Scientists have found what look like caves on Mars(火星),and say they could be protecting life from the planet’s terrible environment.

Images of the Mars caves from Northern

Arizona University

The first caves discovered beyond the Earth appear as seven mysterious black dots on the pictures sent back by NASA’s Mars Odyssey orbiter.Each as large as a football field,they may be openings into natural caves below the Martian surface.

“If there is life on Mars,there is a good chance you’d find it in caves,”said Jut Wynne,one of the researchers who noticed the features while working on a US Geological Survey Mars Cave Detection Program.

Jonathan Clarke,a geologist with the Mars Society of Australia,yesterday described the discovery as exciting.

One photo taken at night by an infrared imager(红外线成像器) showed one hole to be unusually warm,suggesting hot air trapped during the day is flowing out.

“I said:‘Wow,that’s a cave’,”Dr.Clarke said excitedly.“People have been looking for these for a long time;now we have found them.”

He agreed such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life escaping from the bitterly cold,radiation-soaked(充满辐射的),dry surface.

“Tiny drops of water could collect inside,”he said.“If there are gases coming out,they could provide energy for a whole range of bacteria.A cave is also a protection from radiation;the surface of Mars is exposed to high levels of space radiation.”

The caves probably formed when tube-shaped lava flows(管状岩浆流) spread across the planet long ago.The outside of the tubes cooled,forming solid walls,while something hotter inside allowed the remaining lava to flow out,forming caves.

1.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A.How the caves were formed on Mars.

B.How scientists found these caves on Mars.

C.Caves on Mars may be full of hot air or a sign of life.

D.Scientists have completely recognized the surface of Mars.

2.We can learn from the passage that _______.

A.water has already been found on Mars

B.the scientists found all the caves at night

C.it is certain that there is life in these caves

D.the surface of Mars is bitterly cold,radiation-soaked and dry

3.According to the passage,Dr.Clarke was so excited because _______.

A.such caves could provide energy for life

B.they had finally found the caves on Mars

C.such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life

D.scientists had long been looking for these caves

4.Necessary conditions for life on Mars mentioned in the passage may include _______.

A.lava and energy

B.water and radiation from space

C.gases and lava

D.water and protection from radiation

 

B

Visiting Canada This Summer?

A visit to Canada begins with a stop at customs. This can be done quickly if visitors keep in mind the following general tips:

*     Most American visitors are allowed into Canada after answering a few simple questions. In some cases, customs officers may examine your car and your possessions.

*     You must have photo identification when you cross the border. If you are travelling with children who are not your own, they should have their own identification, and you need a permission note from their parents or guardians.

*     You can bring with you no more than 40 ounces (1.14 litres) of liquor or 52 ounces of wine or 24 containers of beer (355 ml or 12 oz. each). Please note that we classify coolers according to the type of alcohol they contain. Also, you may not bring more than 200 cigarettes. 50 cigars, 200 tobacco sticks, and 200 grams of manufactured tobacco without paying duty.

*     Generally speaking, you are allowed to bring personal goods for your trip into Canada.

*     You cannot bring handguns into Canada unless you have a special permit and only under specific conditions. You cannot bring long guns into Canada except in special cases such as hunting season or for use in a competition. You must declare all guns at customs or they will be seized. You cannot bring weapons such as mace into Canada in any cases. For more information, see pamphlet Importing a Firearm or Weapon into Canada.

*     You may qualify for a rebate （折扣）of the goods and services tax (GST) or the harmonized （协调的）sales tax (HST) you pay on accommodation （住所）and shopping you make while in Canada. For more information, see Tax Refund/or Visitors to Canada.

*     You may also bring gifts worth up to CAN$60 each for your friends or relatives in Canada without paying duty, as long as these do not consist of alcoholic drink or tobacco products.

*     Please do not wrap these gifts until after you have cleared customs, since an examination may be required.

Welcome to Canada and have a pleasant stay!

61. You can bring _____ litres of wine.

A. 1.2           B. 1.5             C. 1.7                D. 1.9

62． You may get your money from the tax at _____ .

A. the bank            B. the shop            C. accommodation         D. customs

63. What does the underlined word "they" refer to?

A. All guns.                            B. Mace and pepper spray.

C. Handguns.                          D. Long guns.

64. The topic of the passage could be _____.

A. clearing customs in Canada

B. things forbidden to bring into Canada

C. inviting people to visit Canada this summer

D. introducing Canadian customs         

 

“REMOVE from friends.”
This is no ordinary button. One click and I have the power to erase a person from my life.
In late fall, I had around 400 friends on Facebook. Today, I have 134.
Click. Make that 133.
When Facebook first entered my life in 2005, I panicked（恐慌、担心） that my friend count was too low. If I wasn’t properly connected, how would anyone see my clever quote(引语)? Who would wish me a happy birthday? I accepted and sent out friend requests without a second thought and soon accumulated 391 friends.
There is an appeal to being able to communicate with someone or just “thumbs(拨动手指) up” a photo rather than make real conversation.
“It’s comforting and it’s easy,” said Larry Rosen, a psychology professor at California State University, who studies the way people communicate online.” There’s a sense of belonging in it. It’s a sense of community in a generation where community has sort of (有点)disappeared.”
However, I don’t talk to half of these people in the online community. There are some I would avoid if I met them on the street.
Click. 132.
I decided to rid my account of any “friend” that…well, wasn’t. Sound easy? You try it.
Look at who you’re dealing with: family, friends, classmates, crushes(爱恋的对象), acquaintances…
With every click of the “Remove from friends” button, you risk burning a bridge, losing a contact and missing an opportunity. So every time I go to click the button, my heart hurts.
However, I’m not the only one who has experienced a Faceboook friend refreshing. The New Oxford American Dictionary announces its “Word of the Year” each year, and last year, “unfriend” made the cut (入围) (though I’ll still stick with “defriend”).
When I started my mission(任务), a few friends joined. Most were surprised by how easily they could cut hundreds of connections without thinking twice.
“Oh my God, I defriended like 600 people today. I feel so good!” my friend Sarah messaged.
Dana, a close friend from high school, and I battled it out to see who could get our counts lower. She wins at 123.
To some, it’s poor “netiquette(网络礼仪)” to defriend. But to me, it’s the stage of life when we hold onto the people who count, the people who impact you.
【小题1】According to the article, what happens when you click the “Remove form friends” button?

A．A message is sent out to your online friends.

B．You accept someone as your online friend.

C．You send out a friend request to people.

D．The number of your online friends is reduced.

【小题2】The writer worried about her friend count in 2005 because ______.

A．no one would wish her a happy birthday

B．it was the first time she had made friends online

C．she had only 391 online friends at that time

D．she was eager to make connections

【小题3】What is Larry Rosen’s opinion?

A．People living in the same area are closely connected in everyday life.

B．Communication online helps people feel they are members of a group.

C．It’s easy for people to make and break new friendships online.

D．Today’s young people spend nearly all their time communicating online.

【小题4】Which of the following is the best description of the underlined sentence?

A．I made new friends online while I removed some old ones.

B．Some friends cut the number of their online friends just like I did.

C．We competed to see who could remove the most online friends.

D．When someone removed me from a friends’ list, I removed him/her.

 

Four people in England, back in 1953, stared at photo 51. it wasn’t much –a picture showing a black X. But three of these people won the Nobel prize for figuring out what the photo really showed—the shape of DNA. The discovery brought fame and fortune to scientists James Watson, Francis crick, and Maurice Willkins. The fourth, the one who actually made the picture, was left out.

Her name was Rosalind Franklin. “She should have been up there,” says historian Mary Bowden. ”if her photo hadn’t been there, the others couldn’t have come up with the structure.” one reason Franklin was missing was that she had died of cancer four years before the Nobel decision. But now scholar doubt that Franklin was not only robbed of her life by disease but robbed of credit by her competitions.

At Cambridge University in the 1950s, Watson and Crick tried to make models by cutting up shapes of DNA’s parts and then putting them together. In the meantime, at king’s college in London, Franklin and Wilkins shone X-rays at the molecule（分子）. The rays produced patterns reflecting the shape.

But Wilkins and Franklin’s relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick. Wilkins thought Franklin was hired to be his assistant. But the college actually employed her to take over the DNA. project.

What she did was produce X-ray pictures that told Watson and Crick that one of their early models was inside out. And she was not shy about saying so. That angered Watson, who attacked her in return,” Mere inspection suggested that she would not easily bend. Clearly she had to go or be put in her place.

As Franklin’s competitors, Wilkins, Watson and Crick had much to gain by cutting her out of the little group of researchers, says historian Pnina Abir-Am. In 1962 at the Nobel prize awarding ceremony, Wilkins thanked 13 colleagues by name before he mentioned Franklin. Watson wrote his book laughing at her. Crick wrote in 1974 that “Franklins was only two steps away from the solution.”

No, Franklin was the solution.” She contributed more than any other player to solving the structure of DNA. She must be considered a co-discoverer,” Abir-Am says. This was backed up by Aaron Klug, who worked with Franklin and later won a Nobel Prize himself. Once described as the “Dark Lady of DNA”, Franklin is finally coming into the light.

1.What is the text mainly about?

A. The disagreements among DNA. researchers.

B. The unfair treatment of Franklin.

C. The process of discovering DNA.

D. The race between two teams of scientists.

2.Watson was angry with Franklin because she ______.

A. took the lead in the competition

B. Kept her results from him

C. proved some of his findings wrong

D. shared her data with other scientists

3.Why is Franklin described as “Dark Lady of DNA”?

A. She developed pictures in dark labs.

B. She discovered the black X------ the shape of DNA.

C. Her name was forgotten after her death.

D. Her contribution was unknown to the public.

4.What is the writer’s attitude toward Wilkins, Watson and Crick?

A. Disapproving

B. Respectful.

C. Admiring

D. Doubtful

 

阅读下列材料，从所给的六个选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中，选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。

请阅读某书店各书架的相关信息：

A. Section One: Do-It-Yourself Section -- On these shelves customers can find the latest manuals on how to do everything from building a computer to constructing your own home.

B. Section Two: Sports & Leisure Section --- Stocks a large range of the latest books on your favorite sporting teams and events. Pick up the perfect Father's Day present here.

C. Section Three: Humor Section --- A great selection of joke books, funny stories and wonderful real life adventures that are sure to keep the reader laughing for days.

D. Section Four: Business & Finance --- Students, business people or anyone interested in the world of commerce are certain to find the book they are after here. We have special subsection for international trade and e-commerce.

E. Section Five: Biography --- Find out about the lives of your favorite sports stars, singers, actors and other famous people from today and the past. Learn what they had to go through to become successful and the effect it had on their lives.

F. Section Six: Education --- Has a huge range of textbooks and supplementary material covering all the major high school and university subjects. Buyers showing their student cards receive a 15% discount on all purchases from this section.

阅读下列关于各书籍的信息，匹配书籍与其所应放置的书架：

___1. The Delighted Eye --- by Prof. John Nash --- The 1994 Nobel Prize Winner for Economics, whose ideas have influenced a generation of the world's greatest economic minds, tells his life story: growing up in a small town in America, becoming one of America's most influential mathematicians and his battles with mental illness.

___2. Mother Tongue: The English Language --- by Bill Bryson --- Bryson's book is a journey through the history and different aspects of the English language , one that is both informative and hugely entertaining. As with most of Bryson's books, fun comes before facts and readers will be left with a smile on their faces.

___3. Into Thin Air --- by John Krakauer --- is a riveting first-hand account of a disastrous race to the top of Mount Everest. In March 1996, Outside magazine sent veteran journalist and experienced climber John Krakauer to join the team led by the famous Everest guide Rob Hall. Despite the expertise of Hall and the other leaders, by the end of the race eight people were dead.

___4. Ready Made: How to Make (Almost) Everything --- by Shoshanna Berger and Grace Hawthorne --- beautifully written with great factual information. The theme behind this book is re-use, re-claim, re-cycle and there are many detailed easy-to-do projects for the reader to try such as making a photo frame from a book cover or a pot for your plants from plastic shopping bags.

____5. The Smartest Guys in the Room: The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron --- by Bethany McLean and Peter Elkind --- As the title suggests the authors cover the rise of the American electricity company to become one of the 10 richest companies in the world and its spectacular fall into dishonour and bankruptcy. A perfect guide on what not to do in business.