阅读下面文言文，完成小题。
“不违农时，谷不可胜食也。数罟不入洿池，鱼鳖不可胜食也。斧斤以时入山林，材木不可胜用也。谷与鱼鳖不可胜食，材木不可胜用，是使民养生丧死无憾也。养生丧死无憾，王道之始也。”
“五亩之宅，树之以桑，五十者可以衣帛矣。鸡豚狗彘之畜，无失其时，七十者可以食肉矣；百亩之田，勿夺其时，数口之家，可以无饥矣；谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。七十者衣帛食肉，黎民不饥不寒，然而不王者，未之有也。”
“狗彘食人食而不知检，涂有饿殍而不知发。人死，则曰：‘非我也，岁也。’是何异于刺人而杀之，曰：‘非我也，兵也。’王无罪岁，斯天下之民至焉。”
——《孟子·梁惠王上》
【小题1】下列句中划线的词语解释错误的一项是（   ）

A．数罟不入洿池（数罟：密网）	B．五亩之宅，树之以桑（树：树木）
C．七十者衣帛食肉（衣：yì，穿）	D．鸡豚狗彘之畜（豚：小猪 彘：猪）

【小题2】下列划线的虚词意义用法不同的一组是（   ）

A．五亩之宅，树之以桑申之以孝悌之义

B．请以战喻斧斤以时入山林

C．狗彘食人食而不知检然而不王者，未之有也

D．则无望民之多于邻国也 是何异于刺人而杀之

【小题3】下列各组最能反映孟子“王道”之成观点的句子是（   ）
①使民养生丧死无憾也   ②斧斤以时入山林，材木不可胜用也
③五亩之宅，树之以桑，五十者可以衣帛矣  ④百亩之田，勿夺其时，数口之家，可以无饥矣
⑤不违农时，谷不可胜食也  ⑥谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣
⑦王无罪岁，斯天下之民至焉
①②⑤   B. ③④⑥   C．①②⑦   D．③④⑦
【小题4】下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括，不正确的一项（   ）

A．“五亩之宅……可以无饥矣”这三组提出的措施，比上一段提出的措施更前进了一步。

B．最后一段孟子批评了统治者的暴政，摆出事实，揭穿谎言，针对统治者归罪于岁的推诿，运用了比喻进行驳斥。

C．由“狗彘食人食而不知检，途有饿殍而不知发”一句可知当时年成确实不好，到了饿死人的地步。

D．结尾一句与开篇的“民不加多”照应，而且回应了梁惠王的疑问。

【小题5】把文言文中画横线的语句翻译成现代汉语。（6分，）
（1）谷与鱼鳖不可胜食，材木不可胜用，是使民养生丧死无憾也
（2）谨庠序之教，申之以孝悌之义，颁白者不负戴于道路矣。

阅读下面的文字，完成小题（25分）
乡村铁质
刘向民
①乡村是我永远的家园。在我全部的生活中，乡村是最重要的。
②虽然走进了城市，不可能与土地日日肌肤相亲，但我始终以农民的眼光审视乡村。乡村是城市的依托，没有乡村也就没有城市的存在，乡村是城市的母体，城市是乡村的延伸和延续。乡村是狗吠鸡鸣牛哞，是薄薄的晨雾和袅袅的炊烟，一条静静地流淌的小河，茂密的小草尖上晶莹的露珠闪耀着太阳的光彩。乡村的早晨是清新和鲜明的。
③走进田野，就走进了自我。一株株茂盛的高粱、谷子或者玉米，就是我们的兄长。闪着光芒的锄探进植物的根部，根系蔓延，锄的铁质意念就通过异常发达的根系蔓延了整个土地，广阔的原野处处闪耀着铁质的浑厚和沉重，所以我们收获的每一粒粮食、每一季粮食都包含着铁质。铁质沿着血管流动，扎根于我们的每一处神经，我们的脊梁才如此坚挺。
④粮食的存在，使乡村有了存在的充分理由。一茬一茬的庄稼，一茬一茬的人生，在乡村的蓝天下格外亮丽。已经死去多年的大树仍然直直地挺立，黑枯的树干直指青天，乡村中许多的构思和想象缘自树干的启迪。镰刀闪着铁质的锋利，农民的梦想始终与庄稼有关，一头牛与一架犁在土地深处探寻，浑黄或者黝黑的土壤蕴涵着无穷的力量，只要播下种子，幻想就无可阻挡地蓬勃起来了。土地时刻迸发着铁质的响声。
⑤土地养育了庄稼，也养育了整个乡村。乡人们的性格和作为，任何时候都充满着铁质，欢喜时会无所顾忌地畅心大笑，发怒时会打上一架，或者跑到村街上不明不白地骂上一场，悲哀时会痛痛快快淋漓尽致地大哭一场，然后又执著地走进田野，走进劳作，一切都毫无遮遮掩掩。嫉恶如仇，旗帜鲜明，高昂的气概和高亢的声音比得过任何烦琐深奥的说教。他们不怕风，不怕雨，不怕雷鸣；他们饮风露餐，吃得下千般苦，受得住万般罪，他们常说“没有吃不了的苦，没有受不了的罪”。年景的丰歉和日子的辛苦都是岁月的点缀，他们从不怨天尤人，总是日出而作，日落而息。沿着太阳的方向走进田野，走进庄稼地里，走进乡村深处的每一个细节，使乡村的每一刻都充充实实和铿锵有声。哪怕只是一声劳动的号子，也如雷鸣一般响亮；哪怕只是向前迈出一步，也如山一般稳重；哪怕只是一个耕或者种的手势，也都是乡村的经典动作。乡村，处处铁质，铁质处处。
⑥乡村是农民的部落。城里人已经厌烦的事情，乡村还在喜欢或者也早已厌烦，喜欢的是一种没有丢失的乡村质朴，厌烦的是曾经生活在乡村里的城里人的矫作。城里人始终也在吃着乡村的粮食，但缺少了乡村的铁质。铁质似乎已被城里人丢失殆尽。我们是否要寻找乡村的铁质，使乡村铁质在城市里闪烁，应该是我们思考的问题。
⑦乡村是我们生存的依托，也是城市生活的依据，没有了乡村就没有城市。是否有人为城市一天天侵占乡村沾沾自喜呢?如果缺少了乡村，缺少了乡村铁质，我们将会更加颓废，城市也将因此而变的莫名其妙地失去方向。因此，不论生活在乡村还是城市里的人们，都不能忘记永远的乡村铁质，它是我们永远的支撑，我们永远的方向。
【小题1】下列对散文的分析，不正确的两项是(5分) （　　）（　　）

A．文章开篇作者说：“乡村是我永远的家园。在我全部的生活中，乡村是最重要的。”这一行文的好处是开门见山，直接抒发了作者对乡村的热爱之情。

B．在第三段作者运用比喻的手法把高粱、谷子、玉米等农作物比作了自己的兄弟，细致入微地描写了它们正在健康成长的模样。

C．第五段作者运用排比修辞，使文章的行文充满气势，生动地写出了在充满铁质的乡村中生活的农人们旺盛的生命力和他们坚强、直率、质朴的性格。

D．作者用饱含深情的笔墨，描绘了乡村生活的图景以及在乡村中生活着的人们，凸显了乡村“处处铁质，铁质处处”的风貌。

E．乡村是“我”永远的家园，“我”的根在乡村；城市是宁静美好乡村的对立面，让人厌恶，文章处处都有“我”对城市和城市文明的批判。
【小题2】结合全文谈谈乡村具有怎样的意义？作者在行文中着重描写了乡村的土地，有怎样的目的？(6分)
【小题3】谈谈你对文中划线句的理解。(6分)
①只要播下种子，幻想就无可阻挡地蓬勃起来了。（3分）
②走进乡村深处的每一个细节,使乡村的每一刻都充充实实和铿锵有声。(3分)  
【小题4】文章的最后一段有什么作用？文章中的“铁质”具有其特殊的象征意义，根据你对文章的品读，谈谈对“铁质”象征意义的理解。(8分)

Scientists say there are seven kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kind; (2) citrus(柑橘类)fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made of milk, like cheese and ice-cream; (6) bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of foods; (7) butter, or something like butter, with fat(脂肪)。

People in different countries in the world eat different kinds of things. They also eat in different kinds the day. In some place people eat once or twice a day; in other countries, people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that these differences are not important. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is that every day a person must eat something from each of the seven kind of food. The most important thing is that we must find some way to help the hungry people and make the people have right kinds of food, make them strongand healthy

1.It is important that people should _________.

A．eat three times a day

B．eat cooked food

C．eat dinner at 4 o’clock

D．eat something from each of the seven kinds of food every day

2.Which sentence is right?

A．People should eat ice-cream every day

B．We should eat chicken every day

C．Oranges belong to second kind of food

D．We should never eat fat

3.In different countries people _________.

A．eat the same kinds of food

B．cook their food in the same way

C．eat different kinds of food

D．eat the food in the same way

4.The most important thing is _________.

A．many people in the world are hungry

B．we must eat the seven kinds of food

C．many people are too heavy

D．people eat too much food

5.What is the meaning of “strong” in the last paragraph（最后一段）?

A．肥胖的

B．漂亮的

C．聪明的

D．强壮的

 

Foolish(silly) Freddie lived in a small village. The people of the village laughed at him. They liked to show visitors how silly Freddie was. They thought this was a funny thing to do.
One day, a visitor came to the village.
"Watch this", a villager said, and called to Freddie. "Come and play a game, Freddie, " he shouted. Freddie walked slowly towards him, a silly smile on his face.
"Look! Freddie, "the villager said, "I’ve got something for you." He showed Freddie a dollar coin and a much larger 50-cent coin."Which would you like?" he asked Freddie.
Freddie took the 50-cent coin at once.
The villager laughed."See how foolish he is," he said."He always does that. He’s too silly to learn anything." He walked away, leaving Freddie with the visitor.
The visitor felt sorry for Freddie and said to him, "Although the 50-cent coin is bigger than the＄1 coin, the＄1 coin is worth(值) much more.Two times as much."
"I know that," Freddie said."But once I take the＄1coin, they’ll stop playing the game."
【小题1】根据第一段The people of the village laughed at him. They liked to show visitors how silly Freddie was.描述,可知选D
【小题2】根据第一段They liked to show visitors how silly Freddie was. 描述,可知选A
【小题3】根据最后一段The visitor felt sorry for Freddie and said to him, "Although the 50-cent coin is bigger than the＄1 coin, the＄1 coin is worth(值) much more.描述,可知他认为弗雷迪不知道这些硬币的价值.故选D
【小题4】根据短文最后一句话"I know that," Freddie said."But once I take the＄1coin, they’ll stop playing the game."可知弗雷迪这样做只是为了让人们不断地给他钱,故选C,他其实很聪明.
【小题5】这篇短文主要描述了一个被村民们认为很傻的人,但是实际上这个人很聪明.故选B,foolish用引号括起来,表示相反的含义.
【小题6】People laughed at Freddie because__________.

A．he often made up jokes	B．he didn’t like money
C．he looked very funny	D．they thought he was a fool

【小题7】The villagers wanted to show the visitors___________.

A．how silly Freddie was	B．how clever Freddie was
C．How kind people were to Freddie	D．that Freddie had much money

【小题8】The visitor felt sorry for Freddie because he though_________.

A．Freddie did not know money was useful

B．the villager was not kind enough to the boy

C．Freddie did not get along well with the villagers

D．Freddie did not know the dollar coin was worth more

【小题9】From the story we know that Freddie was__________.

A．poor

B．kind

C．clever

D．silly

【小题10】The best title for the passage should be __________.

A．Clever Villagers	B．"Foolish" Freddie
C．Freddie and a Visitor	D．A Visitor and the Villagers

Scientists say there are seven kinds of food that people should eat every day. They are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kind; (2) citrus(柑橘类)fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; (4) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made of milk, like cheese and ice-cream; (6) bread or cereal(谷类), rice is also in this kind of foods; (7) butter, or something like butter, with fat(脂肪)。
People in different countries in the world eat different kinds of things. They also eat in different kinds the day. In some place people eat once or twice a day; in other countries, people eat three or four times a day. Scientists say that these differences are not important. It doesn’t matter if a person eats dinner at 4 o’clock in the afternoon or at eleven o’clock at night. The important thing is that every day a person must eat something from each of the seven kind of food. The most important thing is that we must find some way to help the hungry people and make the people have right kinds of food, make them strongand healthy
【小题1】It is important that people should _________.

A．eat three times a day

B．eat cooked food

C．eat dinner at 4 o’clock

D．eat something from each of the seven kinds of food every day

【小题2】Which sentence is right?

A．People should eat ice-cream every day

B．We should eat chicken every day

C．Oranges belong to second kind of food

D．We should never eat fat

【小题3】In different countries people _________.

A．eat the same kinds of food

B．cook their food in the same way

C．eat different kinds of food

D．eat the food in the same way

【小题4】The most important thing is _________.

A．many people in the world are hungry

B．we must eat the seven kinds of food

C．many people are too heavy

D．people eat too much food

【小题5】What is the meaning of “strong” in the last paragraph（最后一段）?

A．肥胖的

B．漂亮的

C．聪明的

D．强壮的