① 在500℃、200atm和铁催化条件下向一密闭容器中充入1mol N2和3mol
H2,充分反
应后,放出的热量 92.4kJ,(填“<”“>”“=”),理由是
.
② 为有效提高合成氨反应的速率,实际生产中宜采取的措施有
A.降低温发 B.最适合催化剂活性的适当高温
C.增大压强 D.降低压强
E.循环利用 F.原料气中氮气和氢气的配比为1:2.8
G.及时分离出氨
(2)已知氨的催化氧化反应发生后,不需要继续加热,铂铑合金网仍然会保持红热。试
写出该反应的化学平衡常数表达式K= ,当温度升高时,K值
(增大、减小、无影响),其原因是
。
(3)常温下某无色透明溶液中仅含有NH4+和NO3-等四种离子,请回答下列问题:
① 该溶液所含的离子中除上述两种外还应有
(填离子符号)两种离子。
② 该溶液所含的上述四种离子的物质的量浓度大小有多种可能。例如,可以是
c(NO3-)>c(NH4+)>c(H+)>c(OH-),也可以是c(NO3-)> c(H+)>
c(NH4+)> c(OH-)。
请你再填写两种可能
,
。
③ 如溶液中c(NH4+)= c(NO3-)。则溶液中的溶质为
(填
化学式),该溶液的Ph 7(填<、>或=)
19.(14分)某学习小组在实室条件下,用标准卷尺、中学化学实验室常用的托盘天平和如
图所示的仪器,以及稀硫酸和宽度、厚度均匀的纯镁带测定气体摩尔体积,假如实验是
在标准条件下进行,试回答下列问题:
(1)甲乙两试管各有两根导管,用橡
胶管连接对应接口后,若倒置盛
稀硫酸的试管,可发生反应放出
气体。镁带和稀硫酸应分别置于
、
仪器中
(填仪器编号);接口的连接方式是
A接
,B
,
C接
(填写各接口的编号)
(2)仪器丙由左右两部分组成,它们用橡胶
管连通,并装入适量水(含少量食盐)。
G管可以用化学实验室中的一种常用仪器改装,该仪器的名称是
。反
应结束后读数时,除应将温度恢复至0℃,还应采取的措施是
。
(3)实验中要取用一定质量的镁带投入试管中,取用的质量应小于 g;取用实
验需要的镁带,能否用化学室常用的托盘天平 ,理由是
;
正确取用镁带的方法是
。
(4)如果镁带长Lm,质量为mg。试验中截取镁带长xcm,产生气体的体积为VmL,
则测得标况下气体摩尔体积应表示为V(m)=
。
(5)实验中若取用的镁带表面部分被氧化,则导致测定结果
;若稀硫酸取
用不足量,则导致测定结果
;若读数时量气管内液面高于水准管内液
面,则导致测定结果
(填偏高、偏低或无影响)。
20.(8分)如图:横轴表示溶液的pH,纵轴表示Zn2+离子或[Zn(OH4)]2-。P离子(配离子)物
质的量浓度的对数,回答下列问题。
(1)往ZnCl2溶液中加入过量的氢氧化钠溶液,反应的离子方程式可表示为
。
(2)从图中数据计算可得Zn(OH2)。的溶度积(Ksp)=
。
(3)某废液中含Zn2+离子,为提取Zn2+。离子可以控制溶液中pH的范围是 。
(4)往1 L 1.00 mol ?L-1。ZnCl2。溶液中加入NaOH固体至pH=6,需NaOH mol
(精确到小数点后2位,忽略溶液体积变化)。
参 考 答 案
第I卷包括15小题,每小题3分,共45分。
l.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.D
11.D 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.D
16.(8分)(1)Si3N4 (2分); SiCl4+N2+H2→Si3N4+HCl (2分)
(2)2CO2+2H2O+4e-=2CO+4OH-
(2分)
(3)H2(l)+1/2 O2(l)= H2O(g) △H=-237.46kJ?mol-1(2分)
17.(12分)(1)KNO3、S (1分);C(1分);(2)2:1:3 (2分);(3)D (2分)
(4)(i)取黑火药燃烧后的固体残留物于烧杯中,加适量水溶解,过滤,得无色澄清溶液 (1
分);
(iii)在无色溶液中加入过量的BaCl2溶液,有白色沉淀生成,过滤,洗涤 (1分);
(iv)在自色沉淀中加入过量的稀盐酸,白色沉淀部分溶解,有无色无味气体生成,证明溶
液中含有K2CO3和K2SO4 (1分) (v)在滤液中加入稀盐酸,有无色有臭鸡蛋气味的气体生
成,证明溶液中有K2S (1分)
(5)KNO3+C→K2CO3+ N2↑+ CO2↑ (2分)
18.(共13分)(1)①<
(1分),因为该反应为可逆反应,不可能进行完全;又因为反应温
度为500℃,高于25℃,会导致平衡左移,所以放出的热量小于92.4kJ;(2分) ②
BCFG(答2个且正确者得1分;全对得2分;多1个错误答案扣1分,扣完为止)。
(2)(1分),减小(1分)。因为氨的催化氧化反应是放热反应,
所以升高温度,K会减小。(1分)
(3)①H+、OH- (1分) ②c(NH4+)
> c(NO3-) > c(OH-) > c(H+)
(1分),
c(NH4+)
> c(OH-)> c(NO3-) > c(H+) (1分) (其他合理答案同样给分)
③NH4NO3、NH3?H2O (1分),=
(1分)
19.(14分)(1)甲、乙(1分);D,E,F(2分)
(2)50mL碱式滴定管(1分);上下移动量气管使量气管液面与水准管液面相平(1分)。
(3)0.05(1分);不能(1分);托盘天平的感量为0.1g(1分);用标准卷尺量取(1分)。
(4)12VL/5mx
L?mol-1。(2分)
(5)偏低(1分);偏低(1分);偏低(1分)。
20.(8分)(1)Zn2+4
OH-=[Zn(OH4)]2- (2分)
(2)10-17 (2分)
(3)8.0~12.0 (2分)
(4)1.80
(2分)
试题详情
2009高考英语最新热点作文预测8篇
热点1: 翟志刚首次太空行走
2008年9月25日,中国成功地将三人小组送入太空,其中航天员翟志刚在太空首次行走,这是我国自2003年以来最具有挑战性的太空任务.请简单介绍此次 “神舟七号”的有关情况.内容包括:
1.这是一次具有历史使命的飞行,而且技术上的成果基本都是我国自主研发的.
2.这次的任务主要是太空行走,它将有助于中国在未来几年内建立中国的第一个空间站.
注意:载人飞船manned spaceship/spacecraft; 出舱活动an extra-vehicular
activity;空间站space station
Shenzhou-Ⅶ, which was shot up into space on September
25,returned to Earth three days later, having completed its historic mission.
It is the country’s most challenging space mission since 2003.The main mission
is to carry out the space walk, known as an extra-vehicular activity, or EVA,
which is expected to help China master the technology to create it’s first
space station in the next few years. During the traveling, Zhai
Zhigang, one of the three astronauts on board Shenzhou-Ⅶ,stepped out of the capsule and conducted the
historic space walk. Most importantly, all along China has relied heavily on
homegrown technology. The Shenzhou-7 mission marks a historic breakthrough in China’s
manned space program. It represents the comprehensive strength of our nation.
热点2:北京奥运
经过运动员们16天的激烈拼搏,第29 届奥运会于2008年8月24日在北京落下帷幕.中国运动员发挥出色,获得了51枚金牌,为中国赢得了巨大的荣誉.奥运会期间,有很多值得我们回味的地方.你作为一名中学生―李华,围绕奥运会对人类的影响,谈一下自己的看法,题目自拟.
注意:词数120左右.
What a Great Olympic Games!
The 29th
Olympic Games has been over in Beijing,
China on August
24,2008, which has left a great impression on the whole world. About 204
countries and regions attended the Olympic Games. In the Games, our Chinese
athletes have won 51 gold medals, while America,36;
Russia,23.
This is the first time that we, Chinese athletes have won so many gold medals
in one Olympic Games, which means our sports games belong to the first class in
the world!
It is our athletes’ intelligence and other qualities that have won the great
honor for us Chinese all! Days when we were looked down upon have gone forever!
From the very Games, we have proved that our government has the ability to hold
the Olympic Games successfully! Not only can we hold the Olympic Games well, but
also we can perform well. The fact has showed everything to the world! It is
the successful 29th Olympic Games that destroys the saying of those
who doubted about it days ago! What a great, successful and impressive Olympic
Games!
热点3: 刘翔退赛
在2008年北京奥运会上,中国著名运动员刘翔因腿伤退出比赛,引起人们的广泛争议,下面是新浪网站的一项调查:
运动员受伤后,应该坚持还是应该退出?
选项名称
投票数
百分比
趋势
应该退出,健康比金钱重要
222292
34.77%
上升
运动场就是战场,刘翔应该坚持
123752
19.36%
上升
请你结合上表,写一篇英语短文,谈谈自己的看法.
In the
Beijing 2008 Olympic Games Chinese athlete Liu Xiang dropped out of the race
due to his foot injury, which led to a heated discussion among people across
the country.
According to a survey conducted by Sina Website,
about 34% of the people think an athlete should quit the race when injured
since health is much more important than a gold medal; While nearly 20% of the netizens believe that an injured athlete should hold on to
the end instead of giving up halfway. They regard the sport field as a
battlefield in which every athlete should fight for the honor of his or her
country in spite of any difficulty.
In my opinion, it’s a right choice for Liu Xiang to choose to quit the race.
For one thing, nothing is more important than health and sports doesn’t mean
sacrificing one’s health for a gold medal; for another, after Liu Xiang
recovers fully, he still has many chances to realize his dream.
热点4:奥运会获奖运动员的高薪问题
近几年,奥运会获奖运动员的高薪问题引起了广泛的社会关注。有些人支持这种做法,认为运动员们付出了很多努力,应该得到回报;有些人则持反对意见。请你就此写一篇100词左右的英语短文并发表自己的看法。
In recent years, the topic whether it is fair for athletes to
pocket large sums of money has aroused more and more discussion.
Those who support giving sportsmen high salaries
think that athletes have won a great reputation for our country in the Olympic
Games. What’s more, athletes must undergo painstaking physical and
psychological training. Besides, they offer a lot of encouragement to young
people to take part in physical activities.
However, some people have different ideas. They
consider that athletes do little to boost the national economy directly. Thus
they should not receive so much money.
I believe that they should get high
salaries, considering all the efforts they have made.
热点5:高三备考复习效率
在紧张的高三备考阶段,英语老师为了提高复习效率,广泛征求学生意见。假如你叫张华,请根据以下提示,给英语老师写封信,表达你们的需求和建议。
●适当放慢进度,留出思考时间
●反复训练重要、易错知识点
●指导方法
●减少作业量以保证质量
●给予更多鼓励
注意:1.根据以上内容写一篇短文,不要逐句翻译,可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
2.要准确使用语法和词汇;使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思;
3. 词数:100个左右。开头已给出,不计词数。
Dear
Mr. Wang,
We’re so pleased that you are willing to share our views.
In the course of the general revision, what we need is solid foundation. As you
know, we didn’t learn well enough in the first two years, so please slow down
and make sure we have really mastered something. Besides, we need a little more
time to think for ourselves. As for those important points which also make us
confused, would you please give us more practice in case we forget? Meanwhile,
we need your instruction, for example, in how to write in natural English. I
still have another request: assign us less homework in order that we can do it
more efficiently.
By the way, we often feel frustrated, which has a very bad effect on our study.
We would appreciate it if you would give us some encouragement from time to
time.
热点6:高考状元与广告
高考过后,总有一些学习用品商家千方百计在高考状元身上下工夫,让状元们说是使用过他们的产品后才取得了优异成绩。请你用英语写一篇100词左右的短文,谈谈自己的看法。内容应包括以下要点:
1. 简要描述这种现象; 2. 给状元们提一点建议。
注意:
1. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
2. 参考词汇:状元 Number One Scholar;产品 product;适合suitable
After
the college entrance exams, some companies that sell learning products are
always trying to do anything they can to make full use of Number One Scholars
in order to sell their products.
In fact, it’s not easy for students to become
Number One Scholars. Most of them succeed not because of the products, but
their proper way of learning and hard work. Every student has his own way of
studying, so the Number One Scholars’ experience may not be suitable for all
the students. Most important of all, not all of these products are good enough
to help us study.
I do hope that Number One Scholars can
think of the poor students instead of themselves only.
热点7:三鹿奶粉事件
近期,“三鹿奶粉事件”吵得沸沸扬扬。经相关部门调查,发现三鹿牌婴幼儿配方奶粉里有一种对婴儿有害的物质三聚氢胺。到目前为止,奶粉污染事件已导致4名婴儿死亡,约5,4000名婴儿染病。假如你是一名记者,请你对这一事件做一下简要介绍并发表自己今后对如何确保食品安全的看法。字数130左右。
Recently, the incident of Sanlu milk powder has
become the focus of people’s attention. According to the investigation of
related departments, the powder was found to contain a chemical called C3N6H6
which can cause great damage to infants’ health. So far, four children have
died and approximately 54,000 have developed illness after drinking the milk.
From this incident, we can see that there are still more things to be done.
Firstly, the government needs everything possible to ensure the quality of
products, particularly the safety of food as this concerns everyone's life.
Secondly, as for the producers, it is very important for them to be morally
honest. They should never try to pursue profit or economic growth at the
expense of health and life of people. Thirdly, we consumers must attach
importance to the things we eat and develop an awareness of how to protect our legal rights if cheated. Only in
this way will we be able to build a more secure and harmonious society.
热点8:可持续发展
可持续发展已成为全球共识,如何实行可持续发展是摆在世人面前的重大问题。请就下面表格所提供的内容进行陈述并谈谈你的看法。
目前的状况
自然资源日趋减少
环境问题依然严重
人的环保观念淡薄
贫富差距越来越大
已采取的措施
制定了相关的法律法规
投入了大量的资金改善环境
对民众进行教育
加强了国际间相互合作
你的看法
……
注意:
1.不要逐条翻译。
2. 可适当发挥
3. 词数:120左右
4. 文章的开头部分以给出
参考词汇:差距
gap 相关法律 relevant laws
The idea of sustainable development has been accepted by the
world. How to keep sustainable development is a big problem facing our planet.
The present situation is worrying. First, natural resources are becoming less
than before. Second, as some people are not aware of the importance of the
environmental protection, the problems with it remain extremely serious to some
degree. The gap between the rich and the poor has the tendency to become wider
and wider.
To our great joy, many countries have taken action. On one hand, they have made
relevant laws and regulations and put large amounts of money to the
environmental protection. One the other hand, popularized education as well as
international cooperation is being carried out.
As for myself, I should take the responsibility to devote myself to sustainable
development, our future and the lives of our children and our grandchildren
will be in danger.
试题详情