The Making of a Surgeon
How does a doctor recognize the point in time when he is finally a “surgeon”? As my year as chief resident （进修医生） drew to a close, I asked myself this question  36  more than one occasion．
The answer, I concluded, was  37 ．When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just  38  or better than any other surgeon”-- then, and not until then, you are  39  a surgeon．I was  40  that point．
41  , for example, the emergency situations that we met almost every night．The first few months of the year I had  42  the ringing of the telephone．I knew it meant another critical decision to be  43 ．Often, after I had told Walt or Larry what to do in a particular   44  , I'd have trouble getting back to sleep．I'd  45  all the facts of the case and, often, wonder  46  I had made a poor decision．More than once at two or three in the  47  , after lying awake for an hour, I’d get out of   48  , dress and drive to the hospital to see the patient myself．It was the only  49  I could find the   50  of mind I needed to relax．
Now, in the last month of my residency,  51  was no longer a problem．Sometimes I still couldn’t be sure of my decision, but I had learned to  52  this as a constant problem for a surgeon．I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I'd made was bound to be a  53  one．It was a nice feeling．
This all sounds conceited （自负的） and I guess it is --  54  a surgeon needs conceit．He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he's bothered by the  55  and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine．He has to feel that he's as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world．Call it conceit -- call it self-confidence; whatever it was, I had it．

That “Monday morning feeling” could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.

       The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2,600 Germans showed that the average person had a 20 per cent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.

       Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.

       A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.

       The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr Stefan Willich of the Free University. “We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol（胆固醇）but we don’t know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can’t give clear advice on how to prevent them,” he said.

       Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work.

       “When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal（内分泌）changes in their bodies,” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavourable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot（血凝块）in the arteries（动脉）which will cause a heart attack.”

       “When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity,” said Willich.

Monday morning feeling, as this passage shows,         .

       A. is not so serious as people thought

B. is harmful to working people in developed countries.

       C. is the first killer in Germany and Italy.  

 D. is created by researchers in Germany and Italy

To protect people from suffering from heart attack, doctors have paid much attention to     .      A. people’s working time B. people’s living place      

C. people’s diet and lifestyle  D. people’s nationalities

It can be learned from this passage that heart attack has nothing to do with      .

       A. blood pressure  B. heart rate  C. hormonal changes  D. blood group

If the researchers give us some advice to avoid Monday morning feeling, what might it be?

       A. Stop working on Monday                   B. Create a pleasant working environment

       C. Get up late on Monday morning              D. Go to work with a doctor

That “Monday morning feeling” could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.

The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2,600 Germans showed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.

Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 percent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.

A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.

The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr Stefan Willich of the Free University. “We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol（胆固醇）but we don’t know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can’t give clear advice on how to prevent them,” he said.

Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work.

“When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal（内分泌）changes in their bodies,” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavourable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot（血凝块）in the arteries（动脉）which will cause a heart attack.”

“When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity,” said Willich.

1.．Monday morning feeling, as this passage shows,         .

A. is not so serious as people thought     

B. is harmful to working people in Germany and Italy

C. is the first killer in Germany and Italy.  

D. is created by researchers in Germany and Italy

2.．To protect people from suffering from heart attack, doctors have paid much attention to     .     

A. people’s working time          B. people’s living place      

C. people’s diet and lifestyle    D. people’s nationalities

3.．It can be learned from this passage that heart attack has nothing to do with      .

A. blood pressure     B. heart rate    C. hormonal changes     D. blood group

4.．If the researchers give us some advice to avoid Monday morning feeling, what might it be?

A. Stop working on Monday             B. Create a pleasant working environment

C. Get up late on Monday morning     D. Go to work with a doctor

5..Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any other day of the week to non-workers

B.33% of the Germans have heart diseases, therefore heart attacks are more common in Germany than in any other country.

C.20%of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.

D. Non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.

That “Monday morning feeling” could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.

       The risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2,600 Germans showed that the average person had a 20 per cent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.

      Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.

       A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time for the heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.

       The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr Stefan Willich of the Free University. “We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol（胆固醇）but we don’t know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can’t give clear advice on how to prevent them,” he said.

       Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work.

       “When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal（内分泌）changes in their bodies,” Willich explained. “All these things can have an unfavourable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot（血凝块）in the arteries（动脉）which will cause a heart attack.”

       “When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity,” said Willich.

1.Monday morning feeling, as this passage shows,         .

       A. is not so serious as people thought

B. is harmful to working people in developed countries.

       C. is the first killer in Germany and Italy.  

 D. is created by researchers in Germany and Italy

2.To protect people from suffering from heart attack, doctors have paid much attention to     .      A. people’s working time                                B. people’s living place      

C. people’s diet and lifestyle                               D. people’s nationalities

3.It can be learned from this passage that heart attack has nothing to do with      .

       A. blood pressure  B. heart rate  C. hormonal changes  D. blood group

4.If the researchers give us some advice to avoid Monday morning feeling, what might it be?

       A. Stop working on Monday            B. Create a pleasant working environment

       C. Get up late on Monday morning     D. Go to work with a doctor

Can you imagine living in a house built by recycled waste?

Texas home builder Dan Phillips transforms trash into artful treasures, creating beautiful floors with wood pieces, kitchen counters from ivory­colored bones and roofs out of license plates(牌照)．

The fantastic houses which spring from his imagination are made almost entirely of materials which would otherwise have ended up in a garbage area.

“People have been doing this for hundreds of thousands of years; using whatever is available to build shelter，” Phillips said，“If you think about carefully what could be used, then building materials are everywhere.”

The thirteen homes he has built so far would fit better in an art museum than the residential streets of Huntsville, a conservative town of about 35，000 people.

Living in these houses is a bit like living in a roadside attraction.“Almost every day, somebody knocks on the door and says ‘Is there any way that we could see？’”said Edie Wells, an artist who rents a room in the Bone House.Her home features a stairway made of bones, floors covered in wine corks(软木塞) and beer bottle caps.Wells said visitors are most impressed when they see a bathroom with its walls, floor and ceiling entirely covered with broken mirror pieces.

In addition, each house is highly energy­efficient with plenty of insulation(隔热材料), an on­demand solar hot water heater and a system that can collect and recycle rainwater to clean the toilet and wash clothes.

Phillips founded Phoenix Commotion 12 years ago with the aim of creating a new model for sustainable housing.For as little as $10，000 it builds affordable homes for single parents, low­income families and artists.

The company has used hundreds of tons of construction waste by recycling the materials into habitable buildings.

Phillips tries to spread his recycled­house idea by speaking at events across the United States, and by using the Internet to reach out to like­minded individuals.Phillips said, “I'm not going to be saving the world anytime soon.But there needs to be at least some visibility for this model in this century.”

20．Which of the following is NOT the advantage of the homes built by Phillips?

A．Environmentally­friendly.  　B．Energy­efficient.

C．Convenient.  　D．Cheap.

21．What do we know about Dan Phillips?

A．He is serious and hard­working.

B．He is full of imagination and intelligence.

C．It didn't take him long to build the houses.

D．He didn't give speeches in the United States.

22．According to the passage, the houses are like artful treasures because they are ________．

A．made of bones  B．museums

C．admired by people  D．made of various trash

23．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?

A．Home Builder Dan Phillips

B．Green Homes

C．Home Builder Dan Phillips Turns Trash into Green Homes

D．A Home Builder' s Life