结果不同可确定其不属于核遗传
C．实验Ⅲ的结果表明野生型红眼雄果蝇的精子只有一半含有控制眼色的基因
D．对实验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ最合理的解释是控制眼色的基因位于X染色体上
4．下列有关生物工程的叙述，正确的是
A．限制性内切酶的发现，使细胞工程应运而生和快速发展
B．细胞的全能性是植物细胞培养和动物细胞培养的理论基础
C．单克隆抗体的制备综合利用了T淋巴细胞和癌细胞的特性
D．基因工程的主要目的是要定向改造生物的某些遗传性状
5．磁流体是电子材料的新秀，它既具有固体的磁性，又具有液体的流动性，可用于潜水艇推进器等。制备某种磁流体时，将等物质的量的硫酸亚铁溶液和硫酸铁溶液混合，滴入稍过量的氢氧化钠溶液，随后加入油酸钠溶液，所得磁流体的黑色粒子直径在5.5 nm～36 nm之间。
下列说法正确的是
A．所得磁流体属于纯净物
B．油酸钠既含有亲水基又含有憎水基
C．油酸钠化学式为C17H35COONa
D．所得磁流体的黑色粒子为氧化亚铁
6．下列药品和装置合理，能完成相应实验的是
7．下列说法正确的是
A．二氧化碳分子中存在共价键和分子间作用力
B．甲烷、氨和水都是由极性键结合而成的极性分子
C．同主族不同元素的最高价氧化物，一定具有相同的晶体结构
D．氟化氢的沸点高于氯化氢的沸点，正丁烷的沸点高于异丁烷的沸点
8．亚氯酸钠（NaClO2）可用作漂白剂，在酸性溶液中生成HClO2而发生分解，分解的化学方程式为5HClO2=4ClO2 +HCl+2H2O，ClO2是广谱型消毒剂。下列说法正确的是
A．HClO2是有机酸
B．上述反应中，ClO2是还原产物
C．上述反应中，1 mol HClO2分解转移2 mol电子
D．上述反应中，氧化剂与还原剂物质的量之比1∶4
9．下列实验操作及现象与结论对应关系正确的一组是
实验操作
实验现象
实验结论
A
适量二氧化碳通入氯化钡溶液中
产生白色沉淀
碳酸的酸性比盐酸弱
B
二氧化硫通入溴水中
溶液褪色
二氧化硫有漂白性
C
取少量某无色溶液，先滴加氯水，再加入少量四氯化碳，振荡、静置
溶液分层，下层呈橙红色
原无色溶液中一定有溴离子
D
淀粉和稀硫酸混合共热后，再加少量新制氢氧化铜悬浊液
产生红色沉淀
淀粉水解可生成葡萄糖
10．下列说法正确的是
A．
B．标准状况下，
C．常温下，100 mL 0.1mol/L醋酸溶液中含醋酸分子为0.01×6.02×1023
D．一定条件下2 mol二氧化硫和1 mol氧气混合，反应时转移的电子数为4×6.02×1023
11．下列说法正确的是
A．pH=3的HX与pH=11的YOH等体积混合，所得溶液的pH一定为7
B．在0.1 mol/L（NH4）2Fe（SO4）2溶液中c（H+）+ c（NH4+）+ c（Fe2+）= c（OH-）+ c（SO42-）
C．向醋酸溶液中加入适量醋酸，所得酸性溶液中c（Na+）＞c（CH3COO-）＞c（H+）＞c（OH-）
D．0.4 mol/L HCL与0.1 mol/L NaAlO2等体积混合，所得溶液中c（Cl-）＞c（Na+）＞c（Al3+）＞c（H+）＞c（OH-）
12．图3装置（Ⅰ）是一种可充电电池的示意图，装置（Ⅱ）为电解池的示意图。装置（Ⅰ）的离子交换膜只允许Na+通过。已知充、放电的化学反应方程式为2Na2S2+NaBr3 
Na2S4+3NaBr。当闭合开关K时，X极附近溶液先变红色。下列说法正确的是
A．闭合K时，Na+从右到左通过离子交换膜
B．闭合K时，负极反应为3NaBr－2e－=NaBr3+2Na+
C．闭合K时，Ｘ电极的电极反应式为
D．闭合K时，当有0.1 mol Na+通过离子交换膜，X电极上析出标准状况下气体
13．大量氢原子处于n=4的激发态，当它们向各较低能级跃迁时，对于多种可能的跃迁，下面说法中正确的是
A．最多只能放出4种不同频率的光子
B．从n=4能级跃迁到n=l能级放出的光子波长最长
C．从n=4能级跃迁到n=l能级放出的光子频率最大
D．从n=4能级跃迁到n=3能级放出的光子波长等于从n=2能级跃迁到n=l能级放出的光子波长
14．如图4所示，内壁光滑的绝热气缸竖直立于地面上，绝热活塞将一定质量的气体封闭在气缸中，活塞静止时处于A位置。现将一重物轻轻地放在活塞上，活塞最终静止在B位置。若气体分子间的相互作用力可忽略不计，则活塞在B位置时与活塞在A位置时相比较
A．气体的温度可能相同
B．气体的内能可能相同
C．单位体积内的气体分子数不变
D．单位时间内气体分子撞击单位面积气缸壁的次数一定增多
15．在研究自感现象的实验中，用两个完全相同的灯泡a、b分别与自感系数很大的自感线圈L和定值电阻R组成如图5所示的电路（自感线圈的直流电阻与定值电阻R的阻值相等），闭合开关S达到稳定后两灯均可以正常发光。关于这个实验下面的说法中正确的是
A．闭合开关的瞬间，通过a灯和b灯的电流相等
B．闭合开关后，a灯先亮，b灯后亮
C．闭合开关，待电路稳定后断开开关，a、b两灯同时熄灭
D．闭合开关，待电路稳定后断开开关，b灯先熄灭，a灯后熄灭
16．彩虹是悬浮于空气中的大量小水珠对阳光的色散造成的，如图6所示为太阳光照射到空气中的一个小水珠发生全反射和色散的光路示意图，其中a、b为两束频率不同的单色光。对于这两束光，以下说法中正确的是
A．单色光a比单色光b的频率高
B．由水射向空气，a光发生全反射的临界角大于b光发生全反射的临界角
C．在水中a光的传播速度小于b光的传播速度
D．如果b光能使某金属发生光电效应，则a光也一定能使该金属发生光电效应
17．一列横波在x轴上传播，图7（甲）为t=1.0s时的波动图象，图7（乙）为介质中质点P的振动图象。对该波的传播方向和传播波速度的说法正确的是
A．沿+x方向传播，波速为
B．沿－x方向传播，波速为
C．沿+x方向传播，波速为
D．沿－x方向传播，波速为
18．电磁辐射对人体有很大危害，可造成失眠、白细胞减少、免疫功能下降等。按照有关规定，工作场所受电磁辐射强度（单位时间内垂直通过单位面积的电磁辐射能量）不得超过0.5W/m2。若某一小型无线电通讯装置的电磁辐射功率是1W，则至少距该装置多远是安全的？
A．
19．某位同学为了研究超重和失重现象，将重为50N的物体带上电梯，并将它放在电梯中的力传感器上．若电梯由静止开始运动，并测得重物对传感器的压力F随时间t变化的图象，如图8所示。设电梯在第1s末、第4s末和第8s末的速度大小分别为v1、v4和v8，以下判断中正确的是
A．电梯在上升，且v1＞v4＞v8
B．电梯在下降，且v1＜v4＜v8
C．重物从l s到2s和从7s到8s动量的变化不相同
D．电梯对重物的支持力在第ls内和第8s内做的功相等
20．如图9所示，AB、CD是一个圆的两条直径，该圆处于匀强电场中，电场强度方向平行该圆所在平面，在圆周所在的平面内将一个带正电的粒子从A点先、后以相同的速率v沿不同方向射向圆形区域，粒子将经过圆周上的不同点，其中经过C点时粒子的动能最小。若不计粒子所受的重力和空气阻力，则下列判断中正确的是
A．电场强度方向由A指向B
B．电场强度方向由D指向C
C．粒子到达B点时动能最大
D．粒子到达D点时电势能最小
海 淀 区 高 三 年 级 第 二 学 期 期 中 练 习
理科综合能力测试 2008．4
科目
第Ⅰ卷
第Ⅱ卷
总分
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
生物
l～4
―
―
―
―
―
―
―
―
化学
5～12
―
―
―
―
―
―
―
物理
13～20
―
―
―
―
―
―
―
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共180分）
21.（18分）
（1）（6分）在做“研究平抛物体的运动”的实验中，下列做法哪些是必要的?（ ）
A．斜槽轨道末端切线必须水平 B．一定要用钢球
C．每次都要平衡小球所受摩擦力 D．小球每次都应从斜槽同一高度释放
（2）（12分）按图10所示的电路测量两节干电池串联组成电池组的电动势E和内阻r，其中R为电阻箱，R0为定值电阻，干电池的工作电流不宜超过
电流表（量程0～0.6～3
①在下面提供的四个电阻中，保护电阻R0应选用_______（填写阻值相应的字母）。
A．5Ω
B．20Ω
C．100Ω D．1kΩ
②根据电路图，请在图11中画出连线，将器材连接成实验电路。
③实验时，改变电阻箱R的值，记录下电流表A的示数I，得到
若干组R、I的数据。根据实验数据绘出如图12所示的R-
图线，由此得出电池组的电动势E=___________V，
内电阻r=___________Ω。按照此实验方法，电动势的测量值与真实值相比________，内电阻的测量值与真实值相比_________。（填“偏大”“偏小”或“相等”）
22．（16分）如图13（甲）所示，足够长的光滑平行金属导轨MN、PQ固定在同一水平面上，两导轨间距L=
（1）金属杆ab受到安培力的大小和方向；
（2）金属杆的速率；
（3）对图象分析表明，金属杆在外力作用下做的是匀加速运动，加速度大小a=
23．（18分）如图14所示，一轻质弹簧竖直固定在地面上，自然长度l0=
（1）碰撞结束瞬间两物体的速度大小；
（2）两物体一起运动第一次具有竖直向上最大速度时弹簧的长度；
（3）两物体第一次刚要分离时物体B的速度大小。
24．（20分）如图15（甲）所示为一种研究高能粒子相互作用的装置，两个直线加速器均由k个长度逐个增长的金属圆筒组成（整个装置处于真空中。图中只画出了6个圆筒，作为示意），它们沿中心轴线排列成一串，各个圆筒相间地连接到正弦交流电源的两端。设金属圆筒内部没有电场，且每个圆筒间的缝隙宽度很小，带电粒子穿过缝隙的时间可忽略不计。为达到最佳加速效果，需要调节至粒子穿过每个圆筒的时间恰为交流电的半个周期，粒子每次通过圆筒缝隙时，都恰为交流电压的峰值。
质量为m、电荷量为e的正、负电子分别经过直线加速器加速后，从左、右两侧被导入装置送入位于水平面内的圆环形真空管道，且被导入的速度方向与圆环形管道中粗虚线相切。在管道内控制电子转弯的是一系列圆形电磁铁，即图15（甲）中的A1、A2、A3……An，共n个，均匀分布在整个圆周上（图中只示意性地用细实线画了几个，其余的用细虚线表示），每个电磁铁内的磁场都是磁感应强度均相同的匀强磁场，磁场区域都是直径为d的圆形。改变电磁铁内电流的大小，就可改变磁场的磁感应强度．从而改变电子偏转的角度。经过精确的调整，可使电子在环形管道中沿图中粗虚线所示的轨迹运动，这时电子经过每个电磁铁时射入点和射出点都在电磁铁内圆形匀强磁场区域的同一条直径的两端，如图15（乙）所示。这就为实现正、负电子的对撞做好了准备。
（1）若正、负电子经过直线加速器后的动能均为E0，它们对撞后发生湮灭，电子消失，且仅产生一对频率相同的光子，则此光子的频率为多大？（已知普朗克恒量为h，真空中的光速为c。）
（2）若电子刚进入直线加速器第一个圆筒时速度大小为v0，为使电子通过直线加速器加速后速度为v，加速器所接正弦交流电电压的最大值应当多大?
（3）电磁铁内匀强磁场的磁感应强度B为多大?
25．（18分）A为药用有机物，A的转化关系如图16所示。已知A在一定条件下能跟醇发生酯化反应，A分子中苯环上的两个取代基连在相邻的碳原子上，D能跟NaOH溶液反应。
请回答：
（1）A转化为B、C时，涉及到的反应类型有________________________、_____________________。
（2）E的两种同分异构体Q、R都能在一定条件下发生银镜反应，R能与Na反应放出H2，而Q不能。Q、R的结构简式为Q_________________________、R_________________________。
（3）D的结构简式为___________________________________________。
（4）写出A在加热条件下与NaOH溶液反应的化学方程式
___________________________________________________________________________________________。
（5）已知：酰氯能与含有羟基的物质反应生成酯类物质，例如：
+HCl。写出草酰氯（分子式C2O2Cl2，结构式
）
与足量有机物D反应的化学方程式
___________________________________________________________________________________________。
（6）已知：
请选用适当物质设计一种合成方法，用邻甲基苯酚经两步反应合成有机物A，在方框中填写有机物的结构简式。
26．（15分）已知A、B、D、E均为中学化学常见单质或化合物，它们之间的关系如图17所示（部分产物略去）。
（1）若A和E为单质，组成A单质的元素是自然界中形成化合物种类最多的元素。
①B属于________分子（填“极性”或“非极性”），B分子中各原子最外层_________（填“是”或“否”）都满足8电子结构；
②向50 mL 4 mol/L的NaOH溶液中通入
_______________________________（填化学式和物质的量之比）；
③
____________________________________________________。
（2）若A为第三周期中的元素所形成的氯化物。
①写出A溶液
B的离子方程式_____________________________________；
②写出A和B的溶液反应的离子方程式_____________________________________。
（3）若A为常见的金属，在E的冷、浓溶液中，A有钝化现象。已知：X为含有非极性键的离子化合物，且1 mol X含有38
mol电子，向D溶液中加入与D等物质的量的X固体，恰好完全反应，写出该反应的离子方程式_____________________________________。
27．（15分）某课外小组对污染大气的部分非金属氧化物进行探究。请根据题目要求回答下列问题。
（1）写出用硝酸制取一氧化氮的离子方程式_____________________________________。
（2）查资料得知，HCOOH
CO↑+H2O。实验室有如图18所示的装置，制取一氧化碳可选用的装置为_________________（填序号）。
（3）查资料得知，利用催化剂可使汽车尾气中的一氧化碳和氮氧化物大部分发生反应转化为二氧化碳和氮气。该小组在实验室模拟汽车尾气处理，设计了如图19所示装置（部分夹持和装置已略去）。
①实验前关闭旋塞K，先通氮气排净装置中的空气，其目的是________________________________________
__________________________________________________________，
②装置（Ⅲ）的主要作用 _____________________________________________________________________，
③加热停止后，打开旋塞K，放入适量氧气时，装置（Ⅱ）中可观察到的现象是___________________________
________________________________________，
④该套装置中有不完善之处，还应在装置（Ⅳ）后补充______________________________________________。
（4）工业上通常用氢氧化钠溶液吸收一氧化氮、二氧化氮的混合气体。相关反应为2NO2+2NaOH=NaNO3+ NaNO2+H2O和NO2+NO+2NaOH=2NaNO2 +H2O。
将体积比为
的混合气体通入足量的氢氧化钠溶液中，气体完全反应后，所得溶液中
=____________________________。
28．（12分）铁是人体不可缺少的微量元素，摄入含铁的化合物可补充铁。“速力菲”是市场上一种常见的补铁药品，下表是说明书的部分内容。
（1）该药品中Fe2+会缓慢氧化。国家规定该药物中Fe2+的氧化率超过10.00％即不能再服用。
①为了检验某药店出售的“速力菲”是否氧化，实验室应选用的检验试剂为___________（填试剂的名称）；
②实验室可采用H2SO4酸化的KMnO4溶液，对“速力菲”中的Fe2+进行滴定（假设药品中，其它成分不与KMnO4反应）。请配平下列离子方程式
____MnO4?+____Fe2+____H+____Mn2++____Fe3++_____H2O
③称量上述含铁元素质量分数为20.00％的“速力菲”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（2）已知琥珀酸亚铁相对分子质量为172，琥珀酸为有机酸。含
琥珀酸亚铁的化学式为________________________。
29．（12分）生长素的主要作用是促进细胞纵向伸长，其作用机理如图20所示，请回答下列问题：
（1）生长素作用的第一步是与细胞膜上的受体结合，形成“激素―受体复合物”，这一过程体现了细胞膜的_________________功能。
（2）被激活的“激素―受体复合物”能引起内质网释放Ca2+，Ca2+促使细胞内的H+以_________________的方式运往细胞外，增加了细胞壁的延展性，使细胞壁对细胞的压力减小，导致细胞吸水、体积增大而发生不可逆增长。细胞在生长过程中体积变化最大的细胞器是_____________。实验发现，细胞在持续生长过程中，细胞壁的厚度能基本保持不变，出现这种现象的原因是由于__________（填细胞器）为细胞壁添加了新的成分。
（3）此外，Ca2+还能激活细胞中的转录因子，它进入细胞核后，能引起_______________酶催化mRNA的合成。
（4）生长素促进根系生长的最适宜浓度要比茎低得多，稍高浓度的生长素能促进乙烯的生物合成，从而抑制了根的伸长，这说明生长素的作用具有_________________。
30．（18分）科学家用脉孢霉（一种真菌）为实验材料，对基因的功能进行了深入的研究。
（1）野生型脉孢霉在基本培养基上即可生长，基本培养基只含有野生型脉孢霉生长所必需的最低限度的营养成分。基本培养基中所含的营养要素可以归纳为：____________________________________________________
_________________________________________。
（2）科学家用X射线处理野生型脉孢霉后，发现部分菌株在基本培养基上不能生长。用X射线处理脉孢霉的目的是_______________________________。
（3）为确定这部分菌株在基本培养基不能生长的原因，科学家们继续做实验：在基本培养基中补充了某种物质，原来不能生长的菌株有的能够生长了。从而获得了三种与野生型菌株不同的突变型菌株A、B、C。实验结果见下表：
实验分析：在哺乳动物的肝脏中，精氨酸是经过“前体→鸟氨酸→瓜氨酸→精氨酸”的途径合成的。受这种生化观点的启发，科学家们认为：野生型脉孢霉可以利用基本培养基中的某类物质（前体），合成了一系列氨基酸，这些氨基酸应该属于脉胞霉的_________________代谢产物。
三种突变型菌株均能在添加了精氨酸的培养基中生长，说明它们均丧失了_________________的功能。突变菌株B可在添加了瓜氨酸的培养基中生长，但不能在添加鸟氨酸的培养基中生长，原因是它_________________。
（4）生化反应都由特定的酶来催化，一个基因突变导致了一个生化反应的不能进行，科学家们由此提出了“一个基因控制合成一个酶”的假说。在进一步的猜测中，有一种观点认为基因突变使细胞合成了一种结构发生改变而失去活性的“酶”。于是有人继续探讨这个问题。一种免疫反应可检测到失活“酶”的存在，科学家们利用这种方法做了下面的实验。
第一步 设法得到影响上述生化反应的酶，将其纯化制成酶制剂，注射到家兔体内，获得相应的抗酶抗体（能和正常的酶及失活的“酶”发生沉淀反应）。酶制剂在免疫学上属于_________________。
第二步 在培养皿的琼脂上挖四个圆孔（如图21所示），在0号圆孔中加入抗酶抗体，在2号圆孔中加入野生型菌株提取物，3号圆孔中加入某突变菌株提取物，则l号圆孔中需加入_________________作为对照。
第三步 0、l、2、3号圆孔中的物质各自在琼脂中扩散，观察l、2、3号圆孔与0号圆孔之间是否出现_________________。
实验结果分析：若出现________________________________________________
结果时，则支持“基因突变使细胞合成了一种失去活性的‘酶’”的推断。
31．（18分）图22是生态系统能量流动模式图，其中柱宽大致与能量流动的数量成比例。
请回答下列问题：
（1）若该图表示森林生态系统，则流经该生态系统的总能量A会明显大于草原生态系统，出现这种差异的主要原因是森林生态系统______（单选）。
A．以木本植物为主
B．土壤肥沃
C．营养结构复杂
D．群落具有明显的分层结构
（2）影响森林和草原在地球上分布的主要生态因素是_________________。
（3）若该图表示草原生态系统，当图中____________
（填字母）的柱宽过大时，会导致草场退化、沙化等现象的出现。因此，合理确定草场的_________________，才能保证畜牧业生产的可持续发展。
（4）若该图表示农田生态系统，怎样利用农作物秸杆中的能量是一个值得研究的问题。如果将秸秆做废弃物燃烧就不能充分利用秸秆中的能量，而将秸秆做饲料喂牲畜，再利用牲畜的粪便进行沼气发酵，就会使秸秆中的能量更多地流向_________________的部分。同时，其中的物质也能被充分利用。
（5）若该图表示城市生态系统，如果居民的生产、生活产生了过多的废弃物，图中_________________（填字母）的柱宽就会明显加大，相应地就出现了环境污染。例如白色污染（聚乙烯）已经成为一个严重的社会问题，从生态系统物质循环的角度来看，造成白色污染的根本原因是___________________________________。
（6）若该图表示湖泊生态系统，如果要调查生态系统的能量流动情况，可采用黑白瓶法。该方法是从湖泊的一定深度取水样，测其初始的溶氧量。然后将水样分装在透光的白瓶和不透光的黑瓶中，黑白瓶都放回取样深度，一段时间后取出，再测其溶氧量。此时，黑瓶中溶氧量的变化是瓶中生物_________________的氧气量，而白瓶中溶氧量的变化是瓶中生物___________________________________________________________之差，这些数值可用来研究该水层是否存在光能自养生物，以及它们固定太阳能的多少等问题。
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