练习册

  • 练习册
  • 试题
    洪水.水灾 【查看更多】

     

    题目列表(包括答案和解析)

    阅读下文，完成小题。(17分)
    水　问
    王猛
    一
    当我们潜入蓝藻丛生的滇池底部，去寻找消失已久的栲栳鱼，我们想知道究竟是什么污染了我们的湖水？当我们在海河岸边一次又一次见证了打井队寻找水源的失败经历时，我们想知道那些地下几百米的水究竟到哪里去了？
    如果世界人均水资源是一满杯水的话，中国的人均水资源不过仅仅是一个杯底；而且由于时空分布极不均匀，在华北等人口聚集的地区，我们的人均水资源量甚至低于以色列、中东等地区。
    危机不是即将到来，而是已经从四面八方悄悄开始。
    在富裕的南方，几十万人，一夜之间就可能没有水喝；在淮河岸边，一场污水过后，所有河蟹养殖户彻底破产；在发展中的北方，河流的生命几乎绝迹；长江的河道里，人们花费上百万元，只是为了寻找到一种名叫白鳍豚的水生鱼类；“太湖美”、“汾河清”这样的歌曲在全国的水污染地图面前显得滑稽、尴尬。从北到南，七大流域正在水污染危机崩溃的边缘。
    水是宽容的，因为宽容才产生了生命，也因为这种宽容，它容纳了这个世界大部分肮脏的东西。中国的工业文明发展史浓缩了西方两百年的时间，作为代价，中国的河流与湖泊也浓缩了西方两百年的污染史。利益驱动、制度缺失、道德沦丧，对比农耕文明，对比泰晤士河的治理，一味追求利益与让中国的江河湖泊重新变清究竟什么最重要？
    二
    在开封城几十公里外,悬在几百万人口上方的黄河,又让我们不断地思考洪水的出路;在漳河两岸,每年夏天都会增派武警来保护水源;在城市里,拉动任何一个抽水马桶,宁夏缺水地区全家人一星期的生活用水就全部被冲到了下水道;在有些地方,水很贵,一瓶矿泉水的价格甚至比97号汽油还要贵两倍……
    中国人并不缺乏节水的历史、节水的意识和节水的技术。坎儿井、北海团城这些古老的节水设施已经使用了几千年,那么我们缺什么呢？对一户农民、一个企业、一个地区而言,当节水比浪费水还要多花钱的时候,为什么要节水？当浪费水仅仅只是一个道德问题的时候,我们为什么要节水？
    节水不仅是我们面对生存危机不得已的选择,也是考验我们这个民族道德与制度建设能力的一次机会。
    三
    黄河源头有“千湖之县”美誉的玛多要搬迁了,原因是没有水;太湖之滨的大款要搬走了,原因是水脏了;世界第四大湖——咸海,已经消失了一半;我们儿时记忆中的河流几乎全部干枯了——我们的祖先是否想象过我们今天的遭遇?
    人类的文明诞生在大河两岸,苏美尔人的崛起就是因为找到了与水和谐相处的方式;但是,苏美尔文明的消亡,也正是由于对水的过度利用。两百多年以前,人类发明了蒸汽机——一种利用水循环的机器,它推动着我们到达了今天的文明程度。我们生活在地球历史中最美好的时期,但是我们是不是忘记了水可以诞生文明,也可以毁灭文明？
    面对水,如果我们不能够找到新的文明方式,我们还能在地球上待多久？
    （选自《文苑·经典美文》2010年第6期）
    【小题1】中国面临水资源危机，其产生的原因是什么？（3分）
    【小题2】读下面句子，联系上下文，体会表达效果。（6分）
    ⑴如果世界人均水资源是一满杯水的话，中国的人均水资源不过仅仅是一个杯底……（用了什么说明方法？有什么作用？）
    ⑵一味追求利益与让中国的江河湖泊重新变清究竟什么最重要？（这个问句是哪种类型的问句？表达了什么意思？）
    ⑶中国人并不缺乏节水的历史、节水的意识和节水的技术。坎儿井、北海团城这些古老的节水设施已经使用了几千年，那么我们缺什么呢？（想一想，我们缺的是什么呢？）
    【小题3】如何治理水资源，这篇文章高屋建瓴，提出了一些新观点。下面对新观点的表达不正确的一项是（　　　）（3分）
    A．改变水的宽容的特点，拒绝肮脏的侵害。
    B．提高民族道德水平，建立起人们的新观念：认识到节约比经济利益更重要。
    C．国家要加强节水的法律法规建设，地方要加强节水的制度建设。
    D．寻找、建立新的文明发展方式。
    【小题4】文章结尾告诉我们，如果要治理好水资源，就要找到新的文明方式。那么，这新的文明方式是怎样的呢？又如何实现这种新文明呢？谈谈自己的看法。（5分）

    查看答案和解析>>

    完形填空

    　　Today we can see that many people are cutting down the trees in the forests．A lot of 　　1　　 land has become deserts．If we 　　2　　 newspapers, we'll learn that the forests on the earth are getting smaller 　　3　　．We are cutting down large numbers of trees because we need wood and farmland．Some scientists say that there will not be any great forests 　　4　　 20 or 30 years．

    　　What will happen if the forests disappear(消失)？A lot of plants will die and the

    animals will 　　5　　 their home．In many places the new farmland will soon look 　　6　　 the old deserts．Crops will not grow there．There won't be enough 　　7　　, and the weather will get hot and dry．If the climate(气候)of the earth changes, life will be 　　8　　 for everyone．Our living environment will become worse and worse．More and more rich farmland will disappear．We will suffer(遭受)a lot from 　　9　　 droughts(干旱)and floods(洪水)．

    　　It's our duty 　　10　　 the forests well．

    (1)
    [　　]

    A．

    low

    B．

    rich

    C．

    lonely

    D．

    high

    (2)
    [　　]

    A．

    look

    B．

    see

    C．

    read

    D．

    watch

    (3)
    [　　]

    A．

    on time

    B．

    all the time

    C．

    in time

    D．

    no time

    (4)
    [　　]

    A．

    in

    B．

    at

    C．

    on

    D．

    with

    (5)
    [　　]

    A．

    find

    B．

    build

    C．

    lose

    D．

    decorate

    (6)
    [　　]

    A．

    like

    B．

    up

    C．

    at

    D．

    out

    (7)
    [　　]

    A．

    snow

    B．

    sunshine

    C．

    wind

    D．

    rain

    (8)
    [　　]

    A．

    easy

    B．

    hard

    C．

    happy

    D．

    interesting

    (9)
    [　　]

    A．

    all

    B．

    either

    C．

    none

    D．

    both

    (10)
    [　　]

    A．

    to do

    B．

    do

    C．

    to protect

    D．

    protect

    查看答案和解析>>

    英语趣味阅读

    The Photographer(摄影师)

    　　Sam Higgins was a famous photographer. He travelled all over the world, taking photographs for magazines and newspapers. His photographs won many prizes and he earned(挣得) a lot of money.

    　　 “I'll do anything to get a good photograph,”he often said.“I'll go anywhere at any time, even if it is dangerous.”

    　　And he spoke the truth. He had photographs of earthquakes (地震), forest fires, floods(洪水), even wars. If something interesting happened, Sam went to photograph it.

    　　He was a married man and his wife often asked him to take her with him, but he always refused.

    　　 “I travel for my work, not for pleasure,”he told her. “You won't enjoy yourself, and I won't have time to look after you. Sometimes there's not even anywhere to stay and I have to sleep outside. I often don't have a good meal or a bath for days. You won't like it.”

    　　“Sam, I'm not a child, ”his wife argued(争论). “I can look after myself. Please, take me with you next time you go overseas.”

    　　Sam did not say anything but he thought about it, and when he was asked to go to Africa he said, “You can come to Africa with me if you want to. I've got to take photographs of the wildlife(野生动物) there. It should be interesting and not too uncomfortable. We'll be staying with a ranger(森林或公园管理员). ”

    　　His wife was very excited, and at first she had a very enjoyable time.

    　　Then Sam went off to find some lions to photograph. His wife went with him, but before long they became separated(分开). They came to a fork in the path, and she walked down one path while he walked down the other.

    　　Then Sam heard her screaming(尖叫). He ran back to the fork in the path and saw her running toward him. A huge lion was running after her.

    　　Quickly Sam took his camera out of its case and pointed it at his wife and the lion.

    　　Then he shouted, “Slow down, woman. I can't get you both in the picture.”

    1．Sam Higgins ________.

    [　　]

    A．enjoyed travelling

    B．was a professional(专业的) photographer

    C．appeared(出现) in many magazines

    D．took only dangerous photos

    2．He always ________.

    [　　]

    A．took his wife

    B．spoke the truth

    C．went to safe places

    D．travelled alone

    3．Where did he often have to sleep?

    [　　]

    A．In a forest fire.
    B．In a hotel.
    C．In a bathroom.
    D．Outdoors.

    4．Mrs. Higgins wanted ________.

    [　　]

    A．to have her photograph taken
    B．to stay with a ranger
    C．to go with her husband
    D．to have a child

    5．What did Mrs. Higgins find?

    [　　]

    A．A lion.
    B．A fork.
    C．A camera.
    D．A camera case.

    查看答案和解析>>

    根据短文内容选择最佳答案。

    　　Many children love to play with snow in winter．But Long Chuan has come to hate it．

    　　This year his hometown suffered from snowstorms(遭受暴风雪)for nearly a month．The heavy snow stopped cars and trains, broke the electricity(电)tower and turned tap water to ice．

    　　Every day Long Chuan had to walk several kilometers to carry drinking water．“I couldn't ride a bike and it took me 3 hours to walk to school．I can't remember how many times I slipped(滑倒)on the hard ice,”said Long Chuan．

    　　Long is not alone．This year millions of people in central and southern China had a freezing winter without enough water and electricity．The biggest snowstorms in 50 years killed more than 100 people．They also cost the country 111.1 billion yuan．

    　　Experts(专家)say a special type of climate condition(气候条件), La Nina, caused the storms．During a La Nina, the water in the Pacific Ocean(太平洋)near the equator(赤道)becomes colder than usual．It changes the weather around the world．

    　　Besides China, Canada, the US and Middle Eastern countries also met with heavy snowstorms this winter．The special climate caused the recent flooding(洪水)in Australia, too．

    　　However, experts say that people have destroyed the environment(环境)．Global warming(全球变暖)may be causing these terrible weather events to happen more and more often．

    (1)

    What took place in Long Chuan's hometown last winter?

    [　　]

    A．

    Earthquake．

    B．

    Flooding．

    C．

    Traffic Accident．

    D．

    Heavy snowstorms．

    (2)

    During the snowstorms this year, Long Chuan ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    had to walk to carry drinking water

    B．

    had to ride a bike to school

    C．

    couldn't go to school on foot

    D．

    couldn't play with snow

    (3)

    The heavy snow ________ this year．

    [　　]

    A．

    killed millions of Chinese

    B．

    cost China 111.1 billion yuan

    C．

    used too much electricity

    D．

    lasted more than three hours

    (4)

    We can tell from the story that ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    China is the only country which suffered from the heavy snow

    B．

    La Nina is said to have caused the snowstorms

    C．

    La Nina also caused hot summer in Australia

    D．

    the snowstorms have nothing to do with global warming

    (5)

    The passage tells people around the world ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    to wear more clothes in winter

    B．

    to stop riding bikes on the hard ice

    C．

    to protect(保护)the environment

    D．

    to save water and electricity

    查看答案和解析>>

    阅读并按要求做题。

    　　Trees are useful to men in three important ways：　　1　　, they give them shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods(防止洪水与干旱)．

    　　Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, men have not realized(意识)that the third of these is the most important．In their eagerness(渴望)to make money from trees, 　　2　　, only to find that without them they have lost the best friends they had．And also 　　3　　, so many trees are slowly gone．

    　　This doesn’t not only mean that men will have fewer trees．The results(结果)are even more serious：　　4　　, their roots(树跟)break up soil——having the rain go in——and also bind(固定)the soil(土壤), thus stopping it from being washed away easily; 　　5　　, the rain falls on hard ground and runs away, causing floods and carrying away the rich top-soil．

    A．some people have cut trees down in large numbers

    B．but where there are no trees

    C．they provide(供给)them with wood

    D．they are usually too careless to plant and look after new trees

    E．for where there are trees

    6．Which is the best title of the passage?________

    A．Planting More Trees

    B．The Problems of Trees

    C．Never Cut Down Trees

    D．The importance of Trees

    查看答案和解析>>


    同步练习册答案