镇海中学
2008 学年第一学期期中考试高三年级
英语试卷
第一部分 听力 (共两节。满分30分)
第一节（共5 小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In an office. B. In a library. C. In a bookstore.
2. Where did the speakers plan to go?
A. A shopping center. B. An opera house. C. The parking lot.
3. Which aspect of the film does the woman like?
A. The plot. B. The music. C. The dialogue.
4. What do we know about the woman’s jacket?
A. It is sold at a lower price.
B. Its color is her favorite.
C. It is her sister’s size.
5. What does the woman imply?
A. The man is so forgetful.
B. The man is too careless.
C. The man is over confident.
第二节（共15 小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话或独白前后，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What makes the man so tired?
A. Playing games.
B. Surfing the Internet.
C. Searching for interesting people.
7. Whom did the man chat with?
A.
People from
B. People in need of his help.
C. People on the same project.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What does the law forbid people to do?
A. To take dogs to parks.
B. To walk dogs in the streets.
C. To treat dogs cruelly.
9. What do we know from what the woman said?
A. Dogs should be kept at home.
B. Building a dog park is necessary.
C. People would remove the dog waste.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. According to the man, what did he do before he watched TV?
A. He washed his hands.
B. He had his supper.
C. He took a path.
11. What place had the man been to the night before?
12. What does the man try to do in the conversation?
A. To prove the truth. B. To find the truth. C. To hide the truth.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why did the son come back late?
A. He hurt his hands and knees.
B. He went to a pub with Linda.
C. He waited a long time for the bus.
14. What was the old lady doing in the middle of the road?
A. Looking for something.
B. Struggling to sand up.
C. Trying to seek help.
15. What happened to Linda?
A. She was fired. B. She got injured. C. She had an accident.
16. Where was the witness?
A. Outside the pub. B. At a bus stop. C. In his car.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What’s the problem of some of the university students?
A. They don’t spend all their time on studies.
B. They don’t know what to do with their free time.
C. They don’t have choices for outside class activities.
18. How is the students’ high school life?
A. Controlled and busy.
B. Regular and colorful.
C. Active and independent.
19. According to the speaker, what is the role of outside class activities at university?
A. To make students healthier.
B. To improve students’ test scores.
C. To enrich students’ experience.
20. What does the speaker advise his students to do?
A. Learn to enjoy themselves.
B. Learn to be their own masters.
C. Learn to develop their potential.
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 单项填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
21. _______ person like him won’t be satisfied with _______ little progress that he has made.
A. The; a B. The; / C. A; / D. A; the
22. out of the difficult situation, the restaurant is now making efforts to improve the quality of service.
A. To get B. Got C. Having got D. Getting
23. ―Hadn’t your sheep gone much farther ______ you caught up with them?
―No, and we found ______ only two of them that were frozen to death.
A. when; it were B. until; it were C. before; it was D. as; there was
24. ______ of the land in that district _______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are
25. His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed quite difficult at first, has _______ many good changes in their lives.
A. resulted from B. brought about C. took place D. got through
26. It is in that poor village, _______ Mary lived and worked 15 years ago, _______ she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.
A. where; when B. that; that C. that; when D. where; that
27. The most exciting thing for him was_____ he finally found two tinned fruits in_____ seemed to him to be a servant's bedroom.
A. that; what B. what; what C. that; that D. what; that
28. -------______ Henry have left already?
-------He ______, for he always has good manners.
A．Must; needn’t have left B．Might; couldn’t have left
C．May; mustn’t have left D．Could; can’t have left
29. I feel sure that _______ qualification, ability and experience, you are abundantly suited to the position we have in mind.
A. regardless of B. in spite of C. in terms of D. by means of
30. ― I saw no more than one motor car in that shop. Will you go and buy _______?
― No, I’d rather find _______ in other shops.
A. one; one B. it; one C. one; it D. it; it
31. The telephone____ four times in the last twenty minutes，and each time it___for my roommate.
A. rang；has been B. has been ringing；is
C. had rung；was D. has rung；was
32. ------I didn’t invite him to the party but he came anyway and got completely drunk.
-------_______ he hadn’t come! The party could have been a success.
A. How come B. If only C. What if D. Only if
33. ------ John, I can' t play tennis at all. I wonder if you could teach me.
-----______. Just name the day.
A. I'm glad B. Go ahead C. If you like it D. With pleasure
34. ----- Are you satisfied with your interview yesterday?
----Oh, not a little．I can’t feel _____.There ____ be a bright future ahead of me.
A. any better; should B. any worse; could
C. any well; shall D. any badly; can
35. With two more professional hands _____ you with the work later on, scarcely will you have trouble _______ your task ahead of time.
A. helping…completing B. help…to complete
C. will help…completed D. to help…completing
第二节 完型填空 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
When I entered
When I took the first exam, I was 38 to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper, 39 English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained _ 40 .
I decided to try harder, although I didn’t know what that 41 because school had always been easy for me. I read the books more carefully, but got another 77. Again, I 42 with Professor Jayne. Again, he listened patiently but wouldn’t change his 43 .
One more test before the final exam. One more 44 to improve my grade. So I redoubled my efforts and, for the first time, 45 the meaning of the word “thorough”. But my 46 did no good and everything 47 as before.
The last hurdle (障碍) was the final. No matter what 48 I got, it wouldn’t cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the 49 goodbye.
I stopped working hard. I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would. The night before the final, I even 50 myself to a movie. The next day I decided for once I’d have 51 with a test.
A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A. I hurried into Professor Jayne’s office. He 52 to be expecting me. “If I gave you the As you 53 , you wouldn’t continue to work as hard.”
I stared at him, 54 that his analysis and strategy were correct. I had worked my head off, as I had never done before.
I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. I’ve always remembered Professor Jayne’s lesson: you alone must set your own __55__of excellence.
36. A. take B. discuss C. cover D. get
37. A. sought B. presented C. exchanged D. obtained
38. A. shocked B. worried C. scared D. anxious
39. A. but B. so C. for D. or
40. A. unhappy B. unpleasant C. unfriendly D. unmoved
41. A. reflected B. meant C. improved D. affected
42. A. quarreled B. reasoned C. bargained D. chatted
43. A. attitude B. mind C. plan D. view
44. A. choice B. step C. chance D. measure
45. A. memorized B. considered C. accepted D. learned
46. A. ambition B. confidence C. effort D. method
47. A. stayed B. went C. worked D. changed
48. A. grade B. answer C. lesson D. comment
49. A. scholarship B. course C. degree D. subject
51. A. fun B. luck C. problems D. tricks.
52. A. happened B. proved C. pretended D. seemed
53. A. valued B. imagined C. expected D. welcomed
54. A. remembering B. guessing C. supposing D. realizing
55.A. standard B. point C. way D. reason
第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
A
Problem Page
Dear Lifeline,
I shall be getting married in August．My mother wants me to have a white wedding in church, because I am the only daughter, and she wants me to have the kind of wedding that she had．I , on the other hand, would like to have a simple wedding and a small party afterwards for my immediate family and close friends．I don’t want my parents to go to a lot of expense just for one day; I’d rather they spent the money on things that my husband and I will need, that will last us for many years．
Do you agree with me that this is a reasonable point of view? Can you think of a way in which I might persuade my parents to think as I do ?
Yours,
Money-Conscious
Dear Money-Conscious,
We agree that your point of view is reasonable; but reason isn’t everything. Your parents clearly do not mind ‘going to a lot of expense’, as you put it. They would mind more if you prevented them from doing so. There is, in fact, no reason why a white wedding in church should cost a lot of money. Such a wedding can be very simple, yet it can give you the sort of happy memories that your mother has of her own wedding day．
We suggest you meet your mother halfway. Have a simple church wedding and a simple party afterwards. If it means so much to your mother, perhaps you owe it to her to do as she wishes. We are sure that you will not regret it．
Dear lifeline,
I have known my girlfriend for six years. The other day, I asked her to marry me, certain that I knew what the answer would be. But she said she wanted to think about it．
I shall be going on holiday soon, and I hoped she would come with me; but now she says she’d rather go on holiday with a friend of hers. Am I losing her?
Yours,
Deeply Worried
Dear Deeply Worried,
Perhaps you were too certain of your girlfriend. Six years is a long time. Perhaps you have been in each other’s packets for too long. Give yourselves a holiday from each other, and then ask her again on your return. We think you will find that she will give you the answer that you want．
56. It is the purpose of the Problem Page to _____.
A．write letters to lonely, troubled people
B．try to find answers to readers’ problems
C．ask readers to give their answers to problems
D．send questions to readers for their answers
57. “Money-Conscious” would like her parents to _____.
A． go to a lot of expense not to buy what she will need
B． give her and her husband the money instead of a church wedding
C． give her money over a period of years
D． spend the money on useful presents rather than on the wedding
58. “Lifeline” suggests a simple church wedding because ______.
A．this is the least expensive kind of wedding
B．you cannot be reasonable about something like a wedding
C．it can be inexpensive yet provide a lifetime’s memories
D．it is the simplest, yet happiest sort of wedding
59. “Deeply Worried” was worried that ______.
A． he might lose his girl-friend while they were on holiday together
B． his girlfriend was losing interest in him
C． he had known his girl-friend for too long
D． he would have to go away on holiday by himself
B
Which is safer --- staying at home, traveling to work on public transport, or working at the office? Surprisingly, each of these carries the same risk, which is very low. However, what about flying compared to working in the chemical industry? Unfortunately, the former is 65 times riskier than the latter! In fact the accident rate of workers in the chemical industry is less than that of almost any of human activity, and almost as safe as staying at home.
The trouble
with the chemical industry is that when things go wrong they often cause death
to those living nearby. It is this that chemical accidents so newsworthy.
Fortunately, they are extremely rare. The most famous ones happened at
Some of these
are always in the minds of the people even though the loss of life was small.
No one died at Seveso, and only 28 workers at Flixborough. The worst accident of all was
Some experts
have discussed these accidents and used each accident to illustrate a
particular danger. Thus the
60. According to the passage, the chemical accident that caused by the fault of management happened at _________.
A.
61. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Working at the office is safer than staying at home.
B. Travelling to work on public transport is safer than working at the office.
C. Staying at home is safer than working in the chemical industry.
D. Working in the chemical industry is safer than traveling by air.
62. From the passage we know that ammonium nitrate is a kind of _____.
A. natural gas, which can easily catch fire
B. fertilizer, which can't be stored in a great quantity
C. poisonous substance, which can't be used in overcrowded areas
D. fuel, which is stored in large tanks
63. From the discussion among some experts we may conclude that _____.
A. to avoid any accident we should not repair the facilities in chemical industry
B. the local authorities should not be concerned with the production of the
chemical industry
C. all these accidents could have been avoided or controlled if effective measures
had been taken
D. natural gas stored in very large tanks is always safe
C
Although man has known about asbestos(石棉) for many hundreds of years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the North American continent. H. W. Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop for roofers, was responsible for the opening of that first mine.
Mr, Jonhs was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in
ordinary
work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in
his hands. How astonished the customers were to discover that he was not burned
at all. You can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos
roofing materials. However, because it was very expensive to
transport(carry)them from
Ever since 1881
Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads, but they have found thousands of uses for this fireproof material, of the called the “cloth of stone”.
64. The title that best expresses the main idea of this passage is _____.
A. Asbestos
mined in
C. A “Wonder” mineral D. A new roofing material
65. Johns proved his ability as a salesman by ______.
A. going into
the roofing business B.
carrying asbestos from
C. sending a trained scientist D. showing the use of asbestos gloves
66. Which is the most important character of asbestos that the author wants to show
us?
A. It is like thread B. It feels soapy
C. It burns easily D. It is unusually heavy
67. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage was to______.
A. show the need for more scientists B. compare asbestos with other minerals
C. increase the sales of asbestos D. present facts about asbestos
D
Nuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be described in one word; radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.
At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in important organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when
only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells are only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in an unusual way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.
This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the knowledge of the person at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated(放射治疗) and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or easy to get serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.
Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.
68. According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in __________.
A. nuclear mystery B. radiation detection
C. radiation level D. nuclear radiation
69. Radiation can lead to serious results even at the lowest level ________.
A. when it kills few cells
B. if it damages few cells
C. though the damaged cells can repair themselves
D. unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves
70. Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can _____.
A. kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately
B. damage cells which may grow into cancer years later
C. affect the healthy growth of our younger generation
D. lead to all of the above results
71. Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?
A. The importance of protection from radiation cannot be overemphasized
B. The mystery about radiation remains unsolved.
C. Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.
D. Radiation can hurt those who do not know about its danger.
E
One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world．Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will change the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child’s play.
Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes.“If the decline in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment（蚕食）?”asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.
Without having a nature experience, kids, can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress levels, creativity and cognitive （认知的） skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poorer health than their parents―and they say a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature component and that play in nature fosters （培养） leadership by the smartest, not by the toughest. Even a tiny outdoor experience can create wonder in a child．The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world．A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his eyes. We really need to value that more.
Kids are not to blame. They are over-protected and frightened．It is dangerous out there from time to time, but repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite（仪式）of passage.
Everyone, from developers, to schools and outdoorsy citizens, should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring, taking friendship in fields and woods that cement （增强） love, respect and need for landscape. As parents, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause.
72. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that __________.
A．kids missing the sense of wonder outdoors
B．parks are in danger of being gradually encroached
C．Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the Woods
D．children are expected to develop into protectors of nature
73. According to the passage, children without experiencing nature will _________.
A．keep a high sense of wonder
B．be over-protected by their parents
C．be less healthy both physically and mentally
D．change wild places and creatures for the better
74. According to the author, children’s breaking an arm is ___________.
A．the fault on the part of their parents
B．the natural experience in their growing up
C．the result of their own carelessness in play
D．the effect of their repetitive stress from computers
75. In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to ________.
A．blame children for getting lost in computer games
B．encourage children to protect parks from encroachment
C．show his concern about children’s lack of experience in nature
D．inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around
第四部分 写作（共三节，满分35分）
镇海中学 2008 学年第一学期期中考试高三年级英语试卷
答题卷
第一节 、单词拼写 （共10小题。每题0.5分，满分5分）
1. After the big fire, the forest was completely d__________.
2. Some snakes are p __________to human beings.
3. I i_________ the jacket the moment I saw it. It was my brother's.
4. Sorry, the v___________ in the office has been filled.
5. It would be u _____________that such an honest fellow should have betrayed (背叛)his friends!
6. The unemployed engineer wrote a dozen a _____________for jobs but got nothing.
7. Children are usually c _________about everything around them.
8. The police have e _________that the killer was an old woman.
9. Two businessmen have been k__________ by terrorists demanding 1 million.
10. The wind was blowing f_______ and some trees were pulled up by the roots.
第二节、短文改错 （共10小题。每题0.5分，满分5分）
Dear editor,
I graduated this year and wanted to get job. 11.
I thought I would be success, but eventually I failed. 12.
That was why I was so lazy that I didn’t want to 13.
go out. I always blamed for the hot weather. And there’s 14.
another reason nobody know about: I regarded myself as 15.
someone who couldn’t do anything lonely. I often felt less 16.
capable than others. When I found a company was 17.
advertising, I was even afraid to call to ask for detail. 18.
I wanted to make a move, and I was always disappointed. 19.
What should I do? I’m looking forward to receive your reply. 20.
Yours
Walter
第三节 书面表达 （满分25分）
学校网站新开设了一个“英语写作”栏目（column），以便学生发表（post）英语作文，进行交流，提高写作能力。现请你为该栏目写一个英文介绍，内容包括： 1. 开设目的 2. 栏目优势：教师在线（online）指导等
3. 作文要求：内容贴近学生生活 4. 优秀作文的鼓励办法
5. 邀请大家参与
注意： 1. 词数100左右 2.开头语已为你写好（不计入总词数）
Welcome to the column “English Writing”!
答案：
听力
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A
11.A 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.B 18.A 19.C 20.B
单项
DACCB DADCB DBDAD
完 型
ABACD BBBCD CBAAC ADCDA
阅读理解
BDCB BDBC CDAD DBDA DCBC
单词
destroyed poisonous identified vacancy unbelievable applications curious evidence kidnapped fiercely
短文改错
11. get后加a 12. success →successful 13. why →because 14.去掉for 15. know →knew 16. lonely→alone 17. √ 18. detail→details
19. and →but 20. receive→receiving
书面表达
One possible version:
Welcome to the column “English Writing”! Recently the school website has set up a new column called “English Writing” which provides the students the chances to post their composition and communicate with each other. Not only can students improve their writing ability in this way, but they can strengthen their self-confidence.
The column has lots of advantages. It’s the teacher’s guide on line that has advantage over the other columns. If necessary, the students can have a direct “ask and answer” with professional teachers. It is required that the composition should be related to the students’ life. What’s more, if it is organized well enough, the writer will be rewarded for it.
Hoping to the students’ participation.
2008学年第一学期高三历史期中考查试卷
安徽省2009届高三化学各地名校月考试题汇编：
原子结构和化学用语
1．（怀远二中2008-2009学年高三第四次月考）已知自然界氧的同位素有16O、17O、18O，氢的同位素有H、D，从水分子的原子组成来看，自然界的水分子一共有( C )
A．3种 B．6种 C．9种 D．12种
2．（怀远二中2008-2009学年高三第四次月考）NaH是―种离子化合物，跟水反应的方程式为：NaH＋H2O=NaOH＋H2↑，也能跟液氨、乙醇等发生类似的反应，并都产生氢气。下列有关NaH的叙述错误的是( B )
A．跟水反应时，水作氧化剂 B．NaH中H－半径比Li＋半径小
C．跟液氨反应时，有NaNH2生成 D．跟乙醇反应时，NaH被氧化
3. （怀远二中2008-2009学年高三第四次月考）设阿伏加德罗常数为NA。则下列说法正确的是 （ B ）
A．常温常压下，
B．
C．2.24LCO2与足量的Na2O2反应，Na2O2转移的电子总数一定为0.1NA
D．常温下，
4．（安徽省包集中学2009届高三11月月考）正确掌握化学用语和化学基本概念是学好化学的基础,下列有关表述中正确的一组是( C )
A．过氧乙酸(CH3COOOH)与羟基乙酸(HOCH2COOH)所含官能团相同；两者互为同分异构体
B．16O与18O互为同位素；H216O、D216O、H218O、D218O互为同素异形体
C．P4、CH4、NH4＋粒子的空间构型均为正四面体型；CO2、C2H2均为直线型分子
D．Ca2＋的结构示意图为
，NH4Cl的电子式为
5、（安徽师大附中2008-2009学年度第一学期期中考试高三化学）NH4Cl是强酸弱碱盐，它在水溶液里的水解过程可用下图表示：
则下列有关NH4 Cl溶液里存在的微粒的叙述，不正确的是[ A ]
A.存在NH3?H2O，其结构式为
B.存在NH4+，其电子式为
C.存在H3O+，其结构式为
D.存在OH－，其电子式为
6、（安徽师大附中2008-2009学年度第一学期期中考试高三化学）金属钛对体液无毒且有惰性，能与肌肉和骨骼生长在一起，因而有“生物金属”之称。下列有关
和
的说法中正确的是[ B ]
A.和原子中均含有22个中子
B.
和
核外均有4个电子层
C.分别由和组成的金属钛单质互称为同分异构体
D.与为同一核素
7．（舒城中学2008/2009学年度第三次月考 ）最新研究表明生命可能起源于火山爆发，因为火山爆发产生的气体中含有1%的羰基硫（COS），已知羰基硫分子中所有原子的最外层都满足8电子结构，结合已学知识，判断有关说法正确的是（ D ）
A．羰基硫属于非极性分子 B．羰基硫的电子式为
C．羰基硫的沸点比CO2低 D．羰基硫分子中三个原子处于同一直线上
8．（安徽荣达学校08-09学年第五次质量检测）判断下列有关化学基本概念的依据正确的是（A ）
A 氧化还原反应：元素化合价是否变化 B 共价化合物：是否含有共价键
C 强弱电解质：溶液的导电能力大小 D 金属晶体：晶体是否能够导电
9.（安徽省屯溪一中2009届高三年级第三次月考）下列化学式既能表示物质的组成，又能表示物质分子式的是（ C ）
A.NH4NO3 B.SiO
10（安徽省屯溪一中2009届高三年级第三次月考）下列说法正确的是（ C ）
A.发生化学反应时失去电子越多的金属原子，还原能力越强
B.金属阳离子被还原后，一定得到该元素的单质
C.核外电子总数相同的原子，一定是同种元素的原子
D.能与酸反应的氧化物，一定是碱性氧化物
11（安徽省天城中学2008--2009学年度第二次月考）．14N60与
A．是同系物 B．是同素异形体 C．是同位素 D．以上叙述都不正确
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
12．（安徽省蚌埠二中2009届高三第一次质量检测）理论预测以下物质的物理性质，用＞、=、＜填空：
（1）CS2的沸点___＞______ CO2的沸点。
（2）CsCl的熔点_____＜____KCl的熔点。
（3）金属K的硬度__＜_______金属Ca的硬度。
（4）金刚石的硬度______＞___晶体硅的硬度。
13．Y元素的最高正价与最低负价的绝对值之差是4；Y元素可与M元素形成离子化合物，并在水中电离出电子层结构相同的阴、阳离子，则该化合物是[ A ]
A．
B．
C．
D．
14．（安徽省潜山县黄铺中学2009届高三化学调研）已知在
时：C H4(g)＋2O2(g)
CO2(g)＋2H2O(g)；△H＝-820kJ?mol-1，则下列说法中正确的是[ C ]
A．反应过程中的能量变化关系可用右图表示
B．
的燃烧热是820 kJ.mol-1
C．
（标准状况下）完伞燃烧生成气态水时放出410 kJ 热量
D．该反应发生断裂的化学键只有极性键
15．（安徽省潜山县黄铺中学2009届高三化学调研）金属钛对体液无毒且有惰性，能与肌肉和骨骼生长在一起，因而有“生物金属”之称。下列有关
和
的说法中正确的是[ B ]
A．和原子中均含有22个中子
B．和核外均有4个电子层
C．分别由和组成的金属钛单质互称为同分异构体
D．与为同一核素
16．（安徽省灵璧中学09届高三化学第2次月考试卷）（7分） A+、B+、C－、D、E五种微粒（分子或离子），每个微粒均含有10个电子。已知：①A+＋C－
D＋E↑ ②B+＋Ｃ－
2D
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
请回答以下问题：
（1）C－离子含有的化学键为__________________
（2）具有相同空间构型的微粒是__________________和__________________
（3）分别写出A+和D反应，B+和E反应的离子方程式。
A+＋D：__________________B+＋E：__________________
答案．（1）共价键 (2)NH3, H3O+, (3)
NH4+＋H2O ㄐNH3?H2O＋H+ .NH3＋H3O+ ＝
＋H2O
17、（安徽省涡阳县08-09年10月高三联考）1.2007年诺贝尔化学奖得主Gerhard Ertl对金属Pt表面催化CO氧化反应的模型进行了深入研究。下列关于
Pt的说法正确的是[ B ]
A. Pt和
Pt的中子数相同，互称为同位素
B. Pt和Pt的质子数相同，互称为同位素
C. Pt和Pt的核外电子数相同，是同一种核素
D. Pt和Pt的质量数不同，不能互称为同位素
18．下列物质中微粒的个数比不是1 : 1的是（ B ）
A．NaHCO3晶体中的阴离子和阳离子 B．Na2O2固体中的阴离子和阳离子
C．重氢（
H）原子中的质子和中子 D．NH3分子中的质子和电子
19．（巢湖市?炀中学2008/2009高三第二次月考）最新研究表明生命可能起源于火山爆发，因为火山爆发产生的气体中含有1%的羰基硫（COS），已知羰基硫分子中所有原子的最外层都满足8电子结构，结合已学知识，判断有关说法正确的是（ D ）
A．羰基硫属于非极性分子 B．羰基硫的电子式为
C．羰基硫的沸点比CO2低 D．羰基硫分子中三个原子处于同一直线上
20．（巢湖市?炀中学2008/2009高三第二次月考）用NA表示阿伏加德罗常数的值，下列叙述正确的是 （ C ）
A．含有NA个氦原子的氦气在标准状况下的体积约为
B．
C．0.1mol碳酸钠溶于水所得溶液中所含阴离子数大于0.1 NA
D．1 mol Cl2发生完全反应后，转移的电子数一定是2 NA
21. （安徽省六安市08-09年度高三年级第一次调研考）下列有关化学用语的说法中不正确的是[A ]
A．次氯酸的结构式为：H―Cl―O
B．－OH与 都表示羟基
 |
C．S2－的结构示意图：S2－ D．苯分子的模型示意图：
22. （安徽省六安市08-09年度高三年级第一次调研考）下列分子结构中，原子的最外层电子不能都满足8电子稳定结构的是[ C]
A．CS2 B．PCl
23、（09届蚌埠二中10月考）在下图所表示的粒子中，氧化性最强的是[ B]：
A、
B、
C、 
D、 
24．（安徽省皖南八校2009届高三第一次联考化学试卷）Y元素的最高正价与最低负价的绝对值之差是4；Y元素可与M元素形成离子化合物，并在水中电离出电子层结构相同的阴、阳离子，则该化合物是[ A ]
A． B． C． D．
25．（安徽省皖南八校2009届高三第一次联考化学试卷）下列各项中指定的粒子数目约为6.02
的是[
C ]
A．1．
所含的电子数
B．常温下1．
所含的共价键数
C．
溶液中所含的碳原子个数
D．标准状况下
所含的分子数
26．（安徽省皖南八校2009届高三第一次联考化学试卷）金属钛对体液无毒且有惰性，能与肌肉和骨骼生长在一起，因而有“生物金属”之称。下列有关和的说法中正确的是[
B ]
A．和原子中均含有22个中子
B．和核外均有4个电子层
C．分别由和组成的金属钛单质互称为同分异构体
D．与为同一核素
27．（安徽省白云中学09高三化学综合训练三）设NA表示阿伏加德罗常数的数值，下列说法正确的是[ C ]
A．由2H和18O所组成的水
B．标准状况下，
C．在
D．常温常压下的
28．（安徽省白云中学09高三化学综合训练三）正确掌握好化学用语是学好化学的基础，下列有关表述正确的是 （ D ）
A．次氯酸的电子式：
B．质量数为16的氧原子：
C．乙烯的结构简式：
D．碳酸氢根离子的电离方程式： HCO3- + H2O 
H3O++ CO32-
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
安徽省2009届高三化学各地名校月考试题汇编：
元素周期律和周期表
1．（安徽省皖南八校2009届高三第二次联考试题）右图为周期表中短周期的一部分，若X原子最外层电子数比次外层电子数少3，则下列 说法正确的是（C ）
A．X的氢化物比R的氢化物稳定
B．原子半径大小顺序是Z>Y>X>R
C．Z的单质能与Y的某些化合物发生置换反应
D．X、Z可形成化合物XZ5，分子中各原子均满足最外层8电子结构
解析． X原子最外层电子数比次外层电子数少3，推知X为P，则R、Y、Z依次为O、S、C1。
2．（安徽荣达学校08-09学年第五次质量检测） 短周期元素W、X、Y、Z，W元素的一种原子无中子，X与Z同主族、与Y同周期，Y是地壳中含量最丰富的元素，Z元素原子的最外层电子数是内层电子数的0.4倍，则下列有关叙述正确的是 （ C ）
A．XY2与ZY2的化学键类型和晶体类型相同
B．ZY2为酸性氧化物，可以与强碱反应，但不能与任何酸反应
C．XW4与XY2均为只含极性键的非极性分子
D．常温下Z的单质很稳定，既不与酸反应，也不与强碱反应
3．（安徽荣达学校08-09学年第五次质量检测）下列有关表述正确的是 （ C ）
A． 位于短周期的X元素的阳离子与Y元素的阴离子具有相同的电子层结构，则两元素的最高正化合价一定是X<Y
B． 分子晶体的熔沸点都很低，所以常温下都呈液态或气态
C． 热稳定性：AsH3<PH3<H2O<HF
D． 最外层电子数较少的金属元素，一定比最外层电子数较多的金属元素活泼性强
4. （安徽省屯溪一中2009届高三年级第三次月考）下列各组物质性质比较中，正确的是（ C ）
A.氢化物沸点：HI＞HBr＞HCl＞HF B.离子半径：K+＞Cl-＞S2-
C.分子稳定性：HF＞HCl＞HBr＞HI D.单质熔点：Li＜Na＜K＜Rb
5. （安徽省屯溪一中2009届高三年级第三次月考）短周期元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增大，W与Y、X与Z位于同一主族，W与X可形成共价化合物WX2，Y原子的内层电子总数是其最外层电子数的2.5倍。下列叙述中不正确的是（ D ）
A. WX2分子中所有原子最外层都为8电子结构
B. WX2、ZX2中的化学键类型和晶体类型都相同
C. WX2是以极性键结合成的非极性分子
D.原子半径大小顺序为：X＜W＜Y＜Z
6 （安徽省屯溪一中2009届高三年级第三次月考）M元素的一个原子失去两个电子转移到R元素的两个原子中去，形成离子化合物。下列四种化合物都符合条件，但从结构上看，有一种物质与其它三种明显不同，该物质是（ D ）
A.FeS2 B.CaC
7. （安徽省屯溪一中2009届高三年级第三次月考）下列关于金属的叙述中正确的是（ B ）
A.所有的金属常温下都是固态
B.金属具有导电性、导热性和延展性
C.活泼的金属或较活泼的金属能与酸反应，但不能与碱反应
D.金属元素在自然界中都是以化合态存在的
8．（安徽省天城中学2008--2009学年度第二次月考）（18分）（1）有A、B、C、D、E五种微粒，它们都含有10个电子。通常状况下，微粒A和B为分子，C和E为阳离子，D为阴离子；B溶于A后所得的物质可电离出C和D；A、B、E三种微粒反应后可得C和一种白色沉淀。请回答：
①用化学符号填空：
B的结构式 ，C的电子式 。
②写出A、B、E三种微粒反应的离子方程式：
。
（2）甲、乙、丙、丁为前三周期元素形成的微粒，它们的电子总数相等。已知甲、乙、丙为双原子分子或负二价双原子阴离子，丁为原子。
①丙和钙离子组成的离子化合物跟水反应产生一种可燃性气体，该反应的化学方程式为： 。
②乙在高温时是一种还原剂，请用化学方程式表示它在工业上的一种重要用途： 。
③在一定条件下，甲与O2反应的化学方程式是 。
④丁的元素符号是 ，它的原子结构示意图为 。
⑤单质丁的晶体熔点比金刚石的熔点 （填“高”或“低”）。
答案
9．（安徽省天城中学2008--2009学年度第二次月考）下面元素周期表中全部是金属元素的区域为（ D ）
A．只有s区
B．只有d区
C．s区、d区和ds区
D．d区和ds区
10．（安徽省天城中学2008--2009学年度第二次月考）下列说法正确的是 （ C ）
A．SiH4比CH4稳定
B．O2?半径比F?的小
C．Na和Cs属于第ⅠA族元素，Cs失电子能力比Na的强
D．P和As属于第ⅤA族元素，H3PO4酸性比H3AsO4的弱
11．（安徽省天城中学2008--2009学年度第二次月考）下表为短周期的一部分，推断关于Y、Z、M的说法正确的是 （D ）
A．非金属性：Y >Z>M
B．原子半径：M>Z>Y
C．气态氢化物的稳定性：Y<M<Z
D．ZM2分子中各原子的最外层均满足8e-稳定结构
12．（2009届安庆一中化学高三12月考）有A、B、C、D 4种短周期元素。A、B、C为同一周期相邻的3种元素，A和C 的原子序数之比为3：4；A、B、C分别与D形成的化合物的电子总数相等。试回答：
（1）由四种元素中的两种组成的X、Y、Z三种物质，已知X分子的空间构型为三角锥形，该分子的电子式为__________，Y分子的空间构型为直线型，该分子的化学式为_____________________。Z分子为天然高分子化合物（限中学教材范围内），其结构简式为_____________________。
（2）由四种元素中的三种组成的甲、乙两种化合物，甲物质属盐类，其溶液呈酸性，甲物质的化学式为__________，其水溶液呈酸性的原因是_____ _____________；乙物质为常见的天然高分子化合物，其化学式为__________________________________________。
（3）E和F为两种共价化合物，它们均含上述四种元素，且互为同分异构体；它们一个分子中均含有2个A原子。E可发生缩聚反应，F分子中含有40个电子，则F的结构简式为__________ _____，E发生缩聚反应的方程式_________ ___。
答案．（1）
； C2H2（CO2）(其它合理答案均可给分)；
（2分）（2）NH4NO3； NH4++H2O
NH3●H2O+H+(2分)；（C6H10O5）n；
（3）CH3CH2NO2；
13．(安徽省泗县2008-2009学年度第一次质量检测)（11分）有X、Y、Z三种元素，它们的单质在常温常压下皆为气体。
①X单质可在Z单质中燃烧，火焰为苍白色；
②X2Y在常温常压下为液体；
③Z单质溶于化合物X2Y所得溶液具有漂白性。
试回答下列问题：
（1）Z的原子结构示意图： ；
（2）化合物X2Y2的电子式： ；
（3）化合物XZ在固态时的晶体类型是 ；
（4）化合物X2Y的分子空间构型为： ，其中Y原子的杂化方式为： （选填“sp1、sp2、sp3等”）；由于X2Y分子间能形成 ，使其具有相对较高的熔沸点；写出X2Y在反应中作还原剂的有关反应的化学方程式 。
（5）SO2也有漂白性，将少量SO2气体通入③所得溶液中，会使该溶液的漂白性 （填“增强、减弱或无影响”），写出其反应的离子方程式 。
答案.【每个方程式2分，其余每空1分，本题共11分】
 |
|||
 |
|||
（1） （2）
（3）分子晶体；
（4）V形（或折线形）；sp3；氢键；
（5）减弱，SO2+Cl2+2H2O = 4H++SO42―+2Cl―；
14．（7分）有①～⑧八种短周期元素，其原子序数依次增大，其中②、⑦、⑧三种元素在刷期表中的相对位置如下，且元素②所处主族的位置为所有主族的正中间。
②
⑦
⑧
（1）元素②在周期表中的位置为 ；②、⑦、⑧三种元素最高价氧化物刘应水化物的酸性由强到弱的顺序是 （用化学式表示）。
 |
答案．（1）第二周期ⅣA族（1分）；
（2分）
（2）
（各2分）
15．（安徽泗县一中2008-2009学年度第一学期高三第三次月考）下列各组物质的晶体中，化学键类型和晶体类型完全相同的是w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A．CO2和SiO2 B．SiCl4和CCl
安徽省2009届高三化学各地名校月考试题汇编：
有机推断
1．（黄山市田家炳实验中学2008年高三第三次月考）(12分) 已知溴水中存在化学平衡：
Br2＋H2O
HBr＋HBrO，乙烯通入溴水中，生成A、B（B的分子式为C2H5BrO）和C2H5Br。
回答下列问题：
⑴E的分子式为______________。G中含氧官能团的名称是______________。
⑵B的结构简式为_____________________，I的结构简式为_______________________。
⑶A～I中，能发生银镜反应的物质的结构简式是_________________________________，。
⑷写出由G转化为H的化学方程式：__________________________________________，
⑸指出以下转化的反应类型为的：乙烯→A_______、 G→H_________________。
答案．(12分)⑴ C8H16O4 羟基、羧基 (1+1)分
⑵B CH2BrCH2OH 
⑶ Br-CH2-CHO (2+2+2)分
⑷ n HOCH2COOH→H-[-OCH2CO-]n-OH +(n-1)H2O (2分)
⑸ 加成反应 、缩聚反应。(2分)
2、（2009届安庆一中化学高三12月考）为测定某有机化合物A的结构，进行如下实验。
【分子式的确定】（1）将有机物A置于氧气流中充分燃烧，实验测得：生成5.4gH2O和8.8gCO2，消耗氧气
（2）质谱仪测定有机化合物的相对分子质量为46，则该物质的分子式是 ；
（3）根据价键理论，预测A的可能结构并写出结构简式 。
【结构式的确定】 （4）核磁共振氢原子光谱能对有机物分子中不同位置的氢原子给出不同的峰值（信号），根据峰值（信号）可以确定分子中氢原子的种类和数目。例如：甲基氯甲基醚（Cl―CH2―O―CH3）有两种氢原子（图1）。经测定，有机物A的核磁共振氢谱示意图如图2，则A的结构简式为
。
【性质实验】
（5）A在一定条件下脱水可生成B，B可合成包装塑料C，请写出B转化为C的化学反应方程式： 。
（6）体育比赛中当运动员肌肉扭伤时，队医随即用氯乙烷（沸点为
（7）A可通过粮食在一定条件下制得，由粮食制得的A在一定温度下密闭储存，因为发生一系列的化学变化而变得更醇香。请写出最后一步反应的化学方程式： 。
答案（1）n(C): n(H): n(O)= 2:6:1 （2）C2H6O （3）CH3CH2OH CH3?O-CH3
（4）CH3CH2OH
（5）nCH2=CH2 [CH2-CH2 ] n
（6）nCH2=CH2 + HCl
CH3CH2 Cl
（7）
3．（岳西中学2009届高三复习班化学第二次质量检测）某单质X能从盐的溶液中置换出单质Y,下列说法正确的是[ A ]
A．当X、Y都是金属时,X一定比Y活泼
B．当X、Y都是非金属时，Y一定比X活泼
C．当X是金属时，Y只能是金属。
D．当X是非金属时，Y可能是金属，也可能是非金属
4．（巢湖市?炀中学2008/2009高三第二次月考）Ⅰ．相对分子质量不超过100的有机物N，既能与金属钠反应产生无色气体，又能与碳酸钠反应产生无色气体，还可以使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色。 N完全燃烧只生成CO2和H2O。经分析其含氧元素的质量分数为37.21%。经核磁共振检测发现N的氢谱如下：
 |
（1）N的结构简式为：___________________________________。
Ⅱ
．塑料是常用的合成高分子材料，常用塑料F、G均可由某烃经下列反应得到：
（2）写出反应①的化学方程式：
_________ _________________________；
（3）写出反应②的化学方程式：
_________ _________________________；
（4）写出反应③的化学方程式：
_________ _________________________；
答案.．（1）CH2＝C(CH3)COOH (3分)
（2）
+2NaOH
+2NaBr (3分)
（3）n 
(3分)
（4）n CH3－CHOH－COOH
H
OH + （n－1）H2O
(3分)
5、（安师大附中2009届年高三第一次模拟考试化学）（15分） 已知
。有机物G（C20H18O4）是一种酯，合成路线如下：
试回答下题问题：
（1）指出反应类型：反应① ，反应② 。
（2）A的结构简式是 ；F的结构简式是 。
（3）B转化为C的化学方程式是（有机物用结构简式表示）
（4）写出有机物C的所有同时含碳碳双键、苯环和羧基的同分异构体（不包括有机物C本身）：
、 、 、 。
答案（1）加成；消去
（2）
（3）
+2Cu(OH)2 CH = CH－COOH + Cu2O↓+2H2O
6．（安徽省皖南八校2009届高三第一次联考化学试卷）（10分）（化学――有机化学基础）
有机物A～G有如下转化关系（无机产物已略去）．其中A、B、C、G分子中均含有苯环，1 mol
A发生反应生成l mol B和
，回答下列问题：
（1）实验室由
制取D的化学方程式为
。
（2）C的核磁共振氯谱图如下图所示，则C的结构简式为 。有相同官能团种类和数目的同分异构体有 种（除C外）。
（3）A的结构简式为 。
（4）由C 与 F生成G的化学方程式为 。
答案（1）
（2）
；2
（3）
（4）
（每空2分）
7．（安徽省白云中学09高三化学综合训练三）(10分)某化合物A在一定条件下能发生如下图所示的转变：
其中只有B1既能使溴水褪色，又能与Na2CO3 溶液反应放出CO2 ，回答下列问题：
（1）指出反应类型：X 反应，Y 反应。
（2）物质A的结构简式为 。
（3）写出C
C2的化学方程式
。
（4）与F互为同分异构体且核磁共振氢谱只有一种峰的有机物的结构简式有 。
（5）与C2具有相同官能团的同分异构体（不包括C2，同个碳原子上不能有多个羟基）共有 种。
答案．(10分)(1) 取代(或水解) 消去(每空1分)
(2)
|
多巴胺结构如右图：
（2分） 
Ⅲ、（两方程式各3分）
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