2009年英语备考素材：高考知识点汇集
非谓语动词
分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。
它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。
现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。
现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。
过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。
分词使用中的几个问题
1、现在分词的完成式
Having cleaned the room, I went out.
2、现在分词的否定式
Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.
3、现在分词与过去分词的不同
现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成
I found the man killed there.
I found the man standing there.
4、have结构
We have the car repaired.
We have repaired the car.
We have Tom repair the car.
We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.
5、分词作表语
We were excited at the news.
The football game is exciting.
6、独立主格结构
It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.
II． 例题
例1、Time_______， I'll go on a picnic with you.
A. permits B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting
解析：该题答案为D。 Time permitting…是独立主格结构，意为"如果时间允许的话…"
例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.
A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking
解析：该题答案为C。主语she是被问。
情态动词与助动词
I． 要点
助动词本身无意义，在句中帮助主要动词构成一定的时态，语态、语气，或是帮助构成否定句和疑问句，常用的助动词有
be, do, have, shall(should), will(would).
情态动词表一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表达说话人的态度，它在句中须和主要动词一起构成谓语，
主要的情态动词有can(could), may (might), must, have to, ought to, need, dare, shall, should, will, would.
1.可以，表说话人同意，许可还可表客观条件许可，
如:You can go now.
提建议或请求时可用can I, can you表客气，
如Can I buy you a drink?
an和be able to表能力时的区别。
n表一般具有的能力，be able to表在特定条件下的能力，
如:Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened.
2、may
（1）可以，表说话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。You may go.
（2）（现在和将来）可能，也许，只用于肯定句和否定句中，如He may not be right.
3、must, have to
must表主观上的必须，have to表客观上的必须，
如:It's getting late. I have to go. -Must I go now. Yes, you must.
(No, you needn't./ No, you don't have to.)
4、need, dare这二词有实意动词和情态动词两种词性，如用作实意动词后接动词不定式to do，
如用作情态动词后接动词原形。Need I go now? --Yes, you must./No, you needn't.)
5、shall用于第一人称疑问句中表说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求，
如，Shall we begin our lesson?
用于二、三人称陈述句，表说话人命令、警告、允诺、威胁等口吻，
如: You shall fail if you don't work harder.
6、should表应该，意为有责任，有义务。
如:We should try our best to make our country more beautiful.
7、will表有做某事的意志、意愿、安心、打算，
如 "Will you lend me your book?" "Yes, I will."，
8、should have done表应该做而未做
must have done表对过去事实的肯定推测
could have done表本可以做某事
9、判断句：肯定句用must, 否定句用can't, 不太肯定用may, might
He must be in the office now.
He must have gone to bed, for the light is out.
He can't be in the office. He is at home.
He couldn't have cleaned the classroom, because he didn't come here today.
He might be in the office, I am not sure.
He might have cleaned the room, I suppose.
句子种类
I． 要点
句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句；按结构又分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
1、陈述句的否定
（1） 在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词是think, expect, believe, suppose, guess, fancy, imagine等，且主句主语是第一人称时，宾语从句谓语的否定习惯上要移到主句谓语上，如: I don't think he is right.
（2） 含有否定意义的副词never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, barely的句子应视为否定句，
如: I have never been there before.
2、反意疑问句
（1） need和dare 既可作情态动词，又可作实意动词，在反问部分须加以区别，
如We needn't leave, need we?
We don't need to leave, do we?
（2） 陈述部分出现否定意义的副词或代词如never, seldom, few, hardly, little等时，反问部分须用肯定形式如： He seldom comes, does he?
（3） 陈述部分用不定代词作主语时，反问部分的主语用it ，如：Nothing can stop me, can it?
陈述部分用everybody, everyone, somebody, someone，等作主语时，反问部分常用it，有时也用they，如:Everybody knows that, don't they?
（4） 陈述部分包括used to 时，反问部分可有两种形式，
如: You used to get up early, usedn't (didn't) you?
（5） 陈述部分是"there + be"结构时，反问部分用there，如:There's something wrong with you, isn't there?
（6） 陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，反问部分的主语和谓语应和主句保持一致，如: He never told others what he thought, did he?
但，如果是I think , I believe等 +宾语从句时，反问部分须和从句的动词保持一致，
如，I don't think he is right, is he?
I don't believe he does that, does he?
3、感叹句
用what或how,
What a beautiful park it is!
How beautiful a park it is!
How beautiful the park is!
How we worked!
4、祈使句
Take care!
Don't stand there.
Please open the door for the old lady.
II．例题
例1，Don't forget to post the letter, _______ ?
A. will you B. do you C. won't you D. shall you
解析：该题答案为A， 在否定句、祈使句后只用"will you"?，但肯定的祈使句后可用如，Wait for me, will (won't, can, can't, could) you?
例2，Let's go out for a walk, _______ ?
A. will you B. won't you C. shall we D. do we
解析：该题答案为C，let's…后加上shall we来表语气婉转、客气，而在let us后加上will you。
例3，He hardly writes to you, _______ ?
A. doesn't he B. does he C. do they D. has he
解析：该题答案为B，hardly否定副词，反问部分要用肯定形式。
各种从句
I．要点
根据从句在句中的句法功能，从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1、 名词性从句
（1） 主语从句
What he wants is a piece of paper.
It is believed that he can solve the problem.
注：主语从句的谓语动词用单数。
（2）宾语从句
I don't know how to solve the problem.
Do you know where he lives?
（3）表语从句
The problem is who can help me.
This is why I came here.
（4）同位语从句
I have no idea where he went.
I heard the news that he would come.
同位语从句用that引导，常跟在fact, idea, news, promise, thought, message, hope, belief, doubt等词后，that在从句中不作任何成分。
2、定语从句
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句叫做定语从句，引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that, as,和关系副词when, where, why。
（1）that指物时一般可与which互换，但在下列情况下，要用that而不用which。
a. 先行词有all, everything等不定代词时，如，
Everything (that) he did is wrong.
b. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，如，
I'll read all the books (that) you lend me.
c. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，
This is the first letter (that) the boy has written.
d. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时，如
He is the very man (that) I'm looking for.
e. 只用which的情况
在介词后或在非限定性定语从句中
This is the book about which we have talked a lot.
The book, which he gave me yesterday, is very interesting.
f. where和when作关系副词
This is the room where I worked.
This is the room which I stayed in.
I remembered the day when we lived there.
I remembered the day that I spent there.
g. as和which
as 可以放于句首，而which 不可以
As you know, he is good at English.
three of them 和three of which
I have a lot of books, three of which are in Russian.
I have a lot of books and three of them are in Russian.
3、状语从句
在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为时间状语、地点状语、原因状语、目的状语、结果状语、条件状语、行为方式状语、比较状语、让步状语等多种。
II． 例题
例1、 _______ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when
解析：该题答案为B。whether可以和or连用，if不可以，此外if一般仅用于宾语从句。
例2、The way _______ these comrades look at problems is wrong.
A. where B. in that C.X D. with which
解析：该题答案为C，先行词是way，定语从句中用that或 in which来引导或不填。
例3， ____a long time since I saw you last time.
A．It was B. It is C. It had been D. It can be
解析：该题答案为B，It is +时间数+ since引导的从句是一个句型，意为"从…时候以来过了多久了。"
主谓一致
I． 要点
谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致，主谓一致包括语法一致、意义上一致和就近一致。 1、语法上一致
（1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数，主语为复数时，谓语用复数，如， To work hard is necessary for a student.
（2）用and或both……and连接的并列主语，谓语动词用复数，
如， Both he and I are right.
但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数，
如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
（3）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with,
together with, like等，谓语动词仍用单数，
如，The teacher as well as his students is excited.
（4）某些不定代词，如做主语，谓语动词要用单数，如:Everyone has a book.
（5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，
如，A lot of people are dancing outside.
2、意义上一致
（1）、表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，
如，Twenty years is not a long time.
（2）、表示总称意义的名词public, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词用复数，如，
People are talking about the accident.
（3）、有些集合名词，如family, team等作主语，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如指其中每个成员，则用复数，如，
My family is a big one.
My family are watching TV.
3、邻近一致
用连词or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致，如，
Either you or I am mad.
II．例题
例1、 The chemical works _______ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.
A. was built B. were built C. is built D. are built
解析：该题答案为A。works形式上是复数，意思上是单数，因此谓语动词用单数，类似的还有news, maths, politics, physics.
例2、They each _______ a copy of the new physics.
A. have B. has C. having D. gets
解析：该题答案为A。They each不等于each of …, each of 这个词组作主语谓语用单数如each of the students hands in their homework，而they each作主语，谓语要随each前面的词来变化。
倒装
I．要点
按"主语+谓语"这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序，如果变为"谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语"，就是倒装语序。
1、全部倒装
（1）there be 句型
There is going to be a meeting.
There is a book on the table.
（2）here, there, now, then, in, out等副词置于句首时，主谓倒装，但如果主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不倒装，如，
Here comes the bus.
Here he comes.
（3）直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时，有时也用倒装，
如，"What he said meant nothing", said the teacher.
（4）为保持句子平衡，强调表语或状语，使上下文紧密衔接时须完全倒装，
如，In front of the house sat a small boy.
2、部分倒装
（1）so, neither, nor置于句首说明与前者情况一致时，如，
I like swimming, so does my brother.
（2）only +状语放在句首，如，
Only through this method can we win.
Only in this way can we do the work well.
（3）含有否定意义的词置于句首，如，Hardly, scarcely, not, seldom, no sooner, never, little, at no time, in no way, no more等，
如，Never had I heard that. Little did I know about this.
（4）以often, so +形容词或副词开头的句子，如，
So heavy is the box that he cannot carry it.
（5）用于省略if的虚拟条件句中，将had, were, should提前，如，
Were I you, I wouldn't do that.
Had he come, we would have won.
（6）用于某些表示祝愿的句中，如，
May you be happy for ever.
II．例题
例1、Not only ____ this machine but ____ it.
A. can he run……can he repair B. can he run……he can repair
C. he can run……he can repair D. he can run……can he repair
解析：该题答案为B，在not only……but (also)句型中，只有but前面的部分倒装，but后面仍是正常语序。
例2、____, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with laser（激光）.
A. Hard although the diamond B. Hard as the diamond is
C. As the diamond is hard D. Has hard is the diamond
解析：该题答案为B，在让步状语从句中，从属连词as可以表示though，但要用倒装语序。
例3、Only in this way ____ to improve the situation there.
A. can you hope B. you can hope C. hope can D. you hope
解析：该题答案为A，
省略
I．要点
有时为了避免重复，使语言简练紧凑，在不损害结构或引起误解的原则下，往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语。
１、 固定习惯用词。如：
No smoking! Thanks s lot!等。
2. 简单句中的省略
2009年高考英语分类阅读理解预测试题
Reading for
一、人物类
(1)
In October 1961 at Crowley Field in Cincinnati Ohio an old deaf gentleman named William E. Hoy stood up to throw the first ball of the World Series. Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired(退休) from professional baseball 58 years earlier in 1903. However he had been an outstanding player and the deaf people still talk about him and his years in baseball.
William E. Hoy was born in Houckstown
Hoy began playing professional baseball
in 1886 for
The arm signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began because of Hoy. The judge lifted his right arm to show that the pitch was a strike and his left arm to signal that it was a ball.
For many years people talked about Hoy’s
last ball game in 1903. He was playing for
After he retired Hoy stayed busy. He ran
a dairy farm near
1. In which order did the following things happen in Hoy’s life?
a. Hoy worked as a shoemaker.
b. Hoy began to run a diary farm.
c. Hoy played a memorable game in the heavy fog.
d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series.
e. Hoy became deaf.
A. d e a c b B. e a c b d C. d a e c b D. e a b c d
2. We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy _______ in his late years.
A. became famous B. led a relaxed life
C. traveled around the world D. was in good physical condition
3. This passage is mainly about _______.
A. a deaf player devoted to the game of baseball
B. baseball game rules and important players
C. the rise in the social position of the deaf people
D. where the baseball judge hand signals came from
4. What can be inferred from this passage?
A. Hoy was the greatest baseball player in his time.
B. Speaking and listening are not necessary in baseball games.
C. The judge had to study the hand signals very seriously.
D. Hoy’s family encouraged him to become a baseball player.
【答案解析】本文介绍了美国20世纪初最杰出的棒球选手Hoy不平凡的一生。
1. B。细节题。此题要求对事件发生的先后顺序进行排序。可用首尾定位法，即找到第一个发生的事件 (e. Hoy became deaf.)，再找到最后一个发生的事件 (d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series.)，故可排除A、C。再进行比较可知B最佳。
2. D。推断题。根据Until a few years before his death he took 4-10 mile walks several mornings a week.，可见在他生命的最后岁月里，他的身体状况很好。
3. A。主旨题。纵观全文可知。
4. A。推断题。根据he stole 82 bases…the Senators’ leading hitter…threw out three batters…managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. 等细节，可以判断Hoy是他那个时代最杰出的棒球选手。
(2)
The Man of Many Secrets ― Harry Houdini ―
was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theater this century. He
was a man famous for his escapes ― from prison cells, from wooden boxes
floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters
all over Europe and
Of course, his secret was not magic, or supernatural powers. It was simply strength. He had the ability to move his toes as well as he moved his fingers. He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.
Houdini started working in the
entertainment world when he was 17, in 1891. He and his brother Theo performed
card tricks in club in
It was the publicity(宣传) that came from this that started Harry Houdini’s success. Harry had fingers trained to escape from handcuffs and toes trained to escape ankle chins. But his biggest secret was how he unlocked the prison doors. Every time he went into the prison cell, Bess gave him a kiss for good luck ― and a small skeleton key, which is a key that fits many locks, pass quickly from her mouth to his.
Harry used these prison escapes to build his fame. He arranged to escape from the local prison of every town he visited. In the afternoon, the people of the town would read about it in their local newspapers, and in the evening every seat in the local theater would be full. What was the result? World-wild fame, and a name remembered today.
1. According to the passage, Houdini’s success in prison escapes depends on _______.
A. his special tricks and supernatural powers
B. his unusual ability and a skeleton key
C. his magic tricks and unhuman powers
D. his wisdom and magic tricks
2. In the fourth paragraph, the underlined word “this” refers to _______.
A. his first prison escape B. the year 1898
C. the publicity D. Harry Houdini’s success
3. It can be inferred from the passage that Houdini became famous _______.
A. in 1894 B. before he married
C. at the age of 17 D. when he was about 24
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Skeleton Key B. A Man of Many Secrets
C. World-wild Fame D. Great Escape
(1―4 BADD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了Harry Houdini特技成功的经历和方法。
1. B。细节题。根据第4段第2句：Harry把手、脚都训练得很灵活来摆脱手链脚铐及第4句后半部分：妻子通过接吻传给他万能钥匙，可推知此题答案为B。
2. A。单词理解题。根据语境，this指上文所表演的事情：第一次越狱成功。由此可推知此题答案为A。
3. D。推断题。第3段第1句：他步入娱乐圈时是1891年，17岁；倒数第2句：第一次成功是1898年，时隔七年，应是24岁，可推知此题答案为D
4. D。主旨题。由文章第1段第2句：He was a man famous for his escapes ― from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water，可知Harry 因逃脱出名，后面列举的例子谈的是他从监狱成功地逃出，所以答案为D。
(3)
On
News of this election appeared on the
front pages of newspapers everywhere in the
LOS ANGELES ELECTS BRADLEY MAYOR UNSEATING YORTYBLACK WINS 56% OF VOTES
Bradley called his victory over Yorty “the fulfillment (实现) of a dream”. During his childhood and youth, people had kept telling him, “You can’t do this, you can’t go there, because you are a Negro.” Nevertheless he had won a decisive victory over a man who had been won 43.7 percent.
At the time of the
In Los Angeles thousands of white
citizens voted for Thomas Bradley because they believed he would be a better
mayor than the white candidate(候选人). Bradley had spent
forty-eight of his fifty-five years in
1. In the author’s opinion, it was surprising that _______.
A. the whites would vote for a black mayor
B. a black mayor would be elected in such a large city
C. a black from a poor farmer’s family
could be elected mayor of
D. there would be so many black mayors
2. From the passage we can infer that people ________.
A. voted for Bradley because of his black color
B. didn’t care much about his color when they voted
C. voted for him to give a chance to fulfill his dream
D. voted for Bradley because they trust him
3. Bradley hit the front page headline for _______.
A. he was the first black mayor in history
B. he was the first black mayor in the
south of
C. he was the first black mayor of one of
the largest cities in
D. a poor farmer’s son could also win an important election
4. From Bradley’s victory in the election we can see that ________.
A. blacks had equal rights as whites in
the
B. black people’s situation began to be improving much more than before
C. one can be successful through hard
work in the
D. it is certain that someday the
(1―4 ADCB)
【答案与解析】本文报道了黑人在洛杉矶这样白人占绝大多数的大城市里被当选为市长这一新闻。
1. A。推断题。根据文章第1段最后一句：洛杉矶黑人的比例为16%以及倒数第2段所描述其他几个城市的黑人的比例(分别是36 %、55 %、60 %)可推此题答案为A。
2. D。细节题。根据文章最后一段第1句…because they believed he would be a better mayor than the white candidate可推知此题的答案为D。
3. C。细节题。根据倒数第2段第1句…three other American cities already had black mayors, but none of those cities had as large a population as Los Angeles可推知此题的答案为C。
4. B。推断题。运用排除法：选项A显然与原文内容不符；选项C和D文章没提及，况且此两项过于忽略美国的种族矛盾，不宜选；只有选项B原文内容较相符。
(4)
Jeanne Calment, a French woman, became a record breaker on 17 October of 1995, when at the age of 120 years and 238 days, she became the longest-lived human being on record. A Japanese man died in 1986 at the age of 120 years and 237 days.
Jeanne Calment lives in a small old
people’s home in the south of
So what is the key to a long life? According to some doctors, diet, exercise and no smoking are the three important factors. Jeanne Calment has followed two of the tips(窍门). She has always eaten a healthy diet, and she used to do exercises every day until she broke her leg at the age of 115. However, until recently she drank two glassed of strong red wine a day, and she does smoke (now only a little). Besides, Jeanne Calment might have got very good genes(基因) from her parents. Her father lived to the age of 94 and her mother to 86.
A local lawyer bought her house when she was 80 under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death. It must have seemed a good move at the time, but so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house. Every year on her birthday Jeanne Calment sends him a card saying:
Sorry, I’m still alive!
1. How does Jeanne Calment feel about her old age?
A. She is miserable and unhappy.
B. She is cheerful and humorous.
C. She would like to live much longer.
D. She feels she is going to die very soon.
2. Jeanne Calment owes her good health and long life to _______.
A. smoking only a little every day
B. her giving up smoking and drinking
C. drinking two glasses of strong red wine every day
D. the good genes from her parents, a healthy diet and some exercises
3. Which of the following could best replace the word “move” in the fourth paragraph?
A. deal B. trick C. march D. sport
4. Why does Jeanne Calment say “Sorry, I’m still alive” to the local lawyer every year on her birthday?
A. Because she had an agreement at 80 with the lawyer which was to her advantage.
B. Because she has asked the lawyer to pay her more rent than they first agreed.
C. Because the lawyer has paid her much more money than the value of the house.
D. Because the house she sold to the lawyer isn’t worth the money he has already paid.
(1―4 BDAC)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了世界上寿命最长的法
1. B。细节题。根据文章内容及第2段第3句 She still has a lively sense of humor 可推知此题答案为 B。
2. D。细节题。根据文章第 3 段第4句 She has always eaten a healthy diet… 及倒数第 2 句 Jeanne Calment might have got very good genes (基因) from her parents 可推知此题答案为 D。
3. A。词义猜测题。根据此单词所在句子的前面部分 A local lawyer bought her house… under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death 可推知此题答案为 A。
4. C。推断题。文章倒数第 2 段第 1 句说 …so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house，而老太太本人也感到不好意思，据此可推知答案为 C。
(4)
Jonathan James looks like just another kid about to graduate from high school. But this 19-year-old Swede is anything but ordinary, from the computer in his parents’ home he helps the US Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) find out the world’s most wanted cyber criminals(网络犯罪分子).
Jonathan first
made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker
of the “Melissa” virus(病毒) in March
1999. He came to the aid of the FBI again on May 7, finding out the suspected(嫌疑的) sender of the dangerous “I LOVE YOU” virus. The suspect was caught
in
Jonathan’s special skills are in hot demand as officials around the world express alarm at the “virtual” crimewave. In between studying for final exams, hanging out with friends and refereeing his younger brother’s football matches, the quiet, gentle teenager also gives lessons on e-security(电子安全) to large companies. He reads a lot and exchanges information with other computer experts to know much about the latest tricks of the hacker (黑客) trade.
Many companies
have already tried to employ him, but he is not interested at the moment.
Instead, he plans to begin law school in the autumn at
Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he’s just “a regular kid”. “Jonathan is a great kid, he has his friends and he does a lot more than just play with the computer,” his little sister Tessa said, adding that he helps the FBI because “he likes to help”, not because he’s looking for fame and recognition.
When the world was hit by the “Love Bug” virus, Jonathan was too busy preparing a speech on e-security to look into the problem. “Finally on May 7, I had some free time, so I began looking.” Within a few hours, he had found the suspect and e-mailed his method and results to the FBI. He said his work on the “Melissa” virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly.
“This time I knew exactly where to start, I knew what to disregard and what to look at.”
1. The passage mainly wants to tell us that______.
A. Swedish kid helps FBI find out the most wanted cyber criminals
B. Jonathan is really a quiet, gentle and ordinary boy
C. many companies want the young computer expert to join in
D. any cyber criminals will surely be found out wherever they are
2. The public started to know something about Jonathan just from____.
A. his helping the US FBI to find out the sender of the dangerous “I LOVE YOU” virus
B. his work together with Fredrik Bjoerck to find out the maker of the “Melissa” virus
C. his little sister’s talk about his good qualities as a regular kid and a good programmer
D. his speech on e-security to many computer companies after his fight against hackers
3. From Jonathan’s success in finding out the sender of the dangerous ‘Love Bug” virus we can infer that ___.
A. where there’s a will, there’s a way B. experience is knowledge
C. hard work leads to success D. failure is the mother of success
4. What do we know about Jonathan?
A. He is a good fame hunter with various abilities.
B. He is such a brave fighter that any criminal will feel afraid.
C. He is an expert on security, not interested in running a company.
D. He is a regular kid but does something unusual.
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了19个瑞典男孩 Jonathan 凭借自己出色的电脑技术帮助美国联邦调查局寻找网络犯罪分子。
1. A。主旨题。根据 …he helps the US Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) find out the world’s most wanted cyber criminals 可确定答案。
2. B。细节题。根据 Jonathan first made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker of the “Melissa” virus(病毒) in March 1999 可推测出答案。
3. B。推断题。根据 He said his work on the “Melissa” virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly 可以看出，以前积累的经验对他以后的工作大有帮助，故 B 最佳。
4. D。细节题。根据 Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he’s just “a regular kid” 可以看出来，Jonathan 是一个正常的孩子，但他却做出了一些不寻常的事情。
二、故事类
(1)
Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route―through the boot(行李箱).
Mr. Johnson’s car had finished up in a
ditch(沟渠) at Romney Marsin,
Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of
Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up.”
His hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.
1. What is the best title for this newspaper article?
A. The Story of Mr. Johnson, A Sweet Salesman
B. Car Boot Can Serve As The
C. Driver Escapes Through Car Boot
D. The Driver Survived A Terrible Car Accident
2. Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr. Johnson?
A. The hammer. B. The coin.
C. The screw. D. The horn.
3. Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. Mr. Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down.
B. Mr. Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam.
C. Mr. Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road.
D. Mr. Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat.
4. “Finally it gave” (Paragraph 5) means that _______.
A. Luckily the door was torn away in the end
B. At last the wrench went broken
C. The lock came open after all his efforts
D. The chance was lost at the last minute
5. It may be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. the ditch was along a quiet country road
B. the accident happened on a clear warm day
C. the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch
D. Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended
【答案与解析】本文记述了Mr. Johnson由于车祸被困于水下车内半个小时，最后死里逃生的故事。
1. C。主旨题。根据第1段 Mr. Peter Johnson…escape from his trapped car…through the boot 可归纳出文章的标题为答案C。
2. B。细节题。根据第4段 Mr. Johnson 所说的话及他后面所做的事情可推知此题答案为B。
3. C。细节题。根据第2段第一句…skidding on ice and hitting a bank 可推知答案为C。
4. C。词句理解题。根据其上文 …work on the boot lock 及下文 but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in 可推知此题答案为C。
5. A。推断题。根据第4段最后一句 but no help came 及最后一段的第一句 Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby 可推知地点是在寂静的农村，此题答案为A。
(2)
The most frightening words in the English
language are, “Our computer is down.” You hear it more and more when you are on
business. The other day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to
“If your computer is down, just write me out a ticket.”
“I can’t write you out a ticket. The computer is the only one allowed to do so.”
I looked down on the computer and every passenger was just standing there drinking coffee and staring at the black screen. Then I asked her, “What do all you people do?”
“We give the computer the information about your trip, and then it tells us whether you can fly with us or not.”
“So when it goes down, you go down with it.”
“That’s good, sir.”
“How long will the computer be down?” I wanted to know.
“I have no idea. Sometimes it’s down for 10 minutes, sometimes for two hours. There’s no way we can find out without asking the computer, and since it’s down it won’t answer us.”
After the girl told me they had no backup(备用) computer, I said. “Let’s forget the computer. What about your planes? They’re still flying, aren’t they?”
“I couldn’t tell without asking the computer.”
“Maybe I could just go to the gate and
ask the pilot if he’s flying to
“I wouldn’t know what gate to send you
to. Even if the pilot was going to
“Is there any other airline flying to
“I wouldn’t know, ” she said, pointing at the dark screen. “Only ‘IT’ knows. ‘It’ can’t tell me.”
By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The word soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went white, some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage.
1. The best title for the article is _______.
A. When the Computer Is Down B. The Most Frightening Words
C. The Computer of the Airport D. Asking the Computer
2. What could the girl in the ticket office do for the passengers without asking the computer?
A. She could sell a ticket.
B. She could write out a ticket.
C. She could answer the passengers’ questions.
D. She could do nothing.
3. Why do you think they had not a backup computer?
A. Because it was easy down.
B. Because it was very expensive.
C. Because it was not advanced enough.
D. Because it was not as big as the main computer.
4. The last paragraph suggests that _______.
A. a modern computer won’t be down.
B. computers can take the place of humans
C. sometimes a computer may bring suffering to people
D. there will be great changes in computers
(1―4 ADBC)
【答案与解析】本文记述了作者在机场遭遇电脑系统死机所带来的后果及人们对此的反应。
1.A。主旨题。根据文章第1句中的Our computer is down及后面的文章内容，可推知此题答案为A。
2.D。细节题。根据文章中的对话：售票员不能卖机票，回答不出旅客提出的问题等等，可推知此题答案为D。
3.B。主观题。根据各选项的比较及生活经验对之进行判断，得出此题的答案为B。
4.C。推断题。根据文章最后一段的描述：电脑死机，旅客们感到恐惧、忧郁、不安，从而可推知此题答案为C。
(3)
We spent a day in the country, picking wild flowers. With the car full of flowers we were going home. On our way back my wife noticed a cupboard (柜厨) outside a furniture shop. It was tall and narrow. “Buy it, ” my wife said at once. “We’ll carry it home on the roof rack. I’ve always wanted one like that.”
What could I do? Ten minutes later I was ￡20 poorer; and the cupboard was tied on the roof rack. It was six feet long and eighteen inches square, quite heavy too.
In the gathering darkness I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed unusually polite that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea.
After a time my wife said, “There’s a long line of cars behind. Why don’t they overtake, I wonder?” In fact a police car did overtake. The two officers inside looked at us seriously as they passed. But then, with great kindness, they led us through the rush-hour traffic. The police car stopped at our village church. One of the officers came to me.
“Right, sir, ” he said. “Do you need any more help?”
I was a bit puzzled. “Thanks, officer, ” I said. “You have been very kind. I live just on the road.”
He was staring at our car, first at the flowers, then at the cupboard. “Well, well, ” he said, laughing. “It’s a cupboard you’ve got there! We thought it was something else.”
My wife began to laugh. The truth hit me like a stone between the eyes. I smiled at the officer. “Yes, it’s a cupboard, but thanks again.” I drove home as fast as I could.
1. In fact the husband _______ the cupboard.
A. would like very much to buy B. badly wanted
C. was glad to have bought D. would rather not buy
2. Other drivers thought they were _______.
A. carrying a cupboard to the church
B. sending flowers to the church
C. carrying nothing but a piece of furniture
D. going to attend a funeral(葬礼) at the church
3. The police will be more polite to those who are _______.
A. driving in gathering darkness B. in great sorrow (悲痛)
C. driving with wild flowers in the car D. carrying furniture
4. What did the husband think of this matter?
A. It was very strange. B. He felt ashamed of it.
C. He took great pride in it. D. He was puzzled at it.
(1―4 DDBB)
【答案与解析】作者在采花回家的路上，妻子又买了一个柜子装在车上，其他的司机及警察都以为他们是去给人送葬，所以纷纷给其让路。
1. D。推断题。根据文章第2段作者对买柜子的想法：要花钱、又长又笨重，从而推断出作者心里不愿意，由此可知答案为D。
2. D。推断题。根据第4段倒数第2句：警察的车停在教堂及第7段警察看车的情形：看了花草又看柜子，说：我们以为是别的什么东西。可推断出此题答案为D。
3. B。推断题。根据文章中对警察关心作者的描述及警察对作者车上东西的看法可推断出警察以为作者去参加葬礼，所以对作者特别关心，由此可知答案为B。
4. B。推断题。根据文章最后一段的描述：好像一块石头击中了我的眉心，于是我尽快地把车开回家，可看出作者对此很羞愧，从而推断出此题答案为B。
(8)
My father was
a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras,
It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. I’ve never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didn’t want to work.
I was only
six years old, but I was doing a man’s job. Our family needed every dollar we
could make because my father never earned more than $
When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed, so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never missed one. Some nights I would lie in bed and dreamt of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.
The more I dreamed, the more I thought. Why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb(番石榴树枝) and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity. I learned working in the field ― except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.
1. The writer’s first job was _______.
A. to stand down the fairway at a golf course
B. to watch over the sugar-cane plantation
C. to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields
D. to spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them
2. The word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _______.
A. difficult B. boring C. interesting D. unusual
3. The writer learned that_______ from his first job.
A. he should work for those who he liked most
B. he should work longer than what he was expected
C. he should never fail to say hello to his owner
D. he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for
4. _______ gave the writer self-esteem.
A. Having a family of eight people
B. Owning his own golf course
C. Bringing money back home to help the family
D. Helping his father with the work on the plantation
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. He wanted to be a successful golfer.
B. He wanted to run a golf course near his house.
C. He was satisfied with the job he got on a plantation.
D. He wanted to make money by guiding oxen with a broomstick.
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍作者小时候的工作经历：6岁时在一家甘蔗种植园耕地，7岁时在离家不远的一家高尔夫球场找到看球。
1. C。语义理解题。第 1 段第 2 句话My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields 和题干几乎完全相同。
2. B。词义猜测题。从第 2 段第 2 句话中的I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could 可以推知 tedious 的正确词义。
3. D。语义理解题。看到文章第 2 段第 4 句话 I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for，答案不言自明。
4. C。语义理解题。从文章第 3 段最后两句话 Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem (自尊心)… 不难肯定答案为C。
5. A。判断题。从最后一段内容不难看出他想当一名高尔夫球员的迫切之心。
(4)
At the time, I would go out in the evening with my parents. But this time I had borrowed a bicycle from a friend of mine. I didn’t know why, but once I was on my own bicycle, a kind of free feeling flooded through me. The faster I rode, the faster I wanted to go! Far ahead, I rode as if my life depended on it, head down, hands grasping the handbars. I meant to get to Jinghai Bar as fast as I could...
Oh! My hands! Don’t come any closer... Don’t touch me! That poor doctor just couldn’t get my gloves off. Each time he took a step towards me, I broke into painful shouting. Much later, I discovered that I had crashed(碰撞) heavily with another bicycle, and I hadn’t spoken one word of sense for at least three hours! After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as white as a sheet, and gave me a hug(拥抱), only then did the doctor begin to stitch(缝合) my head wound, not only did he merrily cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic(麻药) either! Later. I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right hand was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?
1. On her way to Jinghai, the writer felt _______.
A. nervous B. comfortable C. light-hearted D. upset
2. Why did the writer ride a bicycle to Jinghai Bar that evening?
A. Because she wanted to attend a party on time.
B. Because she wanted to meet her friend who was waiting for her there.
C. Because she just wanted, to join some of her friends and drink some wine.
D. We are not quite sure about what she was really going there for.
3. What did the writer think of the doctor?
A. Friendly. B. Cruel. C. Hardworking. D. Kind.
4. One thing is sure, that is, before she was wounded she _______.
A. often went to Jinghai Bar with her friends
B. liked playing the piano
C. didn’t like any doctors at all
D. would burst into tears when she was in trouble
(1―4 CDBB)
【答案与解析】本文述说了作者骑车遇险的经历。
1. C。推断题。根据第1段后面几句话的描述可推知此题的答案为C。
2. D。推断题。文章未说作者去Jinghai Bar的原因，因此，我们也就无法知道，因此此题答案为D。
3. B。推断题。根据文章中的 …not only did he merrily cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic either 可知，作者认为这医生很残忍，因此选B。
4. B。细节题。根据文章最后一句可知：她喜欢弹钢琴。从而可推知此题答案为B。
(5)
Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday-makers and other tourists.
Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the town’s newspaper. The Beldon Post:
FIRE AT SEABREEZE
Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors： “Please don’t smoke cigarettes in bed.” This was Beldon’s first hotel fire for five years.
The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one：
ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE
Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday-maker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.” We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.
What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel.
Now what do you think of the rest of the “news” ?
1. Which of the following best gives the main idea of this text?
A. Beldon and Canfield are both good places for tourists in summer.
B. A fire broke out night in Seabreeze Hotel last summer.
C. It was not easy to find out exact truth from newspapers.
D. Two newspapers gave reports on the same matter.
2. Which of the following are probably facts?
a. The fire broke out in a bedroom at the hotel.
b. A cigarette started the fire.
c. An old lamp started the fire.
d. The fire broke out at night.
e. There has never been a fire in Canfield.
A. b and c B. a and d C. c and e D. a and c
3. The Canfield Times used the headline like this in order to make its readers think _______.
A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire
B. hotels in Beldon don’t often catch fire
C. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel
D. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe
4. The Canfield newspaper gave a report just the opposite to the Beldon Post by saying that _______.
A. the bedroom lamps were very old at the Seabreeze Hotel
B. the bedroom lights made funny noise when the fire took place
C. the firemen failed to save clothing, bedclothes and other things
D. such accidents never happened in Canfield for the past 5 years
【答案与解析】本文通过讲述两个对手城市的报纸对同一件火灾事故的不同报道，对新闻报道的真实性提出了质疑。
1. C。主旨题。从主题句It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident.可得出答案。
2. B。细节题。根据There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August及两张报纸都报道了火灾是在晚上发生的，故可以确定的事实只有两项a和 d。而其他选项都只是两份报纸的片面之辞，到度是真是假，我们无法得知，因此答案为B。
3. A。推断题。ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE中ANOTHER是个关键词，它暗示了Beldon宾馆频繁发生的火灾。
4. C。细节题。The Canfield Times 报道说Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel.，而The Beldon Post则说消防队员及时把这场小火扑灭了，（没有造成损失），两者报道相反。可此题答案为C。
(6)
Jack used to curse(咒骂) the front yard as if it were a living thing. He was the man who lived
with my grandmother for thirty years. He was not my grandfather, but an Italian
who came down the road one day, selling fruit in
Jack stopped at my
grandmother’s house to sell her some oranges just a stone’s throw from downtown
Now the ground was so hard that it gave his car flat tires(轮胎) in the summer. The yard was always finding a nail to put in one of his tires or the car as always sinking out of sight in the winter when the rains came on. The lawn had belonged to my grandfather, who lived out the end of his life in an insane hospital. It had been his pride and joy and was said to be the place where his powers came.
1. It can be inferred that the real reason Jack had problems with the yard was that _______.
A. he didn’t like the lawn.
B. the author’s grandfather was against Jack working on the lawn
C. the lawn was full of living things
D. he himself did not take care of the lawn
2. We can learn from the passage that when the lawn belonged to the author’s grandfather, it had been _______.
A. beautiful B. worn out C. wasted D. full of nails
3. What do we know about Jack and the author’s grandfather?
A. They both hated the front lawn.
B. Jack was jealous of the author’s grandfather.
C. They sold fruit in
D. They came from
【答案与解析】Jack为什么曾经指桑骂槐，因为他嫉妒我祖父。我祖父曾把前花园弄得很漂亮。
1. D。判断题。从第2段最后一句话He refused to water it or take care of it in any way. 可以判断。
2. A。语义理解题。根据There had been a beautiful lawn(草坪) there when Jack came along, but he let it wander off into nothing 可知答案。
3. B。判断题。运用排除法：根据原文可知A、C、D三项明显不对。再看第1段第1句话的意思：Jack 过去常常咒骂前花园，就好像那花园是一个有生命的东西一样，可以看出Jack 不是在骂花园，而是指桑骂槐，所以选B。
(7)
When Johnson called again, the manager received him very politely. “That is a most remarkable oil you brought us, Mr Johnson,” he said. Johnson nodded his smooth, dark head. That was something he knew very well. “I’ve never seen anything like it,” the manager admitted. Johnson nodded again. “No?” he said politely. Then he added, “But I think you will, sir. A very great deal of it.” He appeared to think for a moment. “I think you will find it will be on sale seven, perhaps, eight years from now.” He smiled.
The manager thought that was uncertain. He said, “It is better than our fish oils. I admit that.” “So I am told, sir,” agreed Johnson.
“Have you any plans to produce it yourself, Mr Johnson?”
Johnson smiled again. “Would I be showing it to you if I had?”
“We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils,” said the manager.
“It would be expensive to do that, even if you could.” Johnson said gently. “Besides,” he added, “I am told that this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils. Cheaper than any vegetable oil, in fact.”
“Perhaps,” said the manager. “Well, I suppose you want to make an arrangement, Mr Johnson, Shall we discuss it?”
“Of course,” said Johnson. “There are two ways of dealing with a situation of this sort. The usual one is to prevent it altogether or at least to delay it as long as possible. That is, of course, the best way,” The manager nodded. He knew plenty about all that.
“But I am so sorry for you, because, you see, that is not possible this time.” The manager had his doubts, but all he said was an inquiring(asking), “Oh?”
“The other way,” continued Johnson, “is to produce yourself before the trouble starts.”
1. The manager thought of adding chemicals to the fish oil to make it ________.
A. cheaper than the new oil B. more quickly
C. more expensive D. as good as the new oil
2. Johnson’s new oil would be ________.
A. more expensive than fish oil, but better
B. less expensive, and better
C. less expensive, but not good
D. more expensive, and not so good
3. Johnson expressed his regret that the manager ________.
A. could not stop the new oil being made
B. would never know how to make it
C. had spent a lot of money on it
D. didn’t know enough about it
4. Johnson showed his new oil to the manager because he wanted ________.
A. to produce it himself B. to prevent it being produced
C. to be paid not to produce it D. the manager to produce it
(1―4 DBAD)
【答案与解析】本文描述了Johnson向经理推销他所研制的生产新品种的油的过程。
1. D。推断题。根据第2段经理所说的话 It is better than our fish oils 和第6段We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils可推知此题的答案为D。
2. B。推断题。根据Johnson与经理的对话，特别是从It is better than our fish oils和I am told that this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils 可推知此题答案为B。
试卷类型：A
广东省茂名市2009年第二次高考模拟考试
化 学 试 题
考生须知：1、本试卷分选择题和非选择题二部分，共计150分，考试时间为120分钟
2、选择题答题时，选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑
3、可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 N 14 O 16 S 32 Cl 35．5 Na 23 K 39 Fe 56 Cu 64
第一部分 选择题（共63分）
高考考纲词汇分类整理（动词）
accept 接受，承认，同意
（通常指主观上接受）
对比：receive 强调客观收到的动作，不一定接受。
achieve 达到；取得
（指通过努力而获得成功或达到某种目的）(n .)achievement
achieve one’s goal/aim
act 行动，做，做事，扮演
act/work/serve as 作为，充当，扮演
(n .)actor& actress ; activity& action
take action to do 采取行动
add 加，增加，接着说 add…to…
add to… 增加add up 加起来add up to总计
(n .)addition in addition 另外，此外
admire 钦佩，羡慕，赞美 (n .)admiration
admit 承认，接收，让……进入 (admitted)
admit doing sth. 承认做某事
be admitted into 被录取
advance推进，促进 in advance 提前，事先 （adj.）advanced高级的，高等的
advise 劝告，建议
advise doing /advise sb. to do
/advise that (虚拟语气)
对比:persuade劝服
afford 负担得起，提供
agree 同意,赞成 agree to do sth. 同意去做 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见
agree to sth. 同意某种意见、建议
agree on sth. 与某人达成一致意见
(n .)agreement
allow 准许，允许
allow sb. to do sth. / allow doing
announce宣布，宣告，通知（强调郑重其事预先通知） (n .) announcement
apologise 道歉
apologise to sb. for doing sth.
(n .)apology apologies(pl.)
appear出现，显得，好像 （反disappear）(n .)appearance 外表 外貌
argue争论，争辩
argue with sb. over/about sth.
(n .)argument 论点，论据
ask ask for / ask sb. for sth.
astonish 使…诧异 astonishment
attack v./n. be under ~ 遭到攻击
an air ~ 空袭
attempt n./v.努力；尝试
~ to do sth.= make an ~ to do sth.
in an ~ to do sth.努力/尝试去做......
attend v.出席；照顾 attendant n.服务员 ~ to sb./ sth. 照料；从事；处理
attract vt .吸引
attractive adj.有吸引力的；迷人的 attraction n.吸引（人的人或物）
be attractive to sb.吸引某人
be attracted to sth. 被......吸引
bake 烘烤
bargain v. 讨价还价
n. 讨价还价；便宜货 a real ~ 便宜货
base n. 基地；基础 vt.以......为基础
~ A on B A以B为基础/依据
be ~d on以......为基础
be am/is/are/was/were/being/been
bear vt.忍受；承受(bore/born-borne)
He can’t ~ being looked down upon.
He was born in Shanghai.
They have borne three children.
beat(beat,beat) v.打；击败
become/became/become link.v.系动词
beg v.乞讨；哀求 begging begged beggar n.乞丐 ~ sb. for sth.
go ~ging去乞讨
begin/began/begun v.
beginning beginner初学者
Well begun, half done.
良好的开端是成功的一半。
to ~ with首先=first of all
in the beginning at the beginning of
believe vt. belief n.信仰；信念
belong 属于
belong to 无被动无进行时态
bend/bent/bent v. 弄弯
~ over sth. 伏在......上面
be bent over......一心想/做
bite/bit/bit:bitten v.咬
Never bite off more than you can chew.
要量力而行
blame vt.责备
be to ~ (for doing sth.)因......而应受责备 ~ sb. for doing sth. 因......而责备
Don’t ~ the child for the broken glass. It was my fault.
I wonder who is to ~ for the broken glass.=I wonder who to ~ for the broken glass.
blow/blew/blown v.吹~ up爆炸 ~ sth. up把......炸毁 ~ ...away把吹走
boil v. boiling water在沸腾的水 boiled water沸水 boiling hot超热
borrow 借出
break/broke/broken v. ~ down出故障；破除 ~ up破坏；解散；开垦
~ into sp.闯入；侵占
~ the law/rule违反 ~ one’s promise食言 ~ away (of) 脱离
~ forth/out爆发 ~ off折断；突然中断
~ open撬开 ~ with与......断交
c.n.休息 take/have a ~
bring/brought/brought vt. ~ sb. up抚养 ~ sth. up呕吐;提出 bring sth. forward提出
broadcast/broadcast/broadcast vt.广播
~ sth. live现场直播 Cf. cast/cast/cast forecast/forecast/forecast
build/built/built vt.建造；建设 building n. ~ ...up建造 ~ A into B把A建成B
burn/burnt/burnt v. ~ sth. up烧光
~ sth. to the ground=~ sth down夷为平地 It’s ~ing hot.
burst vt.爆发；爆炸
~ sth. up =blow sth. up炸掉 ~ into tears/laughter/cheers
~ out crying/laughing/cheering ~ into...闯入
~ forth= ~ out= break forth= break out爆发
bury vt.埋葬 burial n.葬礼
~ sb. alive活埋
buy/bought/bought vt.
I won’t ~ your story.我才不信呢
call v./n. ~ for请求；要求；需要；呼吁 ~ at sp.参观 ~ on sb.访问 ~...off取消
~ out大声叫喊 ~ forth...唤起；鼓起（勇气等） call (on) sb. to do sth.号召
camp v.宿营 n.帐篷
go camping去宿营
can 能，能够 could
care v. ~ for...喜爱；关心；照管 ~ about...关心；顾虑
care n. take ~ of...照料；照看
take ~当心；保重 under the ~ of在...... with ~ =carefully小心地；慎重地 careless 粗心的
carry vt. ~ sth. in one’s arms抱着 ~ sth. on one’s back背着
~ sth. in one’s hands捧着
~ sth. in one’s hand拿着
~ sth. out实施；执行
~ ...away带走；冲昏...的头脑
~ sth. on继续下去
~ through坚持到底
catch/caught/caught vt.抓住
~ sb. = ~ up with sb.追上
catch sight of突然看到 ~ hold of突然抓住
~ (a ) cold得感冒
~ sb.’s attention/ eye吸引的注意力
~ sb. doing sth.
be caught in a rain遭遇风雨等
be caught in/between the trees卡在树中
celebrate v. 庆祝 celebration n. ~ one’s birthday/Christmas/Easter/New Year’s Day (=mark/observe/keep)
change v./n.变化
~/turn A into B 把A变成B
~ trains/planes/clothes换车、飞机、衣服
~ for the better/worse边得更好/坏
~ with...随着......而变化 ~ oneself=get ~d换衣服
Great ~s have taken place in China since the reform and opening up in 1979.
charge v.收费；控告；冲锋 ~ sm. sb. for sth. He ~d me $10 for the book.
~ sb. with (doing) sth.
He was ~d of sealing books from the newsstand.
n.主管；收费；控告；冲锋 in ~ of 主管 in the ~ of由......主管 free of ~免费的
chat 闲谈 chatting
clap v. n.拍（手）
climb 爬，攀爬
close
come (came, come) vi. 来，来到
compare vt. 比较，对照
complete v. 完成
connect vt. 连接，把……联系起来
consider vt. 考虑
contain v. 包含；包括；能容纳
continue vi. 继续
correct v. 改正；纠正 a. 正确的，对的；恰当的
cost (cost, cost) v. 值（多少钱）；花费
cure n. & vt. 治疗；医好 cure…of …
could ?modal v.?
（can的过去式）可以……；
（表示许可或请求）可以……，行
count vt. 数，点数
cut (cut, cut) v. n. 切，剪，削，割 伤口
damage n.& vt. 毁坏，损害
dare ?v.& aux.? （后接不带to的不定式；主要用于疑问，否定或条件句）敢，敢于
decide v. 决定；下决心
declare vt. 声明；断言
defeat vt. 击败；战胜
defend vt. 防守；保卫
delay v.& n. 拖延，延误，延迟，延期；耽搁
destroy vt. 破坏，毁坏
determine vt. 决定；决心
develop v. （使）发展；（使）发达；（使）发育；开发 vt. 冲洗（照片）
devote vt. 把……奉献； 把……专用（于）
deliver vt. 投递（信件，邮包等）
demand vt. 要求 ?
depend vi. 依靠，依赖，指望；取决于
describe vt. 描写，叙述
die vi. die of/from 死亡
（ died, died, dying ）
dig vt.(dug dug digging ) 挖掘
disappoint vt. 使失望disappointed/disappointing disappointment
discover vt. 发现
discuss vt. 讨论
disturb vt. 打扰
dive vi. 潜水
divide vt. divide into 划分
do (did done doing )
draw ( drew drawn )
dream vt. ( dreamed/dreamt, dreamed/dreamt ) dream of
drink vt. ( drank drunk )
drive vt. (drove driven )
drop vt. ( dropped dropped )
drown 溺水
earn vt. earn one’s living
eat vt. ( ate eaten )
employ vt. 雇佣 hire/take on employer/employee employment
op. fire/dismiss/lay off
encourage vt. encourage sb to do 鼓励 n. encouragement
enjoy vt. sth/doing sth
escape vi. from 逃跑
enter vt. 进入
envy vt. 羡慕，嫉妒
examine vt. 检查
excuse vt. 原谅 n. 借口
exist vi. 存在
expect to do/expect sb to do 期望
explain vt. sth to sb/to sb sth 解释
exploit vt. 开发
express vt. 表达
fail vi. 失败
fall ( fell fallen )
fasten vt. 拴，系
feed vt.( fed fed )
feel ( felt felt ) feel like doing
fetch vt. 取回
fight vi. ( fought fought )
fill ~ in 填写
find ( found found )
finish vi. sth/doing sth
fly ( flew flown )
float vi. 漂浮
fix vt. fix one’s attention on
flow vi. 流动
fold vt. 折叠
follow vt. 跟随 as follows
forbid vt. ( forbade forbidden )
forbid doing/sb to do 禁止
force vt. force sb to do 强迫
forget ( forgot forgotten ) to do/doing
forgive ( forgave forgiven ) forgive sb for sth 原谅，宽恕
found vt. 建立 founded/founded
freeze ( froze frozen ) 凝固，结冰
freezing cold 冰冷
frighten vt. 吓唬 adj. frightened/frightening
fry vt. 煎
gain vt. 获得
gather vt. 聚集 gathering 集会
get vt. (got got )
give----gave-----given
go----went-----went
grow----grew----grown
hang----hung----hung 悬挂
-----hanged-----hanged 吊死，绞死
have----had-----had
hear----heard-----heard
hide----hid----hidden/hid
hit----hit----hit
hold----held----held
hurt---hurt----hurt
keep---kept----kept
know---knew---known
lie---lay---lain (vi)平躺，位于
lie----lied----lied (vi)撒谎
lay----laid----laid (vt)放置，产卵
lead---led---led
learn---learnt/learned---learnt/learned
注意 a learned person
leave---left---left
lend---lent---lent
let----let----let
light---lit/lighted---lit/lighted
注意 a lighted cigarette
lose---lost---lost
make---made---made
mean---meant---meant
meet---met---met
mistake----mistook---mistaken
by mistake
make a mistake
mix mix A with B
mixture(ｎ) 混合物
miss miss the early bus
miss the target
merry merry Christmas 圣诞快乐
mention Don't mention it.不用谢，别客气
not to mention = let alone
= still/much/even less 更不用说
may------(过去式)might
marry----married----married
marry sb = get married to sb(不可以和时间段连用)
be married to sb(可以和时间段连用，表示状态 )
(ｎ) marriage 婚姻
manage
manage to do sth = succeed in doing sth 设法做到某事
try to do sth = attempt to do sth 设法做某事(未必成功)
I can manage it. 我能行； 我能对付
manager (ｎ) 经理，管理者
Management (n) 经营，管理
laugh burst into laughter 突然笑起来
burst out laughing 突然笑起来
laugh at 嘲笑
kill kill time 消磨时间
join join the army
join the Party
join in the game
invite invitation (n) 邀请
invent invention (n) 发明
inventor (n) 发明者
introduce 介绍 ，引进
introduce sb/oneself to sb
introduce sth into some place
An introduction to English Grammar 英语语法入门
interrupt 与disturb
interrupt 打断
disturb 打扰
insist
insist on (one`s) doing 坚持要求做某事
He insisted that he didn't break the law and insisted that he should be set free.
他坚持说他没有违法并坚持要求被释放
include 与 contain
include 包括，强调范围
contain 包含，强调内容或成分
The basket contains many apples , including some green ones / some green ones included.
increase
increase to 增长到。。。
increase by 增长了。。。
improve (vi /vt) 使改善/提高，改善/提高
He has improved his health.
His health has been improving.
imagine imagine sb /sb's doing sth
imagine sb to be......
beyond imagination 超出想像
hire 近义词 employ/ take on/engage 雇佣
反义词 fire/dismiss/lay off 解雇
hate hate to do sth / doing stb
I hate it when people are talking with their mouths full.
happen
happen to sb 某事发生在某人身上
It happens that ......碰巧。。。
Sb happens to do sth 某人碰巧做。。。
guess I guess so/ not.
You guessed it.
greet greet sb with a smile
greeting(n) 问候，问候语(pl) ( v/n )
Glance 一瞥，瞥见 (v) glance at
(n) take a glance at
at first glance
graduate (v) graduate from 毕业于。。。
(n) high school graduates 高中毕业生
guard 警卫，哨兵；保卫，守卫
guide (v) 引导，指导
guide ~sb around some place
(n) 向导，领路人；指南，入门 ； a guide to grammar
hand (v) hand in
hand out
（n）give/lend sb a hand
=do sb a favor帮某人一个忙
head (v) head for 朝。。。。行进
(n) hit sb on the head
heat (v) He will heat some milk. 加热
(n) The sun gives us heat and light. 热，热量
( adj ) heated 激烈的 heated discussion
help (v) help sb with sth /
~in doing sth / to do sth
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
can't help to do sth不能帮忙做某事
can't help but do sth不得不做某事
help oneself to sth随便吃。。。
(n) be of great help / very helpful to sb
with sb's help = with the help of sb
honour (v) feel honoured to do sth 因做某事而感到荣幸
(n) It is an honour to do sth 做某事是荣幸的一件事
In honour of为了向。。。。表达敬意，为了纪念。。。
hurry (v) Hurry up, or we'll be late.
(n) He left here in a hurry.
interest (v) This book interests me.
I am interested in this book.
This book is interesting.
(n) I show an interest in this book.. The guide showed us around many places of interest.
judge (v) Judging from his cloths, he must be very rich. 判断
(n) He is a fair judge. 法官，裁判
knock 敲门，敲门声 (v) Someone is knocking at the door.
(n) There is a knock at the door.
lack 缺乏，缺少，短缺
(v) lack sth
be lacking in sth
(n) (a) lack of
land （n） 陆地， (v) 着陆
lift (v) I can not lift the heavy box. 举起，抬起
(n) Take the lift to the 50th floor. 乘电梯
give sb a lift / ride让某人搭车
limit (n) 极限，界限，限度 There is a limit to my patience.
(v) 限制，限定 You should limit spending.
We should make full use of the limited time.有限的时间
list 清单；列举 He made a list on which he listed all the things he
wanted to buy.
load (n) 担子，负载 He bore a heavy load on his shoulders.
(v) 装，装载 They are loading a car with luggage.
lock The door won't lock, so he put a new lock on the door.
look Please take a look at what he is looking at now.
love fall / be in love with sb
mail mail a letter /send a letter by mail
march Time marches on. Our preparations for the college entrance
examination are on the march. 在进行中
mark The teacher was marking examination papers. LiLei got full marks.
matter (n) what's the matter with you ？
(v) It does't matter.
mind (v) Never mind.不要紧，没关系
(n) change one's mind 改变想法
make up one's mind to do sth 下决心做某事
keep / bear sth in mind 牢记。。。。
master (n) 主人；能手 (v) 掌握；精通
match (n) 火柴；比赛 (pl) matches
(v) 比得上，与....相匹敌； compare with
与....相匹配；go with
measure (n) 量度，测量； make.....to one's measure 量体裁衣
措施(pl) take measures/action/steps to do sth 采取措施做。。。
(v) 量, 测量； 有.....长(宽 ， 高 等)
This room measures 10 meters across.
like (v) 喜欢 like to do sth / doing sth
（prep） 像…..一样 look like
owe欠，归于 vt.―owe sth to sb 把…归功于某人/欠某人某物―own 拥有―owing to 由于
pack打包，装入 vt.---pack sth into sth--- n.= package =packet包裹
paint 漆，涂vt.―paint sth green-- 油画painting
pardon vt.―pardon sb for sth―pardon me---I beg your pardon.
pass vi./vt (A:passed―passed)/(B:past―past) n.―护照passport ---过路人passer(s)-by
---pass my house―pass the examination―pass the holiday―pass me the newspaper(pass the newspaper to me)―pass a law--pass by ―pass on―pass down
pause暂停 vi./n.(C)―without a pause
pay vi./vt.(paid―paid) ---sb pay sb sm for sth―pay a visit to sp―pay attention to ? pay back―pay off
perform 表演，进行vi./vt.―n. performance--performer
=carry out―perform one’s duty/ a task =play―perform a part in ----perform well
permit vt./vi. 允许 (permitted―permitted―permitting)
n. permission (ask for sb’s permission) permit许可证 ( a permit to hunt)
not permit the waste of a single drop of water―permit sb to do sth―permit doing sth
If time permits=Time permitting
persuade 说服vt. persuade sb to do sth―persuade sb into/out of doing sth―persuade sb of sth
plan vt. (planned―planned-planning) plan sth--plan to do sth―plan a visit to sp=plan to visit sp
n.plan-- make /work out /carry out a plan
play vi./vt. play football―play the piano―play cards―play an important part in―play a joke on
n. player 运动员
please vt. please sb―if you please( =if you like/=竟然)
adj. pleased―pleasing n. pleasure―It is a pleasure to do sth
plough犁vi./vt. n. plough犁
point vi./vt. point to ?point at―point out
n. (keep/come/get) to the point―beside the point―at this point 此刻
―in this point ?be on the point of doing sth
There is no point in doing sth.
post vt. post sb sth=post sth to sb n. post ---by post ? postcard 卡片―postbox邮箱―postcode邮编
pour vi./vt 倾泻，流 pour (sth) into
practise vi./vt. practise doing sth
n. practice --in practice 熟练/实际上―out of practice 生疏--put sth into practice --a regular pratice 常规做法
praise vi./vt. 表扬 praise sb. for sth. n. in praise of --sing high praise for--
prefer vt.( preferred―preferred―preferring)
n. preference have a preference for
prefer sth―prefer (doing)sth to (doing)sth ?prefer to do sth rather than do sth―prefer sb to do sth ---prefer that s. (should)do sth
prepare vi./vt. prepare sth ?prepare for sth--prepare sth for sth ?prepare sb for sth --be well prepared for
n. preparation
press vi./vt. n. pressure 压力
pretend vi./vt假装 pretend sth―pretend to be ---pretend that
prevent vi./vt prevent sth (disease /an accident)
prevent sb/sth (from) doing sth=keep sb/sth from doing sth=stop sb/sth (from) doing sth 被动结构中from都不省略
print v./n printing 印刷
produce v./n.生产 produce--product--production
promise v./n. promise to do sth―promise that―promise sb sth ---promise sth( A heavy snow promises a good harvest) make/keep/break a promise (of sth)
pronounce v. n. pronunciation
protect v. n. protection protect sth/sb from/against
prove v. 证明 n proof(s)
prove that ---prove (to be) sth/adj. = turn out (to be) sth/adj. (It proved a good idea./ It proved good)
provide v. n. provision
provide sb for sth =provide sb with sth = offer sb sth = offer sth to sb = supply sth to/for sb =supply sb with sth
pull v./n 拉，拽
punish v.惩罚 n. punishment punish sb for sth
push v./n 推
put v.( put-put ?putting )
put up/down/away/aside/back/on/forward/off/out/through/together/up with
quarrel v. 争吵(quarrel(l)ed -- quarrel(l)ed ?quarrel(l)ing )
quarrel with ab about/over sth
raise vt. raise one’s voice
reach vt./n. reach =arrive in/at=get to reach an agreement
out of /beyond one’s reach
read v . read-read Read aloud. It reads/says 上面写着“No parking is allowed.”
realize/realize 实现，意识到vt. n. reality realize one’s dream ?realize one’s mistake
receive vt. receive a letter=hear from sb receive an invitation --- accept an invitation
recognize/ze 认出vt. recognize sb /sb’s voice
recover v. 恢复 n.―recovery recover from ---suffer from
reduce v. reduce to /by increase to/by
refer v. referred―referred―referring n. reference
参考refer to a dictionary---提到refer to a person---涉及refer to personal life
refuse v. refuse sth/sb (反accept)---refuse to do sth (反agree)
regard v. regard as = look on as = treat as = consider as =have as= think of as
regret v./n 后悔( regretted―regretted―regretting)
regret sth--- regret doing sth后悔---regret to do sth (to say--)抱歉，遗憾
remain v. remain poor/silent/standing/unfinished remain to do ( to be seen)
n. remains 剩下的东西 adj. the remaining money --- the money left
remember v. remember to do sth ?remember doing sth ---remember sb to sb
remind v. remind sb---remind sb of sth ?remind sb to do sth---remind sb that
remove 搬走 v. remove from
repair v. /n. repair sth under repair
repeat v. 重复
reply v/n. reply to in reply to make no reply
request v/n request sth from / of sb---request sb to do sth ---request that s. (should) do n.-- request for
require v. n.―requirement
require sth ---require sth of sb---require sb to do sth―require that s. (should) do―sth requires doing = want=need
research v./n. research on/ into
respect尊敬 v./n. respect sb for sth --- have / show respect for ---in respect of ?with respect to
adj. respectful表示尊敬的---respectable值得尊敬的
review v. 复习 n.---revision
ride (rode, ridden) v. /n. go for a ride ?give sb a ride n.―rider
ring (rang ,rung) vi.
rise (rose, risen) vi.
roll v. roll in涌来 ---roll over翻身 ―roll up 卷起
ruin v./n in ruins 成为废墟
rule v./n. n.―ruler
ran (ran, run)
rush v./n. rush hour 交通高峰期
sail v. sail for sp --- go sailing n. sailor
satisfy vt.使满意 satisfy sb with sth --satisfy sb’s need ?be satisfied with
adj. satisfied―satisfying
n. satisfaction
save v. save sb’slife --- save water―save sb. sm.―save face save up 积蓄
say v. (said, said) say sth―say sth. to sb―say to oneself―say hello/sorry to sb
It is/was said that= be said to do ? that is to say -- you said it 你说对了?having said that 虽然说过
There goes a saying,/ As a saying goes,
scold v. scold sb for sth
scream v./n.
search v./n. search sp/sb for sth ?search for sth in search of
seat vt. 使坐 seat oneself be seated
see v. (saw , seen)
see sb do/doing sth --see a movie/play/film―see( to it )that确保/负责 ?see sb off―see through看穿?see sb/sth through帮某人度过难关--I see. /You see,你知道--See you later( tomorrow).
seek v. 寻求(sought,sought) seek (for ) sth. --seek to do sth
seek one’s fortune
seem v. seem adj./ n.(The idea seems good.=It seems a good idea.)―seem like(It seems a good idea.) ? It seems that --- It seems as if ---
seize v. 抓住 seize sb’s hand=seize sb by the hand --- seize a chance/ opportunity
sell v.(sold,--) sell sth ? sell sth to sb=sell sb sth―sell well/ badly
sell off―sell out
send v.(sent, sent) send a letter ?send sb to sp―send sb to do sth --
send one’s love/regards/wishes to sb
send up―send for sb
sentence v/n. sentence sb to death/ three years ?make sentences
separate v. /adj. separate from / a separate room
serve v. 服务 serve sb with sth--- serve as n. ?service
set v.(set,set, setting)
set fire to sth=set sth on fire―set the table―set one’s mind /heart/ on sth―set an example to sb ?set sb free-----set about doing sth=set out to do sth---set aside---set off---set up---set down
settle v. settle sth―settle down ?settle down to sth 开始认真做某事
n. settlement
sew v. (sewed,sewed/sewn) 缝
shake v.(shook,shaken)
share v. /n. share sth with sb
shave v.(shaved,shaved/shaven) n. shaver 剃须刀
shine v. (shone, shone) 发光
shock v. shocking, shocked ?be shocked to see/hear/learn come as a shock
shoot v.(shot, shot) shoot at n.芽
shout v. shout at ?shout to
show v.(showed, shown /showed)
show sb sth=show sth to sb―show sb around sp―show off―show up=turn up
n. be on show
shut v.(shut, shut, shutting) shut up =shut your mouth=shut it闭嘴
sigh v./n. 叹息
sing v.(sang,sung)
sink v.(sank,sunk)
sit v.(sat,sat) sit up =stay up 熬夜
skate v. go skating
sleep v. (slept,-) sleep well/ soundly―sleep late ?sleep like a log/top睡的熟
n. go/get to sleep--- a sound sleep
adj. sleepy困的 asleep睡着的---fall asleep ---be sound asleep 熟睡
smell v.(smelt, smelt / smelled, smelled) smell nice---smell like―
smell vi.发出臭味的 His breath smells. 他有口臭。smelly adj. 臭的
smile v./n. smile at sb with a smile
smoke v./n.
snow v./n adj. snowy sun―sunny fog―foggy
wind―windy cloud ?cloudy storm―stormy rain―rainy
sound v. sound like---sound good---sound as if safe and sound
be sound as a bell十分健康 It sounds a good idea.
n. 声音
sow播种―sowed,sowed/sown
spare v. 节约，省出spare sb sth---spare sb trouble使某人免受麻烦---spare no efforts to do sth―
a spare pen---in one’s spare/free time
scold vt. 责骂
score v. 得分，分数
search v. 搜寻，搜查
see (saw, seen) vt. 看见，看到；领会；拜会
seek vt. 试图； 探寻
seem v. 似乎，好像
seize vt. 抓住(时机等)
select vt. 选择，挑选，选拔
sell (sold, sold) v. 卖，售
send (sent, sent) v. 打发，派遣；送，邮寄
sense n. 感觉，意识
separate v. 使分开，使分离a. 单独的，分开的
serve vt. 招待（顾客等），服务
set (set, set) vt. 释放，安置
settle vi. 安家，定居
shake (shook, shak? en) v. （使）动摇，震动
shall (should) v. aux. （表示将来）将要，会；……好吗
share vt. 分享，共同使用
sharpen v. （使）变锐利，削尖
shave (shaved, shaved 或 shaven) v. 刮（脸，胡子）
shine (shone, shone 或 ?d, ?d) v. 发光；照耀；杰出；擦亮
shock vt. 使震惊
shoot1 (shot, shot) vt. 射击，射中，发射
shop vi. 买东西 n. 商店，车间
should v. mod. 应当，应该，会 v. aux. 会，应该（shall的过去时态）
show (showed, shown 或 showed) v. 给……看，出示，显示
shut (shut, shut) v. n. 关上，封闭；禁闭；
sigh vi. 叹息； 叹气
sing (sang, sung) v. 唱，唱歌
sink (sank, sunk) vi. 下沉； 消沉
skate vi. 溜冰，滑冰
ski vi. 滑雪板；滑雪
skip v. 蹦蹦跳跳；跳绳
sleep (slept, slept) vi. 睡觉
smell (smelt, smelt 或 ?ed,?ed) v. 嗅，闻到；发气味
snatch v. 夺，夺得，夺走
sneeze v. 打喷嚏
sort vt. 把……分类，拣选 n. 种类，类别
sound vi. 听起来；发出声音n. 声音
spell vt. 拼写
spend (spent, spent) v. 度过；花费（钱、时间等）
spit v. 吐唾沫；吐痰
split v. 撕开； 切开
spread v. 延伸； 展开
stand (stood, stood) v. 站；立；起立；坐落；经受；持久
stare vi. 盯，凝视
start v. 开始，着手；出发
starve v. 饿死
steal (stole, stolen) vt. 偷, 窃取
stop v. 停，停止，阻止
strengthen vt. 加强，增强
strike v. （钟）鸣；敲（响）；罢工
strike (struck, ? struck 或stricken)? vt. 擦（打）火, 侵袭
struggle vi. 斗争
study v. 学习；研究 n. 书房
succeed vi. 成功
suck vt. 吸吮
suffer vi. 受苦，遭受
suggest vt. 建议，提议
suit vt. 适合 n. 一套（衣服）
supply vt.& n. 供给，供应
support vt.& n. 支持，赞助
suppose vt. 猜想，假定，料想
surprise vt. 使惊奇，使诧异 n. 惊奇，诧异
surround vt. 围绕； 包围
swallow vt. 吞下； 咽下 ?
sweep(swept,swept)? v. 扫除，扫
swim (swam, swum) vi. 游泳，游
swing vt. 挥舞，摆动 n. 秋千
take (took, taken) vt. 拿；拿走；做；服用；乘坐；花费
teach(taught,taught)? v. 教书，教
telegraph v. (拍) 电报
telephone v. 打电话 n. 电话
tell (told, told) vt. 告诉；讲述；吩咐
terrify vt. 使人感到恐怖
test vt.& n. 测试, 考查，试验
thank vt. 感谢，致谢，道谢 n. （复）感谢，谢意
think(thought, thought) v. 想；认为；考虑 ?
throw(threw,thrown)? v. 投，掷，扔
tick vt. 作记号
tie vt. （用绳，线）系，拴，扎 n. 领带，绳子，结；关系
tire vi. 使疲劳
touch vt. 触摸，接触
trade vt. 用……进行交换
translate vt. 翻译
transport ?vt.?运输
trap vt. 使陷入困境
treat vt. 对待，看待
tremble v. 颤抖
trouble vt. 使苦恼，使忧虑，使麻烦 n. 问题，疾病，烦恼，麻烦
trust vt. 相信，信任，信赖
try v. 试，试图，努力
turn v. 旋转，翻转，转变，转弯 n. 轮流，（轮流的）顺序
type vt. 打字
understand (understood, understood) v. 懂得；明白；理解
undo v. 解开，松开
unfold vt. 展开，打开
unite v. 联合，团结
visit vt. 参观，访问，拜访
vote vi. 选举，投票
2009年安庆九中高三理科数学（五）
2009 高考英语总复习之
-----写作
袁丽莉
Teaching aims:
1. 使学生熟悉高考改错新题型，并规范改错格式。
2. 启发学生思维，使学生在写作时能有话可写，尽快适应越来越来开放的作文题型。
Teaching important and difficult points:
如何扩展学生思维，积极参与讨论
Teaching procedures:
Step 1
let students correct some common mistakes in the writing and present the kinds of mistakes.
一 、句子结构
1.However, other students against the idea.
2.I am not be a student who is crazy about music.
3.There have many reasons for that.
Tips: “句子结构不对,一处扣2分”.
二 、动词
1.DuJiangyan Irrigation Project, which is built
2000 years ago, are still working now.
Tips: “时态语态误用为大错,一处扣2分”.
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